ABSTRACT
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the commonest oral malignancy.The overall 5 year survival of OSCC has remained at 50%, largely unchanged for 40 years. CSCs are important within the development, invasion, drug resistance, and prediction of carcinomas treatment outcome. ALDH1 and CD44 are commonly used epithelial tumors cancer stem-like cells surface markers. Materials: Our study aimed to judge CD44 and ALDH1 immunohistochemical expressions in 44 cases of OSCC and relates the expression to patients' survival. Results: High CD44 & ALDH1 expressions were significantly expressed in variable histologic grades of OSCCs, large sized carcinomas, presence lymph vascular invasion, presence of nodal and distant metastasis, advanced TNM clinical stage, recurrence and death during follow up period (P ≤ 0.05). Reduced DFS and three years overall survival were significantly recorded in cases with high CD44 expression, and high ALDH1 expression (p < 0.05). CD44 & ALDH1 expressions, histologic grade, tumor size were the independent predictors of DFS and three years OS. Conclusion: CD44 and ALDH1 expressions are valuable prognostic factors in OSCC and could be well considered predictors for patients' 3 years OS and DFS.
Subject(s)
Mouth Neoplasms , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family , Biomarkers, Tumor , Humans , Neoplastic Stem Cells , PrognosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to treatment is one of the main challenges to symptom control and preventing recurrence in bipolar disorder (BD). Numerous studies have established an association between patients' poor adherence and an increased risk of recurrence, relapse of the symptoms and admission to hospital. AIM: To study the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with medication nonadherence in patients with BD who were admitted to the hospital. SETTING: The study was conducted at the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University. METHODS: A 1-year longitudinal prospective study of 110 patients, aged 18-60 years, with BD-I. Young Mania Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Global Assessment of Functioning, Sheehan Disability Scale and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire were applied before and 6 months after discharge. Adherence was measured using the Morisky 8-Item Medication Adherence Scale. Sociodemographic data and level of functioning were studied in relation to adherence. RESULTS: Higher adherence was noticed in female, married and older patients and those with a higher level of education. However, low adherence was more common in male, non-married and less educated patients. Follow-up after 6 months revealed that the high adherence group scored the lowest in terms of disability. Meanwhile, the low adherence group scored the highest scores in disability. CONCLUSION: Several socio-demographic and clinical variables were found to be associated with a low adherence rate to the prescribed medication in patients with BD-I. Age and impaired insight were found to be significant predictive factors for non-adherence.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The link between types and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and trait emotional intelligence (TEI) is still underinvestigated, especially in children. We aimed to examine the relationship between TEI and ADHD symptoms in a sample of Egyptian children. METHOD: The study included 50 children with ADHD, who were compared on the basis of their TEI and contrasted with 25 matched healthy controls. They were subjected to the Arabic version of the following scales: Connors scale 3rd edition, parent rating form, Kiddie-Schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Stanford Binet intelligence scale, 4th edition and Trait Emotional Intelligence Child form (TEI) and a semistructured clinical data sheet for sociodemographic data. RESULTS: Using TEI scale, the control group was shown to have higher scores in TEI than cases, there was a high significant difference with regards to eight of nine TEI facets together with the TEI global score. Moreover, the control group significantly outperformed ADHD children with mixed and hyperactive subtypes on TEI global score in all facets except for adaptability. Meanwhile, the inattentive group performed significantly poorer than those in the control group on TEI global score, adaptability, emotional expression, self-motivation and emotion regulation facets. Trait Emotional Intelligence was negatively correlated with four of ADHD symptom groups assessed by Connors test, namely; impulsivity, cognitive, social problem, and emotional liability symptoms. However, Impulsivity was negatively correlated with all the domains of TEI except for adaptability and emotional expression. On the other hand, oppositional symptoms did not show a significant correlation with any of the TEI facets. CONCLUSIONS: Trait emotional intelligence is highly impaired in children with ADHD and emotional deficits are corner stone features of that disorder, low impulsivity facet of TEI is highly correlated with social problems and poor peer relations.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Existing standardized diagnostic interviews are not used by psychiatrists in clinical settings. There is an urgent need for a clinician-administered tool for assessment of adult psychopathology that produces dimensional measures, in addition to categorical diagnoses. METHODS: The Standard for Clinicians' Interview in Psychiatry (SCIP) was designed to be used in clinical settings and generates dimensional measures. The reliability of the SCIP was tested at six sites: one hospital and two clinics in USA, two hospitals in Egypt and one clinic in Canada. Participants were adult patients who were admitted for inpatient psychiatric treatment or came for regular office visits in the outpatient clinic. Refusal rate was <1%. Missing data were <1.1%. Patients with dementia, mental retardation or serious medical conditions were excluded. A total of 1,004 subjects were interviewed between 2000 and 2012. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability (Kappa) was measured for 150 SCIP items: 116 items (77.3%) had good reliability (Kappa>0.7), 28 items (18.7%) had fair reliability (Kappa ranges from 0.5 to 0.7) and six items (4%) had poor reliability (Kappa<0.5). Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was measured for the SCIP dimensions: anxiety, posttraumatic stress, depression, mania, hallucinations, Schneider first-rank symptoms, delusions, disorganized thoughts, disorganized behavior, negative symptoms, alcohol addiction, drug addiction, attention and hyperactivity. All of the SCIP dimensions had substantial Cronbach's alpha values (>0.7) with the exception of disorganized thoughts (Cronbach's alpha=0.375). CONCLUSIONS: The SCIP is a reliable tool for assessing psychological symptoms, signs and dimensions of the main psychiatric diagnoses.
