ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the OCT angiography findings of type 3 neovascularization. METHODS: Two cases (one each with retinal angiomatous proliferation and chorioretinal anastomosis) are reported, in which the conventional fundus fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings were inconclusive. RESULTS: OCT angiography demonstrated flow within the abnormal anastomotic network and delineated the extent of the lesion with respect to the retinal layers. CONCLUSION: OCT angiography enables a quick diagnosis of type 3 neovascularization by demonstrating a supranormal flow within the lesion and delineates the lesion within different retinal layers.
Subject(s)
Choroid/pathology , Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Retinal Neovascularization/diagnosis , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Adolescent , Choroid/blood supply , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To describe in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) features of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in immunocompetent adult patients. METHODS: Patients suspected clinically to be suffering from microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis (ie, presence of unilateral follicular and/or papillary conjunctivitis in conjunction with multifocal, coarse corneal epitheliopathy) were subjected to IVCM with the Rostock Cornea Module of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3, and combined potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white (KOH+CFW) staining of the corneal scrapings, to detect the microsporidial spores. Detection of spores in corneal scrapings was considered as being confirmatory for microsporidial infection. RESULTS: Of a total of 10 patients screened, 8 patients (7 male, 1 female) demonstrated the presence of oval, non-budding microsporidial spores which fluoresced bluish white on combined KOH+CFW staining. IVCM in seven of these eight patients demonstrated multiple rosette-like clusters/plaque of epithelial cells, within which hyper-reflective, pinpoint oval intracellular bodies (similar to the spores seen on microbiological staining) were present. One patient who had been on prolonged treatment with topical steroids showed the presence of the oval bright bodies scattered diffusely within the epithelial cells, without rosette formation. CONCLUSIONS: In microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis, IVCM is able to detect presence of bright, ovoid spore-like structures in the epithelial layers. Epithelial rosette formation is another characteristic feature seen in a majority of these patients. These features may be used as a reliable screening tool for starting therapy, precluding the need for corneal scrapings in a majority of patients.
