Healthcare Assistance to COVID-19 Patient using Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Technologies.

The IoT can lead to disruptive healthcare innovation. Research articles on IoT in healthcare and COVID-19 pandemics are thus researched in order to discover the potential of this technology. This literature-based research may help professionals to explore solutions to associated issues and battle the COVID-19 epidemic. Using a process diagram, IoT's significant accomplishments were briefly evaluated. Then seven critical IoT technologies that look useful in healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic are identified and illustrated. Finally, in the COVID-19 Pandemic, potential fundamental IoT applications were identified for the medical industry with a short explanation. The present predicament has opened up a fresh avenue to creativity in our everyday lives. The Internet of Things is an up-and-coming technology that enhances and gives better solutions in the medical area, such as appropriate medical record-keeping, sample, device integration, and cause of sickness. IoT's sensor-based technology gives a remarkable ability to lower the danger of intervention in challenging circumstances and is helpful for the pandemic type COVID-19. In the sphere of medicine, IoT's emphasis is on helping to treat diverse COVID-19 situations accurately. It facilitates the work of the surgeon by reducing risks and enhancing overall performance. Using this technology, physicians may readily identify changes in the COVID-19's vital parameters. These information-based services provide new prospects for healthcare as they advance towards the ideal technique for an information system to adapt world-class outcomes by improving hospital treatment systems. Medical students may now be better taught and led in the future for the identification of sickness. Proper use of IoT may assist handle several medical difficulties such as speed, affordability, and complexity appropriately. It may simply be adapted to track patients' calorific intake and therapy with COVID-19 asthma, diabetes, and arthritis. In COVID-19 pandemic days, this digitally managed health management system may enhance the overall healthcare performance.

COVID-19 disease in peritoneal dialysis patients: a single centre experience from India.

BACKGROUND: This study presents our data on mortality in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) who developed COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sri Padmavathi Medical College Hospital, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences University, was designated the State COVID Hospital in March 2020. In a retrospective observational study, we collected the data of ESRD patients on PD and identified the risk factors for mortality. RESULTS: Prior to the pandemic, 136 patients with ESRD were on peritoneal dialysis at our Institute. Among them, 27 (19.8%) eventually developed COVID-19, and 14 of them (51.8%) died. Serum albumin levels were lower and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in deceased patients than in survivors. DISCUSSION: The mortality rate in ESRD patients on PD with COVID-19 at our institution was higher than in other published studies.

Elevation of gene expression of calcineurin, calmodulin and calsyntenin in oxidative stress induced PC12 cells.

In normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are used as important signaling molecules in the cell. However, in excess it causes the disruption of cell resulting in their death. Oxidative stress causes influx in intracellular calcium levels leading to higher concentrations of calcium in the cell. This accelerated calcium affects both the mitochondria and nuclei leading to excitotoxicity in neurons. Intracellular calcium levels are controlled by voltage dependent calcium channels located in the plasma membrane, calcium stores like endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum and majorly by calcium binding proteins. Our study was aimed at analyzing the gene expression of major calcium binding proteins namely calcineurin, calmodulin, calreticulin, synaptotagamin and calsyntenin in stress induced PC 12 cells. Rotenone (1 µM), Peroxynitrite (10 µM), H2O2 (100 µM) and High glucose (33 mM) were used to induce oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Results obtained from the study suggest that calcineurin, calmodulin and calsyntenin gene expression were enhanced compared to the control due to oxidative stress. However, synaptotagmin and calreticulin gene expression were down regulated. Further, Akt protein expression (stress marker) was enhanced in PC12 cells with all other stress inducers except in hyperglycemic condition.

Peroxynitrite-induced conformational changes in DNA that lead to cell death: UV, CD spectral, molecular dynamics simulation and FACS analysis.

Peroxynitrite is known to react with biomolecules leading to their structural and function alteration. Structural alteration in DNA induced by peroxynitrite is not clearly known. The current study was carried out to decipher the changes induced by peroxynitrite using UV-Vis spectra, circular dichrometry, molecular dynamics simulation followed by restriction digestion. Apoptotic markers Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase genes were also studied by FACS in peroxynitrite induced PC12 cells. The results obtained showed that PXN binds to DNA leading to hyperchromicity of DNA in the presence of PXN over a period of time and the same was established by In silico studies where PXN modifies the DNA to accommodate itself into the stacking and brings about the significant structural alterations. Further, FACS studies reveal that Bcl-2 gene expression was down regulated whereas BAXand caspase genes were up regulated compared to control concluding that PXN induces apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells.

Growth optimization, free radical scavenging and antibacterial potential of Chlorella sp. SRD3 extracts against clinical isolates.

AIM: The aim of present work was to explore the potential of Chlorella sp. SRD3 extracts for antioxidant and antibacterial activity along with the evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and haemolytic activity to detect RBC cell damage. METHODS AND RESULTS: Screening and isolation of microalgae was performed using bold basal medium under normal illuminance (at 27°C) and microscopic observation. Growth of the microalgae was optimized using a different medium and light source. The isolated microalgae incubated under fluorescent light when cultured in F/2 medium showed a highest dry biomass yield of 3·77 ± 0·1 g l-1 , when compared to the growth under direct sunlight (2·74 ± 0·07 g dwt l-1 ). The quantitative analysis of extracts revealed higher phenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in ethyl acetate and hexane extracts followed by methanol. The antioxidant activity of extracts was tested against 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS radical, its reducing power assay was performed. From antibacterial activity, the two extracts showed better inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria. Also, they resulted in very low MIC values with effective activity against pathogens. In haemolytic activity, no haemolysis occurred, when the concentration (µg ml-1 ) was below 64 for methanol and 32 for ethyl acetate extract. In addition, Chlorella sp. extracts were characterized by GC-MS analysis to detect the major compounds. CONCLUSION: The polar extracts revealed satisfactory results against the clinical isolates and the compounds responsible were reflected in the GC-MS spectrum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present study revealed significant biological potentials of the green alga, Chlorella sp. such as antioxidant, antibacterial and hemolytic activities. Therefore, this vital source might serve as a cost-effective, alternative choice to the pharmaceutical and food industries in the near future.

Plant growth promotion and chilli anthracnose disease suppression ability of rhizosphere soil actinobacteria.

AIM: The aim of this study was to screen potential plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) actinobacterial isolate with effective inhibition against anthracnose causing fungal pathogen Colletotrichum capsici. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, actinobacterias were isolated from rhizosphere soil using dilution plate method and tested for antagonistic potential against pathogenic fungi C. capsici. In primary and secondary screening tests, the actinobacterial isolate BS-26 displayed high antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen. Isolate BS-26 was identified as Streptomyces violaceoruber based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Furthermore, indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization and ammonia production have been confirmed in the S. violaceoruber that suggest their potential to be used as PGPR bacteria. A green house experiment showed that application of S. violaceoruber fermentation broth reduced the incidence of the chilli anthracnose and promoted the growth of chilli seedlings with a significant increase in germination %, total plant height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Streptomyces violaceoruber can be applied as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent for growing chillies against the attack of fungal pathogen C. capsici. SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The damage caused by anthracnose disease is an issue of concern, affecting negatively the economy involved in chilli cultivation. As chemical methods of control have serious disadvantages, biocontrol approach using beneficial (PGPR) micro-organisms shall be a better alternative to control crop diseases.

Genome-wide analysis and identification of genes related to expansin gene family in indica rice.

In this study, we carried out genome-wide analyses to explore expansin gene family in the genome of indica rice. Reference nucleotides were chosen as query sequences for searches in the indica rice genome database. Clones having genomic sequences similar to expansin were taken and converted to amino acid sequences. Putative sequences were subjected to PROSITE and Pfam databases, and 21 signature-sequences-related expansin gene family was obtained. The presence of transmembrane domains was also predicted for all 21 expansin proteins. A phylogenetic tree was generated from the alignments of the proteins sequences to examine the phylogenetic relationship of indica rice expansin proteins.