Correction of Lying Ear and Aesthetic Modification of Helix and Ear Lobule With Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection: Experience in Chinese Patients.

BACKGROUND: Large and long ears are regarded as symbols of wealth and health in East Asian culture, and people with lying ears often want their ears to be more exposed and prominent. Surgeries to correct lying ears have been documented. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report the correction of lying ears and the aesthetic modification of helix and ear lobule with hyaluronic acid (HA) injections. METHODS: HA injections were performed at the auriculocephalic sulcus to increase the cranioauricular angle (CA) and correct lying ears. The injections at helix and lobule were case specific. The CA was measured and photographs were taken at baseline and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 10-month follow-ups. Efficacy was assessed with the 5-point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-six patients (92 ears) received HA injections and completed follow-ups. Instant correction outcomes were observed. Sixteen (34.8%) patients received 1 touch-up injection, the clinical efficacy of which persisted for 1 to 1.5 years. For over 90% of cases with touch-up treatment the GAIS was "very much improved" or "much improved" at all follow-ups. The GAIS for over 70% of cases without touch-up treatment was "very much improved" or "much improved" at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. CA increased significantly compared with the baseline. Patients also reported "more V-shaped face shape" and "lifted jawline" effects. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: As an alternative technique to surgeries, HA filler injections at the auriculocephalic sulcus effectively corrected lying ears. This technique produced immediate, long-lasting, and aesthetically pleasing results. The side effects and downtime were minimal.

Physical activity intervention promotes working memory and motor competence in preschool children.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of specifically designed physical activity intervention on working memory and motor competence in preschool children and explored the correlation between working memory changes and motor competence changes by the intervention. Methods: Four classes of preschool children were grouped into an intervention group and a control group. Children in the intervention group received a 12-week physical activity intervention, while children in the control group followed their daily routine as usual. Before and after the intervention period, children were assessed with the 1-back task and Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (MABC-2) to measure their working memory and motor competence, respectively. Results: Regarding working memory, the accuracy on the 1-back task increased significantly in the intervention group relative to the control group. The intervention group demonstrated a greater decrease in response time from pre- to posttest than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Regarding motor competence, children's manual dexterity, aiming and catching and total score increased significantly in the intervention group relative to the control group, while no significant difference in static and dynamic balance was observed between the two groups. Furthermore, the correlation results showed that changes in the efficacy and efficiency of working memory were positively related to changes in static and dynamic balance and the total score on the MABC-2. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that 12 weeks of specifically designed physical activity intervention could improve preschool children's efficacy of working memory as well as manual dexterity, aiming and catching and global motor competence. The improvement in the efficacy and efficiency of working memory was positively related to the improvement in static and dynamic balance and global motor competence.

Study on the risk of mortality and associated factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province, 2002-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of survival and related risk factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province from 2002 to 2014.Methods A follow-up program was set up when infants as 1,3,6,9,12,18 month olds.Data regarding the HIV-exposed children and their mothers were collected,including service of PMTCT,antiviral therapy,incidence of infectious disease and survival status of infants.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors.Results A total number of 1 705 HIV-infected infants were reported from 2002 to 2014.Among them,1 536 infants (90.09％) were still alive when they were at one and a half years old,with another 58 (3.40％) lost to follow up and 111 (6.51％) infants were dead.The cumulative mortality rates in HIV-exposed children,newborn,and HIV-exposed infants were 67.39‰,23.07‰,and 57.01‰,respectively.No statistical significance was found on the decreasing tendency of mortality in different years.The leading cause of death was noticed as pneumonia,with a proportion of 32.43％,followed by suspected AIDS.Early diagnosis had not been made in infants.Low-birth weight (OR=4.97,95％CI:3.12-7.92) seemed to be a risk factor.Early detection in pregnancy (OR=0.46,95％ CI:0.26-0.80) and HARRT provided to children (OR=0.25,95％ CI:0.15-0.42) were recognized as protective factors.Conclusions The mortality of HIV-exposed children were high,which called for the development of programs on early infant diagnosis and HARRT.Measures should be taken to prevent pneumonia and other infectious diseases,together with nutrition support and monitor program on growth.

Effectiveness of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission in Henan province, 2002-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on preventing mother to child transmission of HIV and identify the influencing factors.Methods The data regarding the pregnant women and their infants were collected,including demographic characteristics,pregnancy and delivery,access to antiviral therapy,HIV infection status at age 18 months and survival of infants between 2002 and 2013 through follow-up,Multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify the influencing factors.Results By the end of 2013,a total of 8 621 554 pregnant women received HIV test,among them 2 264 were infected with HIV.The positive rate of HIV is 0.03％.The HIV positive rate decreased year by year (x2=4.871,P=0.027).A total of 1 530 infants were born from 2002 to 2013,among them 1 384 survived and 92 died at age of 18 months,and 54 were lost for follow up.Sixty infants were tested to be HIV-positive,1 324 infants were tested to be HIV-negative.The mother to child transmission rate was 4.34％,the corrective mother to child transmission rate was 6.33％.Receiving HIV prevention service in early pregnancy (OR=0.26,95％ CI:0.09-0.77),standardized antiviral therapy OR=0.42,95％CI:0.21-0.82),artificial feeding (OR=0.06,95％CI:0.02-0.21) might be the mam protective factors,episiotomy on delivery (OR=3.91,95％ CI:1.74-8.80) might be the risk factors.Conclusion The HIV tested positive rate remained to be low and decreased year by year in pregnant women in Henan,but the mother to child HIV transmission rate was high.It is necessary to improve the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.

Study on the risk of mortality and associated factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province, 2002-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of survival and related risk factors among HIV-exposed children in Henan province from 2002 to 2014.Methods A follow-up program was set up when infants as 1,3,6,9,12,18 month olds.Data regarding the HIV-exposed children and their mothers were collected,including service of PMTCT,antiviral therapy,incidence of infectious disease and survival status of infants.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors.Results A total number of 1 705 HIV-infected infants were reported from 2002 to 2014.Among them,1 536 infants (90.09％) were still alive when they were at one and a half years old,with another 58 (3.40％) lost to follow up and 111 (6.51％) infants were dead.The cumulative mortality rates in HIV-exposed children,newborn,and HIV-exposed infants were 67.39‰,23.07‰,and 57.01‰,respectively.No statistical significance was found on the decreasing tendency of mortality in different years.The leading cause of death was noticed as pneumonia,with a proportion of 32.43％,followed by suspected AIDS.Early diagnosis had not been made in infants.Low-birth weight (OR=4.97,95％CI:3.12-7.92) seemed to be a risk factor.Early detection in pregnancy (OR=0.46,95％ CI:0.26-0.80) and HARRT provided to children (OR=0.25,95％ CI:0.15-0.42) were recognized as protective factors.Conclusions The mortality of HIV-exposed children were high,which called for the development of programs on early infant diagnosis and HARRT.Measures should be taken to prevent pneumonia and other infectious diseases,together with nutrition support and monitor program on growth.

Effectiveness of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission in Henan province, 2002-2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on preventing mother to child transmission of HIV and identify the influencing factors.Methods The data regarding the pregnant women and their infants were collected,including demographic characteristics,pregnancy and delivery,access to antiviral therapy,HIV infection status at age 18 months and survival of infants between 2002 and 2013 through follow-up,Multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify the influencing factors.Results By the end of 2013,a total of 8 621 554 pregnant women received HIV test,among them 2 264 were infected with HIV.The positive rate of HIV is 0.03％.The HIV positive rate decreased year by year (x2=4.871,P=0.027).A total of 1 530 infants were born from 2002 to 2013,among them 1 384 survived and 92 died at age of 18 months,and 54 were lost for follow up.Sixty infants were tested to be HIV-positive,1 324 infants were tested to be HIV-negative.The mother to child transmission rate was 4.34％,the corrective mother to child transmission rate was 6.33％.Receiving HIV prevention service in early pregnancy (OR=0.26,95％ CI:0.09-0.77),standardized antiviral therapy OR=0.42,95％CI:0.21-0.82),artificial feeding (OR=0.06,95％CI:0.02-0.21) might be the mam protective factors,episiotomy on delivery (OR=3.91,95％ CI:1.74-8.80) might be the risk factors.Conclusion The HIV tested positive rate remained to be low and decreased year by year in pregnant women in Henan,but the mother to child HIV transmission rate was high.It is necessary to improve the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission.