Case report: remedial microdissection testicular sperm extraction after onco-microdissection testicular sperm extraction failure.

BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer (TC) mostly occurs in men aged 14 to 44. Studies have shown that TC seriously damages male fertility, and 6% to 24% of patients with TC were even found to suffer from azoospermia when they are diagnosed. At present, some studies have pointed out that onco-microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) can extract sperm from tumor testicles. However, there are almost no reports on remedial measures after onco-mTESE failure. Given the valuable opportunity for fertility preservation in patients with TC and azoospermia, it is necessary to provide effective remedial methods for patients with failed onco-mTESE. METHODS: Two young men, who were diagnosed with TC and also found to have azoospermia, tried onco-mTESE while undergoing radical orchiectomy for fertility preservation. However, sperm extraction failed in both patients. Subsequently, the isolated testicular tissue of the patient in case 1 suffered from TC again, and the patient in case 2 was scheduled to receive multiple cycles of gonadotoxic chemotherapy. Because both had a plan to have a birth in the future, we performed remedial mTESE. RESULTS: Sperm was successfully extracted from both patients. The patient recovered well, without complications. The patient couple in case 1 underwent 1 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle but did not achieve clinical pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: There is still an opportunity to extract sperm successfully using onco-mTESE, despite the difficulty of fertility preservation in TC patients with azoospermia. If sperm extraction from the tumor testis fails, implementing remedial mTESE as early as possible would likely preserve the last chance of fertility for these patients.

A Prediction Model of Sperm Retrieval in Males with Idiopathic Non-obstructive Azoospermia for Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction.

Patients with Idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (iNOA) can achieve fertility by extracting testicular sperm through microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE). But more than half of iNOA patients still cannot benefit from mTESE. In recent years, some studies had reported that serum hormones may be related to the outcome of sperm retrieval, but few had been verified. We hope to obtain a predictive method that is convenient for clinical application and can help judge the outcome of sperm extraction before implementing mTESE. We performed a retrospective analysis of NOA patients who underwent mTESE in the same andrology center from June 2020 to November 2022. A total of 261 patients with complete data were collected, logistic regression analysis was performed and a predictive model was constructed. Then, from December 2022 to May 2023, one prospective cohort of 48 NOA patients who met the inclusion criteria from the same center was recruited to validate the risk prediction model. We successfully constructed a logistic regression model to predict the outcome of iNOA patients undergoing mTESE and found that higher serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were associated with failure sperm retrieval, resulting in an AMH cut-off of 2.60 ng/ml. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.811, the sensitivity was 0.870, and the specificity was 0.705. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the threshold probability was above 4%, and unnecessary mTESE could be reduced using this model. In a prospective cohort at the same center, 85.42% (41/48) of iNOA patients correctly identified the mTESE outcome using this model. A logistic regression model with AMH as an independent predictor can predict mTESE outcomes in iNOA patients. Preoperative selection of mTESE in patients with iNOA using this model had clinical benefit in reducing unnecessary surgery. The model demonstrated good accuracy in a small prospective cohort validation.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of chili pepper fruits provides new insight into the regulation of the branched chain esters and capsaicin biosynthesis.

Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the world's most popular vegetables and spices. Aroma is an important quality indicator of pepper, but the nature of the related volatiles is still not clear. In this study, we investigated the fruit of two pepper varieties, one with strong fruity aroma 'CC' Capsicum chinense and one without 'TJ' Capsicum annuum at four different developmental stages using transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that the content of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) was higher in TJ than in CC and was higher in the young fruit stage in both varieties. GLVs content was positively correlated with the expression of 13-LOX1, 2, 5 and HPL. But the levels of branched-chain (BC) esters and capsaicin were higher in CC, and were positively correlated with the expression of IMPS4 and DADH1. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism of aroma biosynthesis in pepper and provide a theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of high-quality pepper fruits.

A Novel Stereotactic Aspiration Technique for Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery is effective and recommended for treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage; however, neurosurgeons in grass-root hospitals in underdeveloped countries lack effective and precise minimally invasive surgery techniques. The aim of this study was to present a technique of computed tomography angiography-based three-dimensional-printed navigation mold-guided stereotactic aspiration and demonstrate its clinical application using a hard needle in a series of patients. METHODS: The novel stereotactic aspiration technique was performed in 18 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at our center, and clinical outcomes were reported. We compared the volume of hematoma measured by 3 different methods: ABC/2 formula, manual segmentation with OsiriX, and manual segmentation with 3D Slicer. RESULTS: The surgery was completed safely within an average operative time of 15.11 minutes, achieving the goal of <15 mL residual clot volume or >70% clot removal in all patients. No intracranial rebleeding or infection was observed postoperatively. At the end of the 6-month follow-up, 61.11% (11/18) of patients achieved a modified Rankin Scale score <3. There was overall better agreement of hematoma measurement using segmentation with 3D Slicer rather than ABC/2 measurement or hematoma measurement using segmentation with OsiriX. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel method of stereotactic aspiration benefited patients in this study with good percent clot removal, few surgery-related complications, and a favorable prognosis. Manual segmentation with 3D Slicer could be used to provide the neurosurgeon with dependable information about hematoma volume. This cheap and convenient technique may be applied in grass-root hospitals in underdeveloped countries. Assessment in multicenter prospective clinical trials is needed.

Research progress in the effects of parent child separation on depression among left behind children / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Compared with normal children, leftbehind children who experience parent child separation receive less care and attention from their parents, and are more likely to have cognitive and behavioral adaptation problems, thus leading to an elevated risk of depression. The study systematically examines the effects of parent child separation type, separation duration and separation age on depression among left-behind children. Attachment theory, interpersonal relationship, theory attribution theory and behavior theory have been used to explain how parentchild separation influences depression among left-behind children, so as to provide reference for relevant research and mental health education for left-behind children.

Comparative study of the inflammatory factor in patients with COPD in different traditional Chinese medicine syndrome / 中国医师杂志

Objective:The changes of serum inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types were compared, and the characteristics and significance of inflammatory factors in COPD were discussed from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine.Methods:A total of 100 patients with COPD who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 2021 to September 2022 were selected and divided into phlegm turbation obstructing lung group ( n=50) and lung and kidney qi deficiency group ( n=50) according to TCM syndrome types. Twenty healthy subjects in the same period were selected as control group. Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory factors were compared in each group. Results:The MCP-1, IL-6, ESR, CRP, white blood cell count (WBC) and procalcitonin (PCT) of COPD patients in phlegm turbation obstructing lung group were significantly higher than those in lung and kidney qi deficiency group (all P<0.05). The WBC, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-6, ESR and CRP of COPD patients in the lung and kidney qi deficiency group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). In the phlegm turbation obstructing lung group, the MIP-1α, MCP-1, IL-6, ESR, CRP, WBC, and PCT were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients with COPD have inflammatory reactions, and the inflammatory reactions of patients with phlegm turbation obstructing lung syndrome are more obvious than those with lung and kidney qi deficiency syndrome. The inflammatory factors MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-6, ESR, CRP, WBC, PCT and other indicators could be used to judge the degree of COPD inflammation, which had certain clinical guiding significance for different syndrome types of COPD patients.

Inhibition of glutaminolysis alleviates myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotensin II / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of glutaminolysis of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in hypertension-induced myocardial fibrosis. C57BL/6J mice were administered with a chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II, 1.6 mg/kg per d) with a micro-osmotic pump to induce myocardial fibrosis. Masson staining was used to evaluate myocardial fibrosis. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with BPTES (12.5 mg/kg), a glutaminase 1 (GLS1)-specific inhibitor, to inhibit glutaminolysis simultaneously. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect protein expression levels of GLS1, Collagen I and Collagen III in cardiac tissue. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat CFs were treated with 4 mmol/L glutamine (Gln) or BPTES (5 μmol/L) with or without Ang II (0.4 μmol/L) stimulation. The CFs were also treated with 2 mmol/L α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) under the stimulation of Ang II and BPTES. Wound healing test and CCK-8 were used to detect CFs migration and proliferation respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of GLS1, Collagen I and Collagen III. The results showed that blood pressure, heart weight and myocardial fibrosis were increased in Ang II-treated mice, and GLS1 expression in cardiac tissue was also significantly up-regulated. Gln significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, mRNA and protein expression of GLS1, Collagen I and Collagen III in the CFs with or without Ang II stimulation, whereas BPTES significantly decreased the above indices in the CFs. α-KG supplementation reversed the inhibitory effect of BPTES on the CFs under Ang II stimulation. Furthermore, in vivo intraperitoneal injection of BPTES alleviated cardiac fibrosis of Ang II-treated mice. In conclusion, glutaminolysis plays an important role in the process of cardiac fibrosis induced by Ang II. Targeted inhibition of glutaminolysis may be a new strategy for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.

Targeted Approaches to HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Current Practice and Future Directions.

HER2-low breast cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis, making the development of more suitable treatment an unmet clinical need. While chemotherapy is the main method of treatment for HER2-low BC, not all patients benefit from it. Antineoplastic therapy without chemotherapy has shown promise in clinical trials and is being explored further. As quantitative detection techniques become more advanced, they assist in better defining the expression level of HER2 and in guiding the development of targeted therapies, which include directly targeting HER2 receptors on the cell surface, targeting HER2-related intracellular signaling pathways and targeting the immune microenvironment. A new anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate called T-DM1 has been successfully tested and found to be highly effective in clinical trials. With this progress, it could eventually be transformed from a disease without a defined therapeutic target into a disease with a defined therapeutic molecular target. Furthermore, efforts are being made to compare the sequencing and combination of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy to improve prognosis to customize the subtype of HER2 low expression precision treatment regimens. In this review, we summarize the current and upcoming treatment strategies, to achieve accurate management of HER2-low BC.

Bacillus altitudinis HNH7 and Bacillus velezensis HNH9 promote plant growth through upregulation of growth-promoting genes in upland cotton.

AIMS: The potential of endophytic Bacillus strains to improve plant growth and yield was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Endophytic Bacillus altitudinis HNH7 and Bacillus velezensis HNH9 were evaluated for their growth-promoting traits. In an in vitro plate assay, HNH7 and HNH9 exhibited proteolytic, amylolytic, lipolytic and cellulolytic activity. HNH7 and HNH9 were able to solubilize iron by producing siderophores but were unable to solubilize insoluble phosphate. PCR confirmed the presence of four growth-promoting genes viz. pvd, budA, asbA and satA in the genome of HNH7, while HNH9 also possessed the same genes except for budA. In a greenhouse experiment, HNH7 and HNH9 promoted the growth of upland cotton plants by upregulating the expression of growth-linked genes, EXP6, ARF1, ARF18, IAA9, CKX6 and GID1b. However, the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, that is ERF and ERF17 was downregulated after treating the plants with HNH7 and HNH9 compared to the control. Furthermore, cotton plants treated with HNH7 and HNH9 exhibited a significantly higher rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. CONCLUSION: HNH7 and HNH9 showed a promising potential to promote the growth of cotton plants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Research on plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains can lead to the formation of biofertilizers.

The impact of age on anxiety in Covid-19 patients in quarantine wardwards.

This study aimed to explore which age group out of the patients in quarantine wards with novel coronavirus pneumonia is the most susceptible to anxiety. The data of 32 Covid-19 patients isolated in the quarantine wards of the second Infectious Diseases Department of Baoding Hospital and 71 Covid-19 patients in Tangshan City Infectious Disease Hospital from January 24th to March 5th, 2020, a total of 103 patients, were analyzed. Among these patients, 97 isolated patients were scored with a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score seven days after quarantine, and the correlation between age and score was analyzed. These 97 isolated patients were then divided into three groups according to age: group A (up to 35 years old), group B (36-60 years), and group C (over 60 years). One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the scores among groups. The Q-test was used for pairwise comparison.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.There was a negative correlation between age and SAS score in isolated Covid-19 patients, and the differences in the score among groups were statistically significant. Patients under 35 years old were more prone to anxiety when they were isolated for seven days. Isolated patients aged up to 35 years old need more attention from quarantine medical staff, communication should be strengthened, and psychological intervention from psychotherapists should be given if necessary.

A cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of three-dimensional changes of circummaxillary sutures following maxillary protraction with alternate rapid palatal expansions and constrictions / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To assess three-dimensional (3D) changes of circummaxillary sutures following maxillary protraction with alternate rapid palatal expansions and constrictions (RPE/C) facemask protocol in maxillary retrusive children, and to investigate the relationship between the changes of circum-maxillary sutures and zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZMS) maturation, and to explore the factors of maxilla forward movement with RPE/C and facemask.@*METHODS@#In the study (clinical trial registration No: ChiCTR2000034909), 36 maxillary retrusive patients were recruited and block randomized to either the rapid palatal expansion (RPE) group or the RPE/C group. Patients aged 7 to 13 years, Class Ⅲ malocclusion, anterior crossbite, ANB less than 0°, Wits appraisal less than -2 mm, and A-Np less than 0 mm were included in the study. The RPE group received rapid palatal expansion, whereas the RPE/C group received alternate rapid palatal expansions and constrictions, and both with facemask protraction. Head orientations of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were implemented by Dolphin 11.7. 3D measurements of circummaxillary sutures on CBCT images were evaluated using Mimics 10.01 before (T0) and after treatment (T1). The changes were analyzed with independent t test, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#Two subjects in the RPE/C group were lost to follow-up. A total of 34 patients reached the completion criteria and were analyzed. Compared with the RPE group, sagittal changes of circummaxillary sutures were significantly increased in the RPE/C group with 1.21 mm advancement of zygomaticotemporal suture, 2.20 mm of ZMS, 1.43 mm of zygoma-ticofrontal suture (P < 0.05, respectively). Except for the zygomaticotemporal suture, the rest forward sagittal changes of other circummaxillary sutures showed no major difference in terms of the ZMS maturation. The Spearman's correlation in RPE/C indicated a strong positive correlation of sagittal changes between ZMS and point A (P < 0.01) with a regression analysis R2=42.5%.@*CONCLUSION@#RPE/C might be more effective on the treatment of maxillary retrusive children. As one of the major mechanical loading sutures during orthopedic therapy, ZMS showed a strong positive correlation with point A on sagittal changes.

Incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province, 2015-2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province from 2015 to 2020 and provide the scientific evidences for the risk assessment, prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods: The incidence data of leptospirosis in Fujian during 2015-2020 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for a descriptive analysis, and software ArcGIS 10.3.1 was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, and rats were captured in 17 surveillance areas during the same period, and the rat organs were collected for pathogen culture, the level of Leptospira antibody was detected in serum samples of rats, healthy population and the serum samples of patients sent by the hospitals. The infection status of Leptospira in human and rats were analyzed. Results: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020. A total of 176 cases of leptospirosis were reported. There were obvious seasonality and bimodal distribution. The majority of cases were farmers, accounting for 49.43% (87/176). Most cases were aged 30-69 years (85.80%, 151/176). The male to female ratio of the cases was 3.51∶1 (137∶39). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that leptospirosis had high or low clustering areas. From 2015 to 2020, the average capture rate of rats in 17 surveillance areas was 6.96% (1 519/21 838), Rattus losea, Rattus flavipectus and Niviventer fulvescens were the main species. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in rats was 28.64% (252/880). Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 56.75% (143/252) and 17.46% (44/252), respectively. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in healthy population was 16.13% (254/1 575), and Autumnalis and Australis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 71.65% (182/254). The confirmation rate of leptospirosis in patient serum samples sent by the hospitals was 2.23% (188/8 431), Autumnalis (56.38%, 106/188) and Hebdomadis (19.68%, 37/188) were the major serogroups. Conclusions: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020, there were obvious area clustering and seasonality. The high clustering areas were mainly distributed in northern, western and central Fujian. Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups in rats. The infection rate in healthy population decreased year by year. Autumnalis and Hebdomadis were the main serogroups in population in Fujian.

Analysis of the diversity and structural changes of intestinal flora in patients with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the diversity and structural changes of intestinal flora in patients with sepsis.Methods:A total of 55 patients were enrolled who visited the Emergency Department of several Grade III-A hospitals from November 2015 to March 2016. Among them, 25 patients with sepsis metthe diagnostic criteria of Sepsis 3.0 and 30 patients had no sepsis. The intestinal flora from all fecal samples was sequenced by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. The diversity and structure changes of the flora were analyzed using Uparse, Qiime, R and LEfSe software.Results:There was no significant difference in sex, age, chronic underlying diseases, and the diversity of intestinal flora between the sepsis and non-sepsis groups (all P>0.05). The structure of intestinal flora was significant different between the two groups ( P<0.05). Abundances of Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Hafnia, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia and Ruminococcus in intestinal flora from patients with sepsis were significantly reduced, but those of Bacilli, Coriobacteriia, Lactobacillales, Coriobacteriales, Clostridiaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Collinsella and Collinsella_aerofaciens were significantly increased. Conclusions:There is no change in the diversity of intestinal flora between the sepsis and non-sepsis groups. There are structural changes of intestinal flora in patients with sepsis.

MiR-663a Inhibits Radiation-Induced Epithelium-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting TGF-β1 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#miR-663a has been reported to be downregulated by X-ray irradiation and participates in radiation-induced bystander effect via TGF-β1. The goal of this study was to explore the role of miR-663a during radiation-induced Epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).@*Methods@#TGF-β1 or IR was used to induce EMT. After miR-663a transfection, cell migration and cell morphological changes were detected and the expression levels of miR-663a, TGF-β1, and EMT-related factors were quantified.@*Results@#Enhancement of cell migration and promotion of mesenchymal changes induced by either TGF-β1 or radiation were suppressed by miR-663a. Furthermore, both X-ray and carbon ion irradiation resulted in the upregulation of TGF-β1 and downregulation of miR-663a, while the silencing of TGF-β1 by miR-663a reversed the EMT process after radiation.@*Conclusion@#Our findings demonstrate an EMT-suppressing effect by miR-663a via TGF-β1 in radiation-induced EMT.

SARS-CoV-2-Triggered Mast Cell Rapid Degranulation Induces Alveolar Epithelial Inflammation and Lung Injury

SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation links to the acute lung injury and COVID-19 severity. Identifying the primary mediators that initiate the uncontrolled hypercytokinemia is essential for treatments. Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located at the mucosa and beneficially or detrimentally regulate immune inflammations. Here we showed that SARS-CoV-2-triggeed MC degranulation initiated alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury. SARS-CoV-2 challenge induced MC degranulation in ACE-2 humanized mice and rhesus macaques, and a rapid MC degranulation could be recapitulated with Spike-RBD binding to ACE2 in cells; MC degranulation alterred various signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells, particularly, led to the production of pro-inflammatory factors and consequential disruption of tight junctions. Importantly, the administration of clinical MC stabilizers for blocking degranulation dampened SARS-CoV-2-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors and prevented lung injury. These findings uncover a novel mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 initiating lung inflammation, and suggest an off-label use of MC stabilizer as immunomodulators for COVID-19 treatments. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=135 SRC="FIGDIR/small/449680v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (29K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@899996org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c26c0eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1442cdcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dd4204_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG In BriefSARS-CoV-2 triggers an immediate mast cell (MC) degranulation, which initiates the alveolar epithelial inflammation and disrupts the tight junction. MC stabilizers that block degranulation reduce virus-induced lung inflammation and injury. HighlightsO_LIThe binding of RBD of Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2-to ACE2 receptor protein triggers an immediate MC degranulation C_LIO_LIMC degranulation induces transcriptomic changes include an upregulated inflammatory signaling and a downregulated cell-junction signaling C_LIO_LIMC degranulation leads to alveolar epithelial inflammation and disruption of tight junctions C_LIO_LIMC stabilizer that inhibits degranulation reduces SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation and injury in vivo C_LI

Plant metabolomics for studying the effect of two insecticides on comprehensive constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos / 中国天然药物

Pesticides' overuse and misuse have been reported to induce ingredient variations in herbal medicine, which is now gaining attention in the medicinal field as a form of alternative medicine. To date, available studies on pesticide-induced ingredient variations of herbal medicine are limited only on a few compounds and remain most others unexamined. In this study, a plant metabolomics-based strategy was performed to systematically explore the effects of two frequently used insecticides on the comprehensive constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF), the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Field trials were designed on a cultivating plot of L. japonica with controls and treatments of imidacloprid (IMI) and compound flonicamid and acetamiprid (CFA). Unbiased metabolite profiling was conducted by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. After data pretreatment by automatic extraction and screening, a data matrix of metabolite features was submitted for statistical analyses. Consequently, 29 metabolic markers, including chlorogenic acids, iridoids and organic acid-glucosides were obtained and characterized. The relative quantitative assay was subsequently performed to monitor their variations across flowering developments. This is the first study that systematically explored the insecticide-induced metabolite variations of LJF while taking into account the inherent variability of flowering development. The results were beneficial for holistic quality assessment of LJF and significant for guiding scientific use of pesticides in the large-scale cultivation.

Role of IL-22/IL-22BP axis in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of 1L-22 / IL- 22BP axis in hepatic ischeniia-reperfusion injury and its potential mechanism.Methods Short, medium, and long-term liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IKI) and IRI + IL-22 mouse models were established, then the scrum IL-22 concentration, IL-22BP mRNA, IL- 22R a 1 mRNA and STAT3 pathway related protein expression in liver were detected to study the role and mechanism of IL-22 and IL-22 BP in liver IRI.Results Compared with short-term ischemia-reperfusion injury group, mice in middle and long-term ischemia- reperfusion injury groups showed more severe liver injury.The concentration of serum IL-22 significantly increased but the activation of STAT3 pathway was significantly inhibited in long-term ischernia-reperfusion group.The ratio of IL-22BP / IL-22R a 1 niRNA increased significantly with the prolongation of ischemia time.Liver injury was significantly alleviated and the activation of STAT3 pathway was markedly up-regulated after the administration of exogenous recombinant 1L-22 in mice with long-term ischemia-reperfusion injury.Conclusions IL-22 can protect liver from ischemia-reperfusion injur)'; however, IL-22BP / IL-22R a 1 mRNA ratio is a negative indicator of liver injury, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of STAT3 pathway activation by IL-22 / il-22bp axis dur-ing liver IRI.

Antagonistic Potential of Novel Endophytic Bacillus Strains and Mediation of Plant Defense against Verticillium Wilt in Upland Cotton.

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a threatening disease of cotton, causing economic loss worldwide. In this study, nine endophytic Bacillus strains isolated from cotton roots exhibited inhibitory activity against V. dahliae strain VD-080 in a dual culture assay. B. altitudinis HNH7 and B. velezensis HNH9 were chosen for further experiments based on their high antagonistic activity. The secondary metabolites of HNH7 and HNH9 also inhibited the growth of VD-080. Genetic marker-assisted detection revealed the presence of bacillibactin, surfactin, bacillomycin and fengycin encoding genes in the genome of HNH7 and HNH9 and their corresponding gene products were validated through LC-MS. Scanning electron microscopy revealed mycelial disintegration, curling and shrinkage of VD-080 hyphae after treatment with methanolic extracts of the isolated endophytes. Furthermore, a significant reduction in verticillium wilt severity was noticed in cotton plants treated with HNH7 and HNH9 as compared to control treatments. Moreover, the expression of defense-linked genes, viz., MPK3, GST, SOD, PAL, PPO and HMGR, was considerably higher in plants treated with endophytic Bacillus strains and inoculated with VD-080 as compared to control.

Therapeutic effect of human adipose stem cells derived exosomes on carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis has higher morbidity and mortality. Activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells is a key link in the progression of liver fibrosis. At present, there are still no effective anti-fibrosis agents targeting single links or targets.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of human adipose stem cells derived exosomes on rats with liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. METHODS: Human adipose stem cells were obtained from healthy people by enzyme dissolution method. After in vitro culture, human adipose stem cells derived exosomes were obtained by multiple ultrafiltration. Different concentrations of exosomes were used to treat the hepatic stellate cells activated by transforming growth factor β1. The human adipose stem cells activated by transforming growth factor β1 were treated with different concentrations of exosomes. The expression of α-smooth actin in the cells was detected by quantitative PCR, and the growth and apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry respectively. Rat models of liver fibrosis were established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride and treated by tail vein injection of exosomes. Rat liver function, serum levels of type III procollagen and type IV collagen, and Ishak score were determined. Semi-quantitative analysis of liver fibrosis was performed. The expression levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and α-smooth actin in liver tissue were measured by immunofluorescence method. The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee and Medical Ethics Committee, Tongji University, China in January, 2017. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human adipose stem cells derived exosomes inhibited the proliferation of activated hepatic stellate cells. The possible mechanism is to inhibit the proliferation of activated macrophages, reduce the production of collagen fibers, α-smooth actin actin, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, and to increase the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9. These findings suggest that exosomes can be used to treat carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis.

New progress in diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis / 中华神经科杂志

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system. It is an important cause of headache and epilepsy in developing countries. This article will discuss the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis, and provide help for early diagnosis and individualized treatment of patients by doctors in different regions.