ABSTRACT
A previously healthy male patient had detectable monkeypox virus DNA in saliva 76 days after laboratory confirmation of infection. A comprehensive characterization of viral kinetics and a detailed follow-up indicated a declining risk for transmission during the weeks after monkeypox symptoms appeared.
Subject(s)
Mpox (monkeypox) , DNA, Viral , Disease Outbreaks , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis , Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology , Monkeypox virus/genetics , Sweden/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis with more than 650 suspected cases occurred in April 2016 in Sollentuna, Sweden. It originated in a school kitchen serving a total of 2,700 meals daily. Initial microbiological testing (for Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica, adeno-, astro-, noro-, rota- and sapovirus) of stool samples from 15 symptomatic cases was negative, despite a clinical presentation suggestive of calicivirus. Analyses of the findings from both the Sollentuna municipality environmental team and a web-based questionnaire suggested that the source of the outbreak was the salad buffet served on 20 April, although no specific food item could be identified. Subsequent electron microscopic examination of stool samples followed by whole genome sequencing revealed a variant of sapovirus genogroup V. The virus was not detected using standard PCR screening. This paper describes the epidemiological outbreak investigation and findings leading to the discovery.
Subject(s)
Caliciviridae Infections/diagnosis , Disease Outbreaks , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Sapovirus/isolation & purification , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Caliciviridae Infections/virology , Feces/virology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Humans , Male , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sapovirus/classification , Sapovirus/genetics , Schools , Sweden/epidemiologyABSTRACT
During an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Sweden when laboratory routine diagnostics failed to detect a causative agent, Sapporo virus was detected in stool specimens using electron microscopy (M.-P. Hergens, J. Nederby Öhd, E. Alm, H. Hervius Askling, S. Helgesson, M. Insulander, N. Lagerkvist, B. Svennungsson, M. Tihane, T. Tolfvenstam, P. Follin, unpublished data). Whole-genome sequencing revealed a Sapporo virus variant clustering with genogroup V.
