Subject(s)
Alphapapillomavirus/isolation & purification , Anal Canal/virology , Bisexuality , Carrier State/epidemiology , Homosexuality, Male , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Alphapapillomavirus/classification , Alphapapillomavirus/genetics , Anal Canal/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/virology , Carcinoma in Situ/epidemiology , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Carcinoma in Situ/virology , Carrier State/virology , Comorbidity , Genotype , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Papillomavirus Infections/transmission , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Prevalence , Risk , Sexual Behavior , Spain/epidemiology , Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology , Tumor Virus Infections/pathology , Tumor Virus Infections/transmission , Tumor Virus Infections/virology , Young AdultABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Urethritis/complications , Conjunctivitis/complications , Risk-Taking , Conjunctivitis/microbiology , Urethritis/microbiology , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Haemophilus parainfluenzae/isolation & purification , Paramyxoviridae Infections/complicationsSubject(s)
Brain/pathology , HIV Infections/complications , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/virology , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Brain/virology , HIV Infections/pathology , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/drug therapy , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of resistance of herpes simplex virus to acyclovir and foscarnet. PATIENTS AND METHOD: An in vitro susceptibility study of HSV strains isolated from HIV-infected and non-infected (control group) patients was conducted by means of qualitative screening. When the screening results were positive, the method for reducing cytopathic effect was utilized for calculating ID50. An ID50 < 1 microgram/ml indicated susceptibility to acyclovir, ID50 1-2 microgram/ml was intermediate susceptibility to acyclovir and a value of ID50 >/= 2 microgram/ml denoted resistance. Resistance to foscarnet was considered at ID50 >/= 100 microgram/ml. RESULTS: The study involved investigating 84 HSV strains, 49 HIV-infected patients, and 19 control patients. In the control group, no strains resistant to acyclovir were present and infection recurred in only one patient. In patients with HIV infection, one acyclovir resistant strain was detected and one moderately resistant to acyclovir, with good response to acyclovir treatment. In this group, 24.4% of patients presented recurrent infection. No resistance to foscarnet was detected. CONCLUSION: Percentage of HSV strains resistant to acyclovir is very low and resistance to foscarnet was not detected. These data suggest that routine in vitro susceptibility testing of antiviral drugs against HSV does not seem to be necessary.
Subject(s)
Acyclovir/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Viral , Foscarnet/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Foscarnet/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/complications , Herpes Simplex/complications , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Herpes Simplex/epidemiology , Herpes Simplex/microbiology , Humans , Recurrence , Simplexvirus/isolation & purification , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTOS. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la prevalencia de resistencias del virus herpes simple (VHS) a aciclovir y foscarnet. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO. Se realizó un estudio de sensibilidad in vitro a VHS aislados de pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y no infectados por el VIH (grupo control) mediante una prueba de cribado cualitativo. Cuando la prueba de cribado fue positiva se utilizó el método de reducción de efecto citopático para calcular la DI50. Se consideró sensibilidad al aciclovir a una DI50 < 1 g/ml; una sensibilidad intermedia al aciclovir, a una DI50 1-2 g/ml y resistente, a DI50 2 g/ml. Se consideró resistencia al foscarnet a DI50 100 g/ml. RESULTADOS. Se estudiaron 84 cepas de VHS de 49 pacientes con infección por el VIH y 19 de un grupo control. En el grupo control no existió ninguna cepa resistente al aciclovir y la infección sólo recurrió en un paciente. Los enfermos infectados por el VIH tuvieron una cepa resistente a aciclovir y una cepa moderadamente resistente a este fármaco, con una buena respuesta al tratamiento. En este grupo, el 24,4 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo recurrencia de la infección. No se detectaron resistencias al foscarnet. CONCLUSIONES. La tasa de VHS resistente al aciclovir es muy baja y no se detectó resistencia al foscarnet. La baja tasa de resistencia no justificaría la realización rutinaria de la prueba de sensibilidad in vitro de antivíricos frente al VHS (AU)
