"They think you're trying to get the drug": Qualitative investigation of chronic pain patients' health care experiences during the opioid overdose epidemic in Canada.

Background: The opioid overdose epidemic has led health care providers to increased vigilance for opioid-related risks in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Media have conveyed stigmatizing representations of opioid analgesics. Aims: This study aimed to understand how the opioid overdose epidemic has impacted health care experiences among people living with CNCP in two Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Quebec). Methods: This qualitative study proceeded through 22 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019. Participants were recruited from a cross-sectional survey examining the effects of the opioid overdose epidemic on individuals with CNCP. We collected in-depth narratives that we analyzed using a thematic framework. The sample included 12 women and 10 men aged 20 to 70 years, with 11 from each province. Results: Several participants described increased difficulty in accessing medical services for pain since the onset of the opioid overdose epidemic. They reported that some physicians urged them to taper opioids regardless of their pain severity and functional limitations. Some participants reported facing discrimination and care denials as they were labeled "drug-seeking," especially in hospital. Depending on their educational resources, they were unequally able to counter providers' stigmatizing behaviors. However, participants described empathetic relationships with providers with whom they had a long-term relationship. Some participants drew distinctions between themselves and the stigmatized status of "addict" in ways that reinforced stigma toward people who are dependent on opioids. Conclusions: Health policies and provider education programs aimed at reducing opioid-related stigma are needed to counter detrimental consequences of the opioid overdose epidemic for people living with CNCP.

Contexte: L'épidémie de surdose d'opioïdes a conduit les prestataires de soins de santé à une vigilance accrue des risques liés aux opioïdes dans le traitement de la douleur chronique non cancéreuse (DCNC). Les médias ont véhiculé des représentations stigmatisantes des analgésiques opioïdes.Objectifs: Cette étude visait à comprendre comment l'épidémie de surdose d'opioïdes a eu un impact sur les expériences avec les soins de santé des personnes vivant avec la DCNC dans deux provinces canadiennes (Colombie-Britannique, Québec).Méthodes: Cette étude qualitative a été réalisée au moyen de 22 entretiens semi-structurés menés en 2019. Les participants ont été recrutés à partir d'une enquête transversale examinant les effets de l'épidémie de surdose d'opioïdes sur les personnes atteintes de DCNC. Nous avons recueilli des récits approfondis que nous avons analysés en utilisant un cadre thématique. L'échantillon comprenait 12 femmes et 10 hommes âgés de 20 à 70 ans, parmi lesquels 11 provenaient de chacune des deux provinces.Résultats: Plusieurs participants ont décrit une difficulté accrue à avoir accès aux services médicaux pour la douleur depuis le début de l'épidémie de surdose d'opioïdes. Ils ont déclaré que certains médecins les avaient incités à réduire les opioïdes, quelle que soit la gravité de leur douleur et leurs limitations fonctionnelles. Certains participants ont déclaré être confrontés à de la discrimination et au refus de soins car ils ont été qualifiés de « chercheurs de drogue ¼, en particulier à l'hôpital. En fonction de leurs ressources éducatives, ils ont été inégalement capables de contrer les comportements stigmatisants des prestataires. Cependant, les participants ont décrit des relations d'empathie avec les prestataires avec lesquels ils avaient une relation à long terme. Certains participants ont établi des distinctions entre eux-mêmes et le statut stigmatisé de « toxicomane ¼ d'une manière qui renforce la stigmatisation des personnes dépendantes aux opioïdes.Conclusions: Les politiques de santé et les programmes d'éducation des prestataires visant à réduire la dépendance aux opioïdes et la stigmatisation liée aux opioïdes est nécessaire afin de contrer les conséquences néfastes de l'épidémie de surdose d'opioïdes pour les personnes vivant avec la DCNC.

Conversations About Opioids: Impact of the Opioid Overdose Epidemic on Social Interactions for People Who Live With Chronic Pain.

The objective of this study was to understand the impact of the opioid overdose epidemic on the social lives of people suffering from chronic pain, focusing on interactions within their personal and professional circles. The study was based on 22 in-depth interviews with people living with chronic pain in Canada. Using thematic analysis, we documented three main impacts of the opioid overdose epidemic: (a) increased worries of people in pain and their families regarding the dangers of opioids; (b) prejudices, stigma, and discrimination faced during conversations about opioids; and (c) stigma management attempts, which include self-advocacy and concealment of opioid use. This study represents important knowledge advancement on how people manage stigma and communicate about chronic disease during everyday life interactions. By showing negative effects of the epidemic's media coverage on the social experiences of people with chronic pain, we underscore needs for destigmatizing approaches in public communication regarding opioids.

Reclaiming Our Spirits: Development and Pilot Testing of a Health Promotion Intervention for Indigenous Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence.

Indigenous women are subjected to high rates of multiple forms of violence, including intimate partner violence (IPV), in the context of ongoing colonization and neo-colonization. Health promotion interventions for women who experience violence have not been tailored specifically for Indigenous women. Reclaiming Our Spirits (ROS) is a health promotion intervention designed for Indigenous women living in an urban context in Canada. In this paper, we describe the development of the intervention, results of a pilot study, and the revised subsequent intervention. Building on a theory-based health promotion intervention (iHEAL) showing promising results in feasibility studies, ROS was developed using a series of related approaches including (a) guidance from Indigenous women with research expertise specific to IPV and Indigenous women's experiences; (b) articulation of an Indigenous lens, including using Cree (one of the largest Indigenous language groups in North America) concepts to identify key aspects; and (c) interviews with Elders (n = 10) living in the study setting. Offered over 6-8 months, ROS consists of a Circle, led by an Indigenous Elder, and 1:1 visits with a Registered Nurse, focused on six areas for health promotion derived from previous research. Pilot testing with Indigenous women (n = 21) produced signs of improvement in most measures of health from pre- to post-intervention. Women found the pilot intervention acceptable and helpful but also offered valuable suggestions for improvement. A revised intervention, with greater structure within the Circle and nurses with stronger knowledge of Indigenous women's experience and community health, is currently undergoing testing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Acetaminophen toxicity with concomitant use of carbamazepine.

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic that can cause acute liver failure when consumed above a maximum daily dose. Certain patients may be at increased risk of hepatocellular damage even at conventional therapeutic doses. We report a case of a 34-year-old man on carbamazepine for complex partial seizures who developed acute liver and renal failure on less than 2.5 grams a day of acetaminophen. This raises caution that patients on carbamazepine should avoid chronic use of acetaminophen, and if required use at lower doses with vigilant monitoring for signs of liver damage.

Feasibility of epilepsy follow-up care through telemedicine: a pilot study on the patient's perspective.

PURPOSE: Cost analysis and patient satisfaction with telemedicine in epilepsy care. METHODS: This controlled study included out-of-town epilepsy patients coming to follow-up at the University of Alberta hospital epilepsy clinic. After an informed consent, patients were randomized to either conventional (n = 18) or telemedicine (n = 23) clinics. Patients or caregivers filled patient satisfaction and travel cost questionnaires in both alternatives. Cost per visit analysis included costs of traveling, lodging, and lost productivity. RESULTS: Average age of the population was 41 years (range 19-73; 45% women). Eighty-three percent of patients preferred their next visit through telemedicine. About 90% of patients indicated a need for companion travel (mainly by car) to conventional clinic. For the conventional group patients the value of lost productivity was CAD $201, hotel cost CAD $8.50, and the value of car mileage CAD $256.50, totaling about CAD $466.00. Patient costs for telemedicine were CAD $35.85. Telemedicine production costs are similar to the patients' savings in traveling and lost productivity. About 90% of patients in both groups were satisfied with the quality of the service. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine can play a role in follow-up care of epilepsy patients, reduce patient costs, and improve patient satisfaction. This is the first full-time epilepsy telemedicine clinic in Western Canada.