ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To review the management of advanced prostate cancer, including symptom management, hormonal therapy, and the use of chemotherapy. DATA SOURCES: Published articles and book chapters on advanced prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced prostate cancer is a common problem that has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Multiple complications may develop during the course of the disease. Treatment may include local and systemic approaches. Advances in disease treatment include hormonal therapies and chemotherapy. Additional research is needed to determine the optimal treatment for these men. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Patient education is crucial to the management of advanced prostate cancer in all practice settings. Early and prompt recognition of disease complications will enhance the patient's quality of life.
Subject(s)
Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Androgen Antagonists/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Disease Progression , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oncology Nursing , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Remission Induction , Secondary PreventionSubject(s)
Anemia, Hemolytic/complications , Foot Diseases/etiology , Foot Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Adult , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/metabolism , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Drug Monitoring/methods , Drug Monitoring/nursing , Humans , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Methotrexate/metabolism , Methotrexate/pharmacology , Oncology Nursing/methods , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Patient Selection , PremedicationSubject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Patient Discharge , Patient Education as Topic , Perioperative Care/methods , Perioperative Care/nursing , Prostatic Neoplasms/etiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/psychology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The majority of colon cancers are adenocarcinomas originating from colonic epithelial tissue. Most colon tumors originate in the left side of the colon. Right colon tumors grow into the bowel lumen. The cause of colon cancer is not known, but risk factors have been identified. The three most prevalent are age, diet and genetics. Consumption of large amounts of fat and animal products increases the risk for colon cancer. Diets high in fiber and low in fat may protect against colon cancer due to the mucosa's more brief exposure to potential carcinogens. To reduce colon cancer risk in your patients, provide dietary counseling to promote a diet high in fiber and vitamins A, C and E. The diet should be low in fat, alcohol and preserved food items. Screening can reduce mortality rates by promoting diagnosis of cancer at an earlier, more treatable stage, since mortality rates increase with disease stage. Begin colon cancer screening of all patients at age 40 with annual digital rectal exam (DRE). At age 50, order annual DRE and occult blood testing.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control , Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Mass Screening/methods , Primary Prevention/methods , Adenocarcinoma/classification , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Colonic Neoplasms/classification , Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diet, Fat-Restricted , Dietary Fiber , Humans , Middle Aged , Nurse PractitionersABSTRACT
Cancer of the pancreas is the fourth most common malignancy-induced cause of death in the United States. For patients with small primary tumors, surgery may produce long-term survival. However, because most patients are not diagnosed early, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be beneficial. Combined modality therapies are under investigation and may prolong survival.
Subject(s)
Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy , Cause of Death , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Pancreatectomy/methods , Pancreatectomy/nursing , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality , Survival Analysis , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Patients with pancreatic cancer have multiple symptoms from both disease and treatment. Pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, pruritus, and dyspnea are the most common symptoms. Until better treatments are found, patients with pancreatic cancer need effective symptom management to improve their quality of life.
