ABSTRACT
Smoking-related diseases remain a significant public health concern, and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as a potential alternative to cigarettes. While several studies have confirmed that HTP aerosols contain lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) than cigarette smoke, less is known about constituents that are intrinsically higher in HTP aerosols. This study provides a comprehensive comparative assessment of an HTP aerosol produced with Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS) and comparator cigarette (CC) smoke aiming at identifying all unique or increased compounds in THS aerosol by applying a broad set of LC-MS and GC × GC-MS methods. To focus on differences due to heating versus burning tobacco, confounding factors were minimized by using the same tobacco in both test items and not adding flavorants. Of all analytical features, only 3.5%-corresponding to 31 distinctive compounds-were significantly more abundant in THS aerosol than in CC smoke. A notable subset of these compounds was identified as reaction products of glycerol. The only compound unique to THS aerosol was traced back to its presence in a non-tobacco material in the test item and not a direct product of heating tobacco. Our results demonstrate that heating a glycerol-containing tobacco substrate to the temperatures applied in THS does not introduce new compounds in the resulting aerosol compared to CC smoke which are detectable with the method portfolio applied in this study. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the chemical composition of HTP aerosols and their potential impact on human health.
Subject(s)
Cigarette Smoking , Tobacco Products , Humans , Heating , Glycerol , Aerosols/chemistryABSTRACT
Resumen La cirugía es el manejo recomendado para el bocio intratorácico y cerca de un 90 % de ellos pueden resecarse mediante cervicotomía. El bocio en el mediastino posterior ha sido manejado satisfactoriamente empleando diversos abordajes cervicotorácicos, existiendo poca información en la literatura acerca del uso de la videotoracoscopia como parte de estas técnicas combinadas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con un bocio intratorácico con extensión a mediastino posterior, en quien, dadas las características de la masa y su localización, sumado a las ventajas ampliamente conocidas de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, se decide remplazar la toracotomía y la esternotomía por la videotoracoscopia, permitiendo una buena exposición y disección segura del mediastino. Consideramos que la videotoracoscopia es una técnica segura y efectiva en casos seleccionados de pacientes con bocio con extensión a mediastino posterior.
Abstract Surgery is the recommended treatment for intrathoracic goiter. About 90 % of the lessons can be resected by cervicotomy. The posterior mediastinal goiter was been successfully managed using different cervico-thoracic approaches; however, there is little available information in the literature about the use of videothoracoscopy as part of these combined techniques. We present a case of a patient with a intrathoracic goiter extended to the posterior mediastinum, in which, given the characteristics of the mass and its location added to the widely known benefits of minimally invasive surgery, it was decided to replace thoracotomy and sternotomy with videothoracoscopy allowing good exposure and safe dissection of the mediastinum. We consider that videothoracoscopy is a safe and effective technique in selected cases of patients with goiter extending into the posterior mediastinum.
ABSTRACT
El prop¨®sito de este estudio fue investigar la presencia de Helicobacter pylori, realizar la caracterizaci¨®n del polimorfismo -31 del gen de la interleucina 1-¦Â humana y establecer si existe asociaci¨®n entre la presentaci¨®n de alguno de los genotipos y la severidad de las manifestaciones cl¨ªnicas en una poblaci¨®n colombiana. Se analizaron biopsias g¨¢stricas provenientes de 71 pacientes, mediante histopatolog¨ªa y m¨¦todos moleculares (PCR y PCR-RFLP). Los resultados mostraron que el 97,2% de los pacientes presentaba alteraciones de la mucosa g¨¢strica. La presencia de H. pylori se demostr¨® en 44 pacientes y la frecuencia de los genotipos de IL-1B: TT, CT y CC fue de 12,7%, 60,6% y 26,8% respectivamente. No se encontr¨® asociaci¨®n entre los genotipos de la regi¨®n polim¨®rfica -31 del gen IL-1B y el grado de alteraci¨®n de la mucosa g¨¢strica en la poblaci¨®n estudiada.
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Female , Genotype , Interleukin-1 , ColombiaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the usefulness of routine radiologic control after the insertion of a central venous catheter as a tool that might modify treatment of patients. METHODS: A prospective study was made of 149 patients submitted to central venous catheter insertion. RESULTS: In 55% of the patients the roentgenogram showed an adequate placement of the catheter tip and in 3.6% it showed some abnormal finding. Ten modifications were carried out based on the radiologic results. The prolonged partial thromboplastin time value and the subjective degree of difficulty showed a statistical relation to the appearance of complications. The number of punctures above one related to abnormal radiologic findings. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that routine chest radiology after the insertion of a central venous catheter is not always necessary and that it should be ordered selectively, according to the findings made during the procedure and the subjective degree of difficulty.
