ABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify the determinants of low birth weight (LBW) amongst children of adolescent mothers through a hierarchical approach in a cross-sectional study of 751 adolescents attended at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic data, prenatal care, and biological and maternal obstetric conditions were analyzed. Possible determinants of LBW were identified in the bivariate analysis and then hierarchical logistic regression models were tested, considering as taggered hierarchy of distal, intermediate, and proximal levels. Variables with p < 0.05 at each level of analysis were kept in the model, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The prevalence of low birth weight was 10%. The determinants of LBW were: distal level - non-acceptance of pregnancy (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 1.09 to 39.53); intermediate level - having fewer than six prenatal consultations (OR = 4.29; 95% CI = 1.55 to 11.83) and not having standardized nutritional care (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.18 to 8.55); and proximal level - preterm delivery (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 2.12 to 49.01). The determinants of LBW were maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and birth conditions, which contain certain modifiable social characteristics.
Objetivou-se identificar os determinantes do baixo peso ao nascer - BPN, em filhos de adolescentes por meio de abordagem hierarquizada. Estudo transversal com 751 adolescentes atendidas em maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados dados sociodemográficos, da assistência pré-natal, condições biológicas e obstétricas maternas. Os possíveis determinantes do BPN foram identificados na análise bivariada e a seguir foram testados modelos de regressão logística hierarquizada, considerando o escalonamento hierarquizado em níveis distal, intermediário e proximal. Permaneceram no modelo as variáveis com valor de p < 0,05 em cada nível de análise e estimou-se as odds ratio (OR) ajustadas e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. A prevalência de BPN foi de 10%. Os determinantes do BPN foram: nível distal - a não aceitação da gravidez (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 1,09-39,53); nível intermediário - ter menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (OR = 4,29; IC 95% = 1,55-11,83), não ter assistência nutricional padronizada (OR = 3,18; IC 95% = 1,18-8,55); nível proximal parto prematuro (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 2,12-49,01). Os determinantes do BPN foram características maternas, da assistência pré-natal e condições ao nascer e, dentre estes fatores, temos características sociais modificáveis.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight/physiology , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivou-se identificar os determinantes do baixo peso ao nascer - BPN, em filhos de adolescentes por meio de abordagem hierarquizada. Estudo transversal com 751 adolescentes atendidas em maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados dados sociodemográficos, da assistência pré-natal, condições biológicas e obstétricas maternas. Os possíveis determinantes do BPN foram identificados na análise bivariada e a seguir foram testados modelos de regressão logística hierarquizada, considerando o escalonamento hierarquizado em níveis distal, intermediário e proximal. Permaneceram no modelo as variáveis com valor de p < 0,05 em cada nível de análise e estimou-se as odds ratio (OR) ajustadas e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. A prevalência de BPN foi de 10%. Os determinantes do BPN foram: nível distal - a não aceitação da gravidez (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 1,09-39,53); nível intermediário - ter menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (OR = 4,29; IC 95% = 1,55-11,83), não ter assistência nutricional padronizada (OR = 3,18; IC 95% = 1,18-8,55); nível proximal - parto prematuro (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 2,12-49,01). Os determinantes do BPN foram características maternas, da assistência pré-natal e condições ao nascer e, dentre estes fatores, temos características sociais modificáveis.
Abstract This study aimed to identify the determinants of low birth weight (LBW) amongst children of adolescent mothers through a hierarchical approach in a cross-sectional study of 751 adolescents attended at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic data, prenatal care, and biological and maternal obstetric conditions were analyzed. Possible determinants of LBW were identified in the bivariate analysis and then hierarchical logistic regression models were tested, considering as taggered hierarchy of distal, intermediate, and proximal levels. Variables with p < 0.05 at each level of analysis were kept in the model, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The prevalence of low birth weight was 10%. The determinants of LBW were: distal level - non-acceptance of pregnancy (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 1.09 to 39.53); intermediate level - having fewer than six prenatal consultations (OR = 4.29; 95% CI = 1.55 to 11.83) and not having standardized nutritional care (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.18 to 8.55); and proximal level - preterm delivery (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 2.12 to 49.01). The determinants of LBW were maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and birth conditions, which contain certain modifiable social characteristics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Birth Weight/physiology , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Brazil , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
AIMS: To evaluate the predictive factors of birth weight (BW) of newborns of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among pregnant women with GDM treated in a public maternity unit, Brazil. We selected 283 pregnant women, with nutritional follow-up initiated till the 28th gestational week, singleton pregnancy, without chronic diseases and with birth weight information of the newborns. The predictive factors of BW were identified by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Mean maternal age was 31.2⯱â¯5.8â¯years; 64.4% were non-white; 70.1% were pre-gestational overweight or obese. Mean BW was 3234.3⯱â¯478.8â¯g. An increase of 1â¯kg of weight in the first and third trimesters increased BW by 21â¯g (pâ¯=â¯0.01) and 27â¯g (pâ¯=â¯0.03), respectively. Similarly, the other predictive factors of BW were pre-gestational body mass index (ßâ¯=â¯17.16, pâ¯=â¯0.02) and postprandial plasma glucose in the third trimester (ßâ¯=â¯4.14, pâ¯=â¯0.008), in the model adjusted by gestational age at delivery (ßâ¯=â¯194.68, pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The best predictors of BW were gestational age at birth, and maternal pre-gestational and gestational anthropometric characteristics. Maternal glycaemic levels may also influence BW. The results may contribute to a review of prenatal routines for pregnant women with GDM.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis , Pregnancy Outcome , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes, Gestational/epidemiology , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Mothers , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Prognosis , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the nutritional and psychological factors associated with the occurrence of the practice of pica in pregnant women attending a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: The study was based on a descriptive design with exploratory features, and conducted on 13 adult and adolescent pregnant women aged 16 to 40 years with a diagnosis of pica in the current pregnancy. Pica was diagnosed by a nutritionist in a standardized interview situation, when questions about the occurrence and frequency of pica, and types of substance ingestion were investigated. After signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF), all participants were evaluated by a nutritionist and seven of them were submitted to psychological assessment with standardized instruments to evaluate stress and anxiety, and to assess coping strategies. RESULTS: The type of pica most frequently reported was pagophagia (30.8%) and the consumption of fruit with salt (30.8%). The most prevalent coping strategies were "religious practice-focused" and "seeking social support", both presented by 42% of the pregnant women. We observed the occurrence of some degree of stress and anxiety in all pregnant women, as well as comorbidities (69.2%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (84.6%). CONCLUSION: Considering that pica may be associated with increased perinatal risk, it is very important to investigate this disorder during prenatal care, and to dopt obstetric, psychological and nutritional preventive practices to reduce the complications for mother and fetus.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Pica/psychology , Pregnancy Complications , Prenatal Care , Adult , Brazil , Female , Humans , Pica/prevention & control , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Social Support , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Resumo OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores nutricionais e psicológicos associados com a ocorrência da prática da picamalácia em gestantes atendidas em maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, de caráter exploratório, realizado com 13 gestantes (idades entre 16 e 40 anos) com diagnóstico de picamalácia na gestação atual identificada em entrevista padronizada na consulta com nutricionista que abordava questões sobre ocorrência e frequência do transtorno, além dos tipos de substâncias ingeridas. Após assinarem o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), todas as gestantes passaram por avaliação nutricional e, posteriormente, sete foram submetidas à avaliação psicológica com instrumentos padronizados para medida de ansiedade e estresse, além da avaliação de estratégias de enfrentamento (coping ) diante de estressores. RESULTADOS: As práticas de picamalácia mais referidas foram pagofagia (30,8%) e fruta com sal (30,8%). Observou-se ocorrência de algum grau de estresse e ansiedade em todas as gestantes com picamalácia, assim como alguma comorbidade (69,2%) e sintomatologia digestiva (84,6%). As estratégias decoping mais prevalentes foram "focada em práticas religiosas/pensamento fantasioso" e "busca de suporte social", ambas com 42%. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando que a picamalácia pode associar-se com maior risco perinatal, é fundamental que essa prática seja investigada durante o atendimento pré-natal e que ocorra a adoção de práticas preventivas obstétricas, psicológicas e nutricionais para reduzir complicações para a mãe e o concepto.
Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the nutritional and psychological factors associated with the occurrence of the practice of pica in pregnant women attending a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: The study was based on a descriptive design with exploratory features, and conducted on 13 adult and adolescent pregnant women aged 16 to 40 years with a diagnosis of pica in the current pregnancy. Pica was diagnosed by a nutritionist in a standardized interview situation, when questions about the occurrence and frequency of pica, and types of substance ingestion were investigated. After signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF), all participants were evaluated by a nutritionist and seven of them were submitted to psychological assessment with standardized instruments to evaluate stress and anxiety, and to assess coping strategies. RESULTS: The type of pica most frequently reported was pagophagia (30.8%) and the consumption of fruit with salt (30.8%). The most prevalent coping strategies were "religious practice-focused" and "seeking social support", both presented by 42% of the pregnant women. We observed the occurrence of some degree of stress and anxiety in all pregnant women, as well as comorbidities (69.2%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (84.6%). CONCLUSION: Considering that pica may be associated with increased perinatal risk, it is very important to investigate this disorder during prenatal care, and to dopt obstetric, psychological and nutritional preventive practices to reduce the complications for mother and fetus.
