ABSTRACT
There is growing evidence to support new modes of transmission for human monkeypox infection. As these methods are being explored, this report delineates the day-to-day clinical sequelae following the initial exposure in an HIV-positive man who had sexual intercourse with another man days preceding his infection. We describe atypical cutaneous manifestations involving widespread erythematous pustules with preceding anogenital ulcerations and concomitant bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Clinicopathologic correlation is used to assist in the workup and establishing the diagnosis. Our case supports others reported in the literature that suggest sexual contact as a means of transmission. More research is needed that investigates the presence of infection in both men and women, including those who could act as carriers, to elucidate other pathways in this evolving yet evasive viral disease.
Subject(s)
Mpox (monkeypox) , Humans , Male , Mpox (monkeypox)/pathology , Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis , Adult , Lymphadenopathy/pathology , HIV Infections/complicationsSubject(s)
Dermatitis , Relapsing Fever , Humans , Bleomycin , Arthralgia/diagnosis , Arthralgia/etiology , Erythema/diagnosis , Erythema/etiologyABSTRACT
Tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE), a subtype of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE), presents with firm erythematous plaques that lack surface changes such as follicular plugging or scale. These lesions most commonly occur on the face and other photosensitive areas but may also present on the scalp as recurrent circumscribed patches of non-cicatricial alopecia. Including TLE as part of the differential for non-cicatricial alopecia can prove helpful in patients who fail to improve with empiric first-line treatments for more common causes of hair loss. We report a case of TLE that clinically mimicked alopecia areata and seek to highlight the relevant clinical and histological features to promote earlier diagnosis of this entity. A discussion of improved diagnostic and treatment modalities, as well as identifying the uncommon but possible association of TLE with underlying systemic disease, adds to the importance of maintaining clinical suspicion for TLE. Finally, we provide an overview to discriminate TLE from other forms of cutaneous lupus and their unique patterns of alopecia when presenting on the scalp.
Subject(s)
Darier Disease/pathology , Hypopigmentation/pathology , Nails, Malformed/pathology , Administration, Topical , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adult , Black or African American , Biopsy, Needle , Darier Disease/diagnosis , Darier Disease/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hypopigmentation/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Nails, Malformed/diagnosis , Rare Diseases , Retinoids/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Darier Disease/drug therapy , Darier Disease/pathology , Hypopigmentation/pathology , Nails, Malformed/diagnosis , Administration, Topical , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adult , Black or African American , Biopsy, Needle , Darier Disease/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Hypopigmentation/diagnosis , Hypopigmentation/drug therapy , Immunohistochemistry , Nails, Malformed/drug therapy , Nails, Malformed/pathology , Rare Diseases , Retinoids/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a transmembrane receptor expressed by multiple tissues, including skin, with rapidly expanding knowledge regarding its roles. In the skin, PAR2 has extensively documented effects in promoting Th2 inflammation and pruritus; and its role in atopic dermatitis continues to be thoroughly studied. Numerous new investigations have shown a more complex range of activities potentially related to dermatologic diseases. Goal of this review is to outline emerging effects of PAR2 activation in the skin other than those related to immunologic and pruritic functions. Specifically, this work seeks to summarize current knowledge (and gaps) of PAR2 as a regulator of epidermal barrier, keratinocyte differentiation, cutaneous tumorigenesis and pigmentation. Additional focus will be placed on possible involvement in dermatologic disease and emergence as a therapeutic target.
