Creativity During COVID-19: Evaluating an Online TimeSlips Storytelling Program for People Living With Dementia During Quarantine in Colombia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since its first implementation in 1998, evidence has been presented of the positive impact of the TimeSlips storytelling method for people with dementia in long-term care (LTC) settings. This article extends this evidence in important new directions: it is the longest TimeSlips study to date and the first to evaluate the feasibility of online delivery of the method (in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] quarantine) and the impact of this on the personhood, quality of life, and psychological well-being of Spanish-speaking participants in non-LTC settings in the Global South. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Trained facilitators provided weekly, 1-hr TimeSlips sessions via Zoom over 32 consecutive weeks to 8 participants with dementia. Semistructured interviews of participants and care partners were conducted within 1 week of the final intervention. Thematic analysis evaluated the resultant qualitative data. RESULTS: This online implementation of the TimeSlips creative expression (CE) method reinforced key facets of participants' personhood (self-expression and self-perception, which led in turn to increased care partner appreciation), had a positive impact on key domains of quality of life (mood, energy levels, and cognitive function), and stimulated a key aspect of psychological well-being (the formation and maintenance of social ties). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The online delivery of the TimeSlips method to participants who remain in their own homes is feasible and effective. Future research should compare the benefits of online versus face-to-face delivery of this CE method.

Effect of Dynamic Versus Stylet-Guided Intubation on First-Attempt Success in Difficult Airways Undergoing Glidescope Laryngoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation failure in patients with difficult airway is still not uncommon. While videolaryngoscopes such as the Glidescope offer better glottic vision due to an acute-angled blade, this advantage does not always lead to an increased success rate because successful insertion of the tube through the vocal cords may be the limiting factor. We hypothesize that combined use of Glidescope and fiberscope used only as a dynamic guide facilitates tracheal intubation compared to a conventional Glidescope technique with a preshaped nondynamic stylet. METHODS: One hundred sixty adult patients with predicted difficult airway were randomly assigned to a conventional Glidescope (standard Glidescope group) or a combined Glidescope + fiberscope group intubation. In the Glidescope + fiberscope group under direct vision from the Glidescope, tracheal intubation was performed using the fiberscope as a guide without using fiberoptic vision, while in the standard Glidescope group, a conventional stylet-guided intubation technique was performed. We evaluated the rate of tracheal intubation success at first attempt as the primary end point (Fisher exact test). The difference between groups in airway injury, time to successful intubation, and the need for an alternative technique was also evaluated. RESULTS: First-attempt intubation success was higher in the Glidescope + fiberscope group than in the standard Glidescope group (91% vs 67%; P = .0012; fragility index, 8; absolute risk reduction, 24% [95% CI, 12%-36%]). Median time to successful tracheal intubation was shorter in the Glidescope + fiberscope group (50 vs 64 seconds; P = .035). Airway injury rate was lower in the Glidescope + fiberscope group than in the standard Glidescope group (1% vs 11%; P = .035; fragility index, 1; absolute risk reduction, 10% [95% CI, 3%-18%]). Alternative rescue technique requirements to achieve tracheal intubation were higher in the standard Glidescope group (24% vs 4%; P < .001; fragility index, 7). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a dynamic, flexible guide during a Glidescope laryngoscopy in patients with a predicted difficult airway compared to a standard intubation technique improves first-attempt intubation success, decreases the incidence of airway injury and time to successful intubation, as well as the need of an alternative technique to succeed.

Caracterización de adolescentes gestantes escolarizadas en instituciones educativas públicas de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Characterization of pregnant adolescents attending public educational institutions in Bucaramanga, Colombia / Caracterização de adolescentes gestantes escolarizadas em instituições educacionais públicas de Bucaramanga, Colômbia

Resumen Introducción El embarazo adolescente ha demostrado un comportamiento descendente en los últimos años en Colombia. Sin embargo, las cifras actuales evidencian que prevalece como una problemática de salud pública. Materiales y Métodos Se desarrolló un diseño descriptivo transversal que permitió caracterizar 48 adolescentes gestantes que estudiaban en el año 2014 y primer semestre de 2015 en 22 instituciones educativas públicas de Bucaramanga. Para la recolección de información se utilizó un instrumento adaptado del instrumento de salud del adolescente propuesto por el Centro de Estudios Económicos de la Universidad de los Andes. Se realizó validez del instrumento mediante evaluación de expertos. Se aplicó además Genograma, Ecomapa y APGAR familiar. Resultados Los casos de embarazo adolescente se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en instituciones educativas ubicadas en la zona norte de la ciudad de Bucaramanga especialmente en la comuna 1. La mayoría de las adolescentes recibieron información sobre sistemas reproductivos y relaciones sexuales a una edad promedio de 12 años por parte de sus madres y docentes. Un 70,4% de las participantes considera que falta información sobre educación sexual en los colegios. Un 23% de las gestantes adolescentes refiere agresión física y 12,5% violación. Se encontró un fuerte apoyo social de la gestante adolescente dado por las familias así como debilidad en las redes de apoyo comunitarias. Discusión La mayoría de las características personales, del contexto, y de las familias coinciden con los reportes de la literatura. Conclusiones El embarazo adolescente es una problemática vigente en las instituciones educativas públicas de Bucaramanga y requiere acciones concretas para su prevención y abordaje integral.

Abstract Introduction Adolescent pregnancy rates have decreased over the last years in Colombia. However, current statistics reveal that it keeps being a health public issue. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize 48 pregnant adolescents studying in 2014 and the first semester of 2015 in 22 public educational institutions in Bucaramanga. An instrument adapted from the adolescent health instrument, which was proposed by the Center for Economic Studies at the Universidad de los Andes, was used to collect information. The instrument was validated through expert assessment. Genogram, eco-map and family Apgar score were also applied. Results Adolescent pregnancy cases were more frequent in educational institutions located in the northern part of Bucaramanga, especially in district 1. Most of the adolescents received information on reproduction systems and sexual relations at an average age of 12 from their mothers and teachers. 70.4% of the participants consider that there is a lack of information on sex education in schools. 23% of the pregnant adolescents reported physical aggression and 12.5% rape. There was strong social support to pregnant adolescents given by their families, as opposed to weaknesses found in the community support networks. Discussion Most personal, contextual and family characteristics coincide with literature reports. Conclusions Adolescent pregnancy is a current issue in public educational institutions in Bucaramanga that requires concrete actions for its prevention and comprehensive approach.

Resumo Introdução A gravidez adolescente já demonstrou um comportamento descendentes nos últimos anos na Colômbia. No entanto, as cifras atuais evidenciam sua prevalência como um problema de saúde pública. Materiais e Métodos Foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo transversal que permitiu caracterizar 48 adolescentes gestantes que estudavam no ano 2014 e primeiro semestre de 2015 em 22 instituições educacionais públicas de Bucaramanga. Para a compilação da informação, foi utilizado um instrumento adaptado do instrumento de saúde do adolescente proposto pelo Centro de Estudos Econômicos da Universidade de los Andes. O instrumento foi validado mediante a avaliação de peritos. Além disso, foi aplicado um Genograma, um Ecomapa e um APGAR familiar. Resultados Os casos de gravidez adolescente se verificaram com maior frequência em instituições educacionais situadas na zona norte da cidade de Bucaramanga especialmente na comuna 1. A maioria das adolescentes receberam informação sobre sistemas reprodutivos e relações sexuais a uma idade média de 12 anos por parte de suas mães e docentes. Um 70,4% das participantes considera que falta informação sobre educação sexual nos colégios. Um 23% das gestantes adolescentes relata agressão física e 12,5% estupro. Verificou-se um forte apoio social da gestante adolescente dado pelas famílias bem como a fraqueza nas redes de apoio comunitárias. Discussão A maioria das características pessoais, do contexto, e das famílias coincidem com as informações da literatura. Conclusões A gravidez adolescente é uma problemática vigorante nas instituições educacionais públicas de Bucaramanga e precisa de ações concretas para sua prevenção e abordagem integral.

Concepciones del embarazo en adolescentes gestantes de la ciudad de Bucaramanga / Concepções da gravidez em adolescentes grávidas na cidade de Bucaramanga / Conceptions on pregnancy in pregnant adolescents from the city of Bucaramanga

Introducción: el embarazo adolescente es una problemática que tiene consecuencias en la vida de las adolescentes y sus familias. Conocer las concepciones y representaciones que tienen las adolescentes gestantes es una herramienta fundamental para fortalecer la toma de decisiones y las redes de apoyo social. Objetivo: Identificar las concepciones sobre el embarazo, las características sociales, económicas y de redes de apoyo en un grupo de adolescentes gestantes de Bucaramanga. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo (estudio de caso) mediante las técnicas de grupo focal, observación participante y elaboración de diario de campo. Se incluyeron 15 participantes de las 100 adolescentes beneficiadas por el Programa Plan Padrino de la Secretaría de Salud y Ambiente de Bucaramanga durante el año 2014. Resultados: La mayoría de las participantes refirieron que, aunque el embarazo fue no deseado lo han aceptado y asumido con grandes cambios en sus vidas, especialmente la relación con sus amigos y con su familia. Identificaron como red de apoyo fundamental la familia. Discusión: Las concepciones sobre embarazo en las adolescentes coinciden con los estudios reportados en Colombia en el sentido que lo asumieron con responsabilidad, pero les representó un doble reto en especial para continuar con sus estudios. Conclusiones: Fortalecer la red de apoyo de las adolescentes en especial la relacionada con procesos educativos y de familia.

Introduction: pregnancy in adolescents is a problem that brings consequences to the lives of adolescent girls and their families. Knowing the conceptions and representations the pregnant adolescents have is a fundamental tool to enhance decision-making and social support networks. Objective: The work sought to identify conceptions about pregnancy, along with social, economic, and support network characteristics in a group of pregnant adolescents from Bucaramanga. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study (case study) was conducted through focal group techniques, participant observation, and elaboration of a field diary. The study included 15 participants of the 100 adolescent girls benefiting from the Plan Padrino program by the Health and Environment Secretary in Bucaramanga during 2014. Results: Most of the participants stated that, although the pregnancy was not desired, they have accepted and assumed it with big changes in their lives, especially the relationship with their friends and family. They identified the family as the fundamental support network. Discussion: The conceptions on pregnancy in adolescents coincide with studies reported in Colombia in the sense that they assumed it with responsibility, but posed a double challenge specifically related to continuing their studies. Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen the support network of the adolescent girls, especially that related to educational processes and family.

Introdução: a gravidez na adolescência é um problema que tem consequências na vida dos adolescentes e suas famílias. Conhecer as concepções e representações que têm as adolescentes grávidas é uma ferramenta fundamental para fortalecer a tomada de decisões e as redes de apoio social. Objetivo: Identificar as concepções sobre a gravidez, características sociais, econômicas e redes de apoio por um grupo de adolescentes grávidas em Bucaramanga. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo (estudo de caso) por meio da técnica de grupo focal, observação participante e elaboração de diário de campo. Foram incluídos 15 participantes das 100 adolescentes beneficiadas pelo Programa Plano Padrinho da Secretaria de Saúde e Ambiente de Bucaramanga durante o ano 2014. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes relataram que, embora a gravidez não fosse desejada, aceitaram e assumiram com grandes mudanças em suas vidas, especialmente a relação com seus amigos e com sua família. Identificaram como rede de apoio fundamental a família. Discussão: As concepções sobre gravidez nas adolescentes coincidem com os estudos relatados na Colômbia no sentido de que é assumido com responsabilidade, mas representou um duplo desafio especialmente para continuar seus estudos. Conclusões: Fortalecer a rede de apoio das adolescentes, especialmente a relacionada aos processos educativos e de família.

Vasodilatación mediada por flujo en niños con sobrepeso / Flow mediated vasodilation in overweight children

Introducción: El conocimiento actual sugiere que la enfermedad cardiovascular se origina y progresa desde la infancia y la adolescencia. La disfunción endotelial es un evento temprano y crucial en la aterosclerosis. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo que comparó la vasodilatación mediada por flujo (VMF) en niños con sobrepeso y niños de peso normal. Para medir la VMF se utilizó transductor adecuado de ultrasonido y el método estándar. Resultados: Ochenta y dos niños fueron incluidos; 49 eran casos (sobrepeso) y 33 controles. Los valores de VMF oscilaron entre -6 y 56% (promedio 11,1%) en niños con sobrepeso y de 0 a 29,6% (promedio 16,6%) en niños control (p < 0,05). Se presentó vasoconstricción paradójica en el 34,7% de los niños con sobrepeso y en ninguno de los controles (p < 0,05). Se encontró una asociación significativa entre vasoconstricción paradójica con obesidad central e hipertensión. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la VMF es menor en niños con sobrepeso en comparación con los niños eutróficos, por lo que es más probable que exista disfunción endotelial en ellos.

Introduction: Present knowledge suggests that cardiovascular disease originates and progresses from childhood and adolescence. Endothelial dysfunction is an early and crucial event in atherosclerosis. Patients and Method: Prospective study that compares Flow Mediated Vasodilation (FMV) in children with overweight (OWC) and normal weight children. An ultrasound transducer a standard method were used to measure FMD. Results: The study included 82 children, of whom 49 were cases (OWC) and 33 controls. FMV values ranged from -6 to 56% (x = 11.1%) in OW, and from 0 to 29.6% (x = 16.6%) in control children (P<.005). Paradoxical vasoconstriction was found in 34.7% in OWC as compared to nil in controls (P<.005). A significant association was found between vasoconstriction and central obesity and hypertension. Conclusion: The results of this study show that FMV is lower in obese compared to normal children; thus they are more likely to have endothelial dysfunction.

[Flow mediated vasodilation in overweight children]. / Vasodilatación mediada por flujo en niños con sobrepeso.

INTRODUCTION: Present knowledge suggests that cardiovascular disease originates and progresses from childhood and adolescence. Endothelial dysfunction is an early and crucial event in atherosclerosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective study that compares Flow Mediated Vasodilation (FMV) in children with overweight (OWC) and normal weight children. An ultrasound transducer a standard method were used to measure FMD. RESULTS: The study included 82 children, of whom 49 were cases (OWC) and 33 controls. FMV values ranged from -6 to 56% (x=11.1%) in OW, and from 0 to 29.6% (x=16.6%) in control children (P<.005). Paradoxical vasoconstriction was found in 34.7% in OWC as compared to nil in controls (P<.005). A significant association was found between vasoconstriction and central obesity and hypertension. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that FMV is lower in obese compared to normal children; thus they are more likely to have endothelial dysfunction.

Looking for biological factors to predict the risk of active cytomegalovirus infection in non-immunosuppressed critically ill patients.

The identification of non-immunosuppressed critically ill patients most at risk for developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is potentially of great clinical relevance. The current study was aimed at determining (i) whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes coding for chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), interleukin-10 IL-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) have an impact on the incidence rate of active CMV infection, (ii) whether serum levels of CMV-specific IgGs are associated with the risk of CMV reactivation, and (iii) whether detection of CMV DNA in saliva precedes that in the lower respiratory tract or the blood compartment. A total of 36 out of 78 patients (46%) developed an episode of active CMV infection. The incidence rate of active CMV infection was not significantly associated with any single nucleotide polymorphisms. A trend towards a lower incidence of active CMV infection (P = 0.06) was noted in patients harboring the IL10 C/C genotype. Patients carrying the CCR5 A/A genotype had high CMV DNA loads in tracheal aspirates. The serum levels of CMV IgGs did not differ significantly between patients with a subsequent episode of active CMV infection (median, 217 IU/mL) or without one (median, 494 IU/mL). Detection of CMV DNA in saliva did not usually precede that in plasma and/or tracheal aspirates. In summary, the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL10 and CCR5 genes might help to determine the risk of active CMV infection or the level of CMV replication within episodes, respectively, in non-immunosuppressed critically ill patients.

Evaluation of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T-cell immunity for the assessment of the risk of active CMV infection in non-immunosuppressed surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients.

The current study was designed to assess the predictive value of the evaluation of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T-cell immunity early following admission to the intensive care unit for inferring the risk of active CMV infection in non-immunosuppressed surgical and trauma patients. A total of 31 CMV-seropositive patients were included. Patients were screened for the presence of CMV DNA in plasma and in tracheal aspirates by real-time PCR. Enumeration of CMV pp65 and IE-1-specific IFN-γ CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells was performed by flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining. Virological and immunological monitoring was conducted once or twice a week. Active CMV infection occurred in 17 out of 31 patients. Undetectable levels of pp65 and IE-1-specific IFN-γ CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell subsets cells were observed in 10 patients who developed active CMV infection and in one who did not (at a median of 2 days following ICU admission). Peak CMV DNA loads in both tracheal aspirates and plasma were substantially higher (P = 0.018 and P = 0.091, respectively) in patients with undetectable IFN-γ T-cell responses than in patients with detectable responses. The expansion of both CMV-specific T-cell subsets following detection of active CMV infection was demonstrated in 9 out of 14 patients with active CMV infection. In conclusion, the evaluation of CMV pp65 and IE-1-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells early following ICU admission may allow the identification of patients most at risk of either having or developing an episode of active CMV infection, particularly those associated with high-level virus replication.

Coledocolitiasis y colangitis como complicación del uso de ceftriaxona en niños: reporte de caso / Choledocholithiasis and cholangitis as a complication of ceftriaxone in children: a case report

La ceftriaxona es ampliamente usada en pediatría debido a su espectro de acción, larga vida media y buena penetración en los sitios donde se asientan las infecciones más frecuentes. Es bien tolerada, aunque, con frecuencia, en niños que la reciben, se presenta barro biliar y pseudocolelitiasis. Esto se ve favorecido porque cerca del 40% del fármaco es eliminado por la bilis sin modificaciones, donde se comporta como un anión con alta afinidad por las sales de calcio. Resumen La mayoría de los casos cursan asintomáticos o mínimamente sintomáticos, y de resolución espontánea solo al suspender el uso del fármaco. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 4 años que recibe ceftriaxona durante 14 días por sinusitis, desarrollando al quinto día cálculos en la vesícula biliar que crecen hasta 11 mm y tardan 55 días en desaparecer; el día 34, presenta colecistitis, colangitis y coledocolitiasis que requieren manejo hospitalario.

Ceftriaxone is widely used in children because it has a great spectrum, long half-life and good penetration. Is generally well tolerated, although in children who receive the drug, it often presented pseudocolelitiasis and biliary sludge. This is favored because about 40% of the drug is eliminated unchanged in bile where it behaves as an anion with high affinity for calcium salts. Most cases present as asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic and spontaneous resolution, only when the drug is no longer taken. A case of a 4 year old girl who received ceftriaxone for 14 days for sinusitis and on day 5 develops gall bladder stones that grow to 11 mm and last 55 days to go away, the day 34 presents cholecystitis, cholangitis and choledocholithiasis requiring medical management to resolution.

Enfisema lobar congénito asociado con malformación adenomatoide quística tipo I: presentación de caso / Congenital lobar emphysema associated with cystic adenomatoid malformation type I: case report

Las anormalidades congénitas pulmonares constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones del desarrollo pulmonar, y muchas de ellas son asintomáticas; sin embargo, es importante conocerlas, pues deben entrar en el diagnóstico diferencial de aquellos pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria. Algunas de estas lesiones pueden coexistir, al punto de que el secuestro pulmonar puede presentarse con malformación adenomatoide quística tipo II en más del 50 de los casos. Aunque el diagnóstico definitivo para este tipo de lesiones es histológico, las imágenes desempeñan un papel importante para un acercamiento inicial. La historia natural de estas malformaciones pulmonares depende del tamaño de la masa pulmonar y el problema fisiológico que esta cause. La tomografía computarizada de multidetectores ha ampliado el conocimiento de la anatomía pulmonar y mejora la visualización del árbol traqueobronquial en la población pediátrica.

Potential cognitive endophenotypes in multigenerational families: segregating ADHD from a genetic isolate.

Endophenotypes are neurobiological markers cosegregating and associated with illness. These biomarkers represent a promising strategy to dissect ADHD biological causes. This study was aimed at contrasting the genetics of neuropsychological tasks for intelligence, attention, memory, visual-motor skills, and executive function in children from multigenerational and extended pedigrees that cluster ADHD in a genetic isolate. In a sample of 288 children and adolescents, 194 (67.4%) ADHD affected and 94 (32.6%) unaffected, a battery of neuropsychological tests was utilized to assess the association between genetic transmission and the ADHD phenotype. We found significant differences between affected and unaffected children in the WISC block design, PIQ and FSIQ, continuous vigilance, and visual-motor skills, and these variables exhibited a significant heritability. Given the association between these neuropsychological variables and ADHD, and also the high genetic component underlying their transmission in the studied pedigrees, we suggest that these variables be considered as potential cognitive endophenotypes suitable as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in future studies of linkage and association.

Prevalencia de disfagia en unidad decuidados especiales / Prevalence of dysphagia in a special care unit

Introducción: la disfagia, que se define como la dificultad para deglutir los alimentos, sepresenta a cualquier edad y puede tener un origen orgánico, cuando responde a alteracionesestructurales; o funcional, si altera la sinergia del mecanismo de la deglución. La disfagia debe ser diagnosticada lo antes posible y valorada por un especialista para poner en marcha técnicas dedeglución seguras y estrategias dietéticas y de alimentación adecuadas.Objetivo: identificar pacientes con trastornos de la deglución, en una unidad de cuidados especialesy caracterizar las causas directas de dichos trastorno.Sujetos y métodos: se evaluaron 31 pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados especialescon edades entre 18 y 88 años, 14 sujetos fueron de género masculino y 17 de género femenino. La metodología diseñada incluyó la toma de datos dela historia clínica sobre el diagnóstico y motivo de hospitalización y la aplicación de un instrumento para laevaluación de la deglución.Resultados: los diagnósticos de los pacientes evaluadosfueron: cáncer 29 %, ECV 12,9 %, EPOC 12,9 %,TEC 6,5 %. La prevalencia de la disfagia fue 35,5 %, y29 % tenían riesgo de bronco aspiración y requerían usode sonda para nutrición.Conclusiones: los indicios más frecuentes para detectarel trastorno en la deglución fueron dificultad en elmanejo de las propias secreciones, voz húmeda, latenciaen preparar el bolo y lentitud en la elevación laríngea.Los pacientes con mayor tiempo de estancia hospitalaria tuvieron ventilación mecánica prolongada y dificultadespara nutrición por vía oral.

Introduction: Dysphagia is defined as a difficulty to swallow food that can be either organic or functionalin origin. In the former case, it´s caused by tumors or structural alterations of congenital nature; in the lattercase, it affects the synergy of the swallowing process, andcan appear at any age. Dysphagia must be diagnosed as quickly as possible, and a specialist must assess itin order to implement safe swallowing techniques andappropriate dietetic and nutrition strategies.Objective: to identify the patients of a special care unitwho suffer from swallowing disorders and to characterizethe direct causes of such disorders by using the data recordedin their evaluation and clinical history.Subjects and methods: we assessed 31 patients from a special care unit (14 were male and 17 female) whoseages ranged from 18 to 88. Data regarding diagnosisand reasons for hospitalization were taken from the clinical history. Likewise, an instrument was used forswallowing assessment.Results: the diagnosis for the assessed patients was: Cancer: 29 %, CVD 12.9 %, COPD 12.9 %, TBI 6.5%. The prevalence of dysphagia was 35.5%, and 29 %of the subjects had risk of bronchoaspiration, thus requiringa catheter for feeding.Conclusions: the most frequent indications for the presenceof swallowing disorders were: difficulty to handleone’s own secretions, wet voice, delay in preparing thebolus, and slow laryngeal elevation. Patients with longerhospital stay had prolonged mechanical ventilation anddifficulty to feed orally.

[Utility of the Wender-Utah rating scale and the checklists for the diagnosis of familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Convergent and concurrent validities]. / Utilidad de la escala Wender-Utah y de las escalas de sintomas para el diagnostico del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad familiar en adultos. Validez convergente y concurrente.

INTRODUCTION: Standard questionnaires to characterize familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of adults have been studied in some studies. AIM: To observe convergent and concurrent validity of four standard rating scales to quantify the familial ADHD symptoms of adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample was constituted by the 392 adults; aged 18 through 84 years, belonging to 141 Antioquian families with multiple ADHD affected members, who fulfilled by self-report the Wender-Utah Rating Scale and the ADHD checklist; and, beside, answered a questionnaire asking for current and past ADHD symptoms, in a neurological interview. Correlation analyses were done. Sensitivity and specificity for ADHD diagnosis were also determined. RESULTS: Significant and over 0.6 correlations were observed between scales that explored past ADHD symptoms. Distant cut-off points for 90% sensitivity and specificity were observed for all questionnaires. The best LR+ (12.15) was found for the report of 5 or more past hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms; follow by the report of 7 or more past ADHD symptoms (6.92). CONCLUSIONS: Cut-off points should be taken with caution when these rating scales were used for adult ADHD screening. Psychometric properties do not allow using these scales as substitution of structured clinical interview for the gold standard ADHD diagnosis in adults.

Utilidad de la escala Wender-Utah y de las escalas de síntomas para el diagnóstico del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad familiar en adultos. Validez convergente y concurrente / Utility of the Wender-Utah Rating Scale and the checklists for the diagnosis of familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Convergent and concurrent validities

Introducción. El uso de los cuestionarios para caracterizar el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) familiar del adulto ha sido estudiado por múltiples autores. Objetivo. Observar la validez convergente y concurrente de cuatro instrumentos estandarizados para cuantificar los síntomas del TDAH familiar del adulto. Pacientes y métodos. La muestra estuvo constituida por los 392 adultos de 18 a 84 años de edad, pertenecientes a 141 familias antioqueñas con múltiples afectados de TDAH, quienes respondieron mediante autoinforme los cuestionarios retrospectivos de Wender-Utah y la lista de síntomas de TDAH; además, contestaron en la entrevista neurológica el cuestionario del número de síntomas de TDAH presentados en el pasado y los síntomas actuales. Se hizo análisis de correlación de las puntuaciones y se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad de los instrumentos para el diagnóstico de TDAH. Resultados. Se observaron correlaciones significativas y mayores de 0,6 entre los cuestionarios que exploraron síntomas de TDAH del pasado. Los cuestionarios tuvieron puntos de corte distantes para la sensibilidad y especificidad del 90%. La mejor razón de verosimilitud positiva (12,15) se encontró para el informe de cinco o más síntomas de hiperactividadimpulsividad en el pasado, seguido del informe de siete o más síntomas de TDAH en el pasado (6,92). Conclusiones. Para el uso de cualquiera de estos instrumentos en el rastreo de adultos con sospecha de TDAH, se debe ser cauteloso con los puntos de corte. El comportamiento psicométrico no permite su utilización en reemplazo de la entrevista estructurada como técnica de referencia del diagnóstico de TDAH del adulto (AU)

Introduction. Standard questionnaires to characterize familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of adults have been studied in some studies. Aim. To observe convergent and concurrent validity of four standard rating scales to quantify the familial ADHD symptoms of adults. Patients and methods. The sample was constituted by the 392 adults; aged 18 through 84 years, belonging to 141 Antioquian families with multiple ADHD affected members, who fulfilled by self-report the Wender-Utah Rating Scale and the ADHD checklist; and, beside, answered a questionnaire asking for current and past ADHD symptoms, in a neurological interview. Correlation analyses were done. Sensitivity and specificity for ADHD diagnosis were also determined. Results. Significant and over 0.6 correlations were observed between scales that explored past ADHD symptoms. Distant cut-off points for 90% sensitivity and specificity were observed for all questionnaires. The best LR+ (12.15) was found for the report of 5 or more past hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms; follow by the report of 7 or more past ADHD symptoms (6.92). Conclusions. Cut-off points should be taken with caution when these rating scales were used for adult ADHD screening. Psychometric properties do not allow using these scales as substitution of structured clinical interview for the gold standard ADHD diagnosis in adults (AU)

Trastorno específico del desarrollo del lenguaje en una población infantil colombiana / Specific language impairment in a colombian children sample

En el Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia fueron evaluados 204 niños entre los 6-16 años de edad con problemas del habla y del lenguaje. 51 cumplieron los criterios de trastorno específico en el desarrollo del lenguaje (TEDL). Al grupo TEDL, se le realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica y lingüística y se compararon con un grupo control de niños asintomáticos. Al comparar con el grupo control, el grupo con TEDL presentó diferencias significativas en: pruebas de comprensión, en especial para estructuras morfosintácticas complejas y frases elaboradas; pruebas de expresión verbal sobre todo en la formulación de oraciones; pruebas de repetición de palabras sin sentido, errores en la denominación y marcadas desventajas en pruebas de lectura y escritura.

The Neuroscience Group of Antioquia evaluated two hundred and fourchildren from 6 to 16 years old with speech and language problems and 51of them meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria for Specific LanguageImpairment (SLI). The SLI group underwent a neuropsychological andlinguistic test to compare their cognitive and linguistic skills with a control group of asymptomatic children. When compared to the control group,SLI children showed significant differences in comprehension tests, particularly in complex morphosyntactic structures and elaborated sentences; in verbal expression, especially formulated sentences; repetition test ofnon-sense words; naming errors and marked disadvantages in readingwritingsub-tests.

Absceso tubo-ovárico de origen tuberculoso en el paciente pediátrico: reporte de un caso / Tubo-ovarian abscess of tuberculous origin in the pediatric patient: a case report

En este artículo se reporta un caso de un absceso tubo-ovárico bilateral de origen tuberculoso en una adolescente de 13 años de edad. este caso es relevante, ya que la tuberculosis pélvica una manifestación infrecuente de la enfermedad en niños. su diagnóstico no es fácil, debido a que esta entidad puede semejar clínica y radiológicamente un tumor ovárico y cursar con aumento de las concentraciones de antígeno cancerígeno 125 en ausencia de malignidad. los factores epidemiológicos, la resonancia magnética y la tomografía computada pueden ser útiles en su diferenciación. se debe considerar absceso tubo-ovárico en toda paciente con dolor abdominal y masa anexial, independientemente de su actividad sexual.

Síndrome de moya-moya: diagnóstico mediante resonancia magnética

Presentamos un caso de Síndrome de Moya-Moya diagnosticado mediante estudio de Angio-resonancia Magnetica en un paciente de 8 años (8) de edad con diagnóstico de síndrome de Seckel, y déficit neurológico progrsivo de varios años de evolución, caracterizado por hemiparesia izquierda, limitación para la marcha y microcefalia. Los estudios imaginológicos previos incluían una tomografía axial computadorizada (TAC), la cual mostraba numerosos infartos en diversos estadios, que no afectaban un territorio vascular en particular. El estudio de Angio-Resonancia Magnética (ARM) realizado en un equipo Siemens Visión de 1,5 tesla, además de conformar los hallazgos de la TAC, mostró imágenes caracteristicas del Síndrome de Moya-Moya, presentándose así como el primer informe referente a la presencia de este síndrome en Colombia