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1.
Salud ment ; 43(5): 201-208, Sep.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145101

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Self-perceived health (SPH) is related to disease and well-being. Psychiatrists report burnout and mental disorders more frequently than other physicians, while personality traits related to perfectionism may influence the perception of well-being and health in these professionals. Objective To compare and determine the association between demographic variables, health conditions, perceived distress, perfectionism, and SPH. Method A cross-sectional, retrospective, comparative study was performed through an online survey. Psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees who were willing and able to participate were included. Demographic variables and self-reports of mental and physical conditions were examined. SPH was rated on a 10-point visual analogue scale and perfectionism through the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Comparative analyses and multiple linear regression models were performed. Results Three hundred and thirty psychiatry trainees and 355 psychiatrists were recruited. Psychiatrists reported more physical conditions (32.4% vs. 15%, p < .001), distress (p < .001), and perfectionism (p < .001). Major depression and anxiety were present over 50% of all participants. A higher SPH was associated with being partnered and having higher distress levels in psychiatry trainees and with the absence of a physical health condition, less concern over errors, and higher personal standards in psychiatrists. Discussion and conclusion Self-oriented perfectionism may have a significant motivational component, accentuated by competitiveness and individualism. Being married and having higher levels of distress in psychiatry trainees appears to create a sense of satisfaction with achievements. The implementation of strategies to prioritize and meet goals is necessary to have an adequate work-life balance without affecting personal satisfaction or the sense of achievement.


Resumen Introducción La autopercepción de la salud (APS) se relaciona con enfermedad y bienestar. Los psiquiatras reportan desgaste emocional y trastornos mentales con mayor frecuencia que otros médicos. El perfeccionismo puede influir en la percepción de la salud en estos profesionistas. Objetivo Comparar y determinar la asociación de variables demográficas, condiciones de salud, distrés y perfeccionismo con la APS. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal, retrospectivo y comparativo mediante una encuesta en línea. Se incluyeron psiquiatras y residentes de psiquiatría que participaron voluntariamente. Se registraron variables demográficas, enfermedades médicas y psiquiátricas (autorreporte). La APS se evaluó con una escala análogo-visual de 10 puntos y el perfeccionismo con la Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo. Se realizaron análisis comparativos y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados Se reclutaron 330 residentes y 355 psiquiatras. Los psiquiatras reportaron más enfermedades físicas (32.4% vs. 15%, p < .001), distrés (p < .001) y perfeccionismo (p < .001). Más del 50% de los participantes reportaron ansiedad y depresión. Una mayor APS se asoció con tener pareja y mayor distrés en los residentes, y con la ausencia de una enfermedad física, menor preocupación por errores y mayores estándares personales en los psiquiatras. Discusión y conclusión El perfeccionismo orientado hacía sí mismo puede tener un componente motivacional acentuado por la competitividad y el individualismo. Tener una pareja y presentar mayor distrés en los residentes pudiera crear una sensación de satisfacción por logros. La creación de estrategias para priorizar y alcanzar objetivos es necesaria para tener un equilibrio de vida sin afectar la satisfacción personal y la sensación de logro.

2.
Gac Med Mex ; 149(6): 598-604, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24276181

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: High prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms has been observed in medical students. OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of depressive symptoms according to CES-D in students during their first year of medical education. METHODS: We evaluated 517 students in their first year of medical education with the following instruments: Centers for Epidemiology Studies for Depression Scale, State-Trait anxiety inventory, and stressors list. A linear regression analysis was carried out to evaluate variables predicting high CES-D scores. RESULTS: We observed that anxiety and depressive symptoms were more frequent in women, as well as stressors. Predictors of depression were state of anxiety, stressors, and low socioeconomic level. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to implement support measures for students who live with stress factors, suffering anxiety, or with a low socioeconomic level.


Subject(s)
Depression/epidemiology , Students, Medical , Adolescent , Female , Forecasting , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Young Adult
3.
J Psychiatry Neurosci ; 28(3): 191-6, 2003 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12790159

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the hypnotic effect of melatonin in patients with primary insomnia. METHOD: Ten patients (mean age 50 yr, range 30-72 yr) who met the DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia received, in random order, 0.3 mg of melatonin, 1.0 mg of melatonin or placebo 60 minutes before bedtime. A crossover design was used so that each patient received each of the 3 treatments for a 7-day period (with a 5-day washout period between). After each 7-day treatment, night time electroencephalographic (EEG) records were collected, and each morning, subjects completed sleep logs and analogue-visual scales to document the amount and subjective quality of sleep. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in sleep EEG, the amount or subjective quality of sleep or side effects between the placebo, 0.3-mg melatonin or 1.0-mg melatonin treatments. CONCLUSION: Melatonin did not produce any sleep benefit in this sample of patients with primary insomnia.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Cross-Over Studies , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Double-Blind Method , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polysomnography , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/diagnosis
6.
Salud ment ; 17(2): 7-15, abr.-jun. 1994.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-139971

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se revisan algunos aspectos generales del concepto de esquizofrenia que son relevantes para la investigación cientítifa en al ámbito biológico. Posteriormente se aborda cada una de la áreas específicas de los campos estudiados de la enfermedad. En genética se revisan las metodologías utilizadas para determinar los factores heredados del padecimiento y los hallazgos más relevantes hasta el momento. Se especifica la agregación familiar del padecimiento, la concordancia en gemelos monocigóticos, que es superior que en los dicigóticos, y la persistencia de dicha concordancia en los estudios de adopción. Finalmente, abordamos los resultados obtenidos por medio de técnicas de biología molecular. Se revisan las alteraciones estructurales encontradas en estudios in vivo, por medio de diversas técnicas de gabinete, tanto pasivas(neumoencefalografía), tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética) como dinámicas (SPECT, PET), para después describir la evidencia anatomopatológica de los cambios tisulares y celulares que se producen en los cerebros de pacientes esquizofrénicos. Se especifican los resultados obtenidos desde el punto de vista neurofisiológico, especialmente con potenciales evocados auditivos(P3). Se revisan someramente algunos aspectos relacionados con la neuroquímica del trastorno, especialmente la participación de los sistemas dopaminérgicos y serotoninérgicos. Se concluye que la esquizofrenia se acompaña de manifestaciones en casi todos los niveles en los que se ha investigado, pero hasta el momento, no se ha encontrado un eje integrador que permita conocer el mecanismo común de todos estos hallazgos


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Neurophysiology , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Genetics, Medical/methods , Neurochemistry/methods , Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
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