Impact of vitamin D deficiency on iron status in children with type I diabetes.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and anemia are both public health nutrition concerns. An association between VDD and anemia has been suggested in various healthy and diseased populations. The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of VDD on iron status in children with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study recruited two groups of children with T1DM: control group comprised of 38 T1DM children with sufficient vitamin D (> 30 ng/ml) and a case group, consisted of 52 T1DM children with VDD (< 20 ng/ml). Both groups had comparable gender, age, BMI, and disease duration. The laboratory measurements included analysis of blood indices, markers of iron metabolism, hepcidin and inflammatory markers included interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Compared to control group, T1DM children with VDD differs specifically in terms of some markers of blood indices, such as decreased hemoglobin and increased red blood cell distribution width. Moreover, decreased serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity and transferrin along with elevated inflammatory markers were observed in case group. Results of the study indicated that VDD had increased the risk of iron deficiency anemia in children with T1DM as well as inflammatory related anemia. Furthermore, in T1DM children, VDD had raised the incidence of both absolute and functional iron deficiency, with greater incidence of the former. This study may indicate that VDD may be a risk factor that may worsen iron deficiency anemia in T1DM.

miRNAs: novel noninvasive biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools in neonatal sepsis.

The study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of 3 specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in early-onset neonatal sepsis (NS). We examined miR-1, miR-124, and miR-34a in 70 NS patients upon admission and compared them to 70 healthy controls by RT-PCR. The main finding of the study was the difference in miRNA expression levels between NS patients and controls. Higher expression levels of miR-1 and miR-124 were significantly associated with NS, while miR-34a expression was reduced. Among the studied miRNAs, miR-34a exhibited the highest specificity (97%) as a confirmatory test for NS. In the multivariate model, miR-1 and miR-124 were found to be significant predictors of disease progression or mortality. Overall, the study suggests that miR-1, miR-124, and miR-34a could serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in early-onset NS.

PTEN rs701848 Polymorphism is Associated with Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer and Predicts Progression-free Survival.

BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab is an effective therapeutic approach for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (BC). However, a considerable number of patients develop resistance along the course of the disease. PTEN rs701848 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing cancer and have a potential role in predicting drug resistance. OBJECTIVE: We studied the significance of PTEN rs701848 variants as significant predictors for trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive metastatic BC patients. Therefore, considering their value in predicting clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted among female patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who underwent Trastuzumab therapy during the period from March 2017 to December 2020. PTEN rs701848 genotypes were analyzed in 160 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who received Trastuzumab therapy and clinically monitored for therapeutic response. RESULTS: PTEN rs701848 is deemed a significant predictor of Trastuzumab resistance and an independent prognostic factor of progression-free survival (PPFS). In particular, the C allele is associated with increased risk for Trastuzumab resistance and shorter PFS as compared to the homozygous TT genotype. CONCLUSION: PTEN rs701848 is significant predictor of trastuzumab resistance. Therefore, their value in predicting clinical outcomes is recommended.

Pomegranate Peel Extract Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation, Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits MAPK, JAK/STAT3, ß-Catenin/NOTCH, and SOCS3 Signaling.

Tumor resistance is typically blamed for the failure of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat cancer in clinic patients. To improve the cytotoxicity of tumor cells using radiation in conjunction with specific tumor-selective cytotoxic drugs is crucial. Pomegranate has received overwhelmingly positive feedback as a highly nutritious food for enhancing health and treating a variety of ailments. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects as well as mechanism of action of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and/or γ-radiation (6-Gy) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines HepG2. The findings of this study showed that PPE treatment of HepG2 cells considerably slowed the proliferation of cancer cells, and its combination with γ-irradiation potentiated this action. As a key player in tumor proliferation, and inflammatory cascade induction, the down-regulation of STAT3 following treatment of irradiated and non-irradiated HepG2 cells with PPE as recorded in the present work resulted in reduction of tumor growth, via modulating inflammatory response manifested by (down-regulation of TLR4 expression and NFKB level), suppressing survival markers expressed by reduction of JAK, NOTCH1, ß-catenin, SOCS3, and enhancing apoptosis (induction of tumor PPAR-γ and caspase-3) followed by changes in redox tone (expressed by increase in Nrf-2, SOD and catalase activities, and decrease in MDA concentration). In conclusion, PPE might possess a considerable therapeutic potential against HCC in addition to its capability to enhance response of HepG2 cells to gamma radiation.