Reliable quantitative detection of uric acid in urine by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with endogenous internal standard.

Abnormal levels of uric acid (UA) in urine serve as warning signs for gout and metabolic cardiovascular diseases, necessitating the monitoring of UA levels for early prevention. However, the current analytical methods employed suffer from limitations in terms of inadequate suitability for home-based applications and the requirement of non-invasive procedures. In this approach, creatinine, a metabolite with a constant excretion rate, was incorporated as an endogenous internal standard (e-IS) for calibration, presenting a rapid, pretreatment-free, and accurate strategy for quantitative determination of UA concentrations. By utilizing urine creatinine as an internal reference value to calibrate the signal fluctuation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of UA, the quantitative accuracy can be significantly improved without the need for an external internal standard. Due to the influence of the medium, UA, which carries a negative charge, is selectively adsorbed by Au@Ag nanoparticles functionalized with hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) in this system. Furthermore, a highly convenient detection method was developed, which eliminates the need for pre-processing and minimizes matrix interference by simple dilution. The method was applied to the urine detection of different volunteers, and the results were highly consistent with those obtained using the UA colorimetric kit (UACK). The detection time of SERS was only 30 s, which is 50 times faster than UACK. This quantitative strategy of using urinary creatinine as an internal standard to correct the SERS intensity of uric acid is also expected to be extended to the quantitative detection needs of other biomarkers in urine.

Effect of Sea Cucumber Enzymolysis Fermentation Liquid on immunosuppressed mice based on metabonomics / 中国药理学通报

Aim To prepare the sea cucumber enzy¬molysis fermentation liquid (SCEFL) by enzymatic hydrolysis of protease and fermentation of probiotics and to investigate the effect of SCEFL on the immunosup-pression induced by cyclophosphamide in mice and to explore its mechanism by metabomic method. Methods The immunosuppressive model was induced by in-traperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Levamisole group, SCEFL groups (at low, medium and high doses). The pathological changes of spleen were observed by HE staining. The proportion of CD4

Mechanism of Danggui Sini Decoction in improving kidney injury caused by blood stasis syndrome based on metabolomics and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This article analyzed the mechanism of Danggui Sini Decoction(DSD) in improving kidney injury caused by blood stasis syndrome(BSS) in rats. Firstly, 32 female SD rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: a normal group and a BSS group, both receiving an equal amount of distilled water by gavage; a normal+DSD group and a BSS+DSD group, both receiving 5.103 g·kg~(-1) DSD orally for a total of 14 days. Daily cold water bath was given to establish the BSS model, and on the 14th day, BSS rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.8 mg·kg~(-1) adrenaline. Normal rats were subjected to the water bath at 37 ℃ and injected with an equal volume of distilled water. After the experiment, 24-hour urine, serum, and kidney samples were collected for metabolomic analysis, biochemical measurements, and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The study then employed ~1H-NMR metabolomic technology to reveal the metabolic network regulated by DSD in improving BSS-induced kidney injury and used network pharmacology to preliminarily elucidate the key targets of the effectiveness of DSD. Pathological and biochemical analysis showed that DSD intervention significantly reduced inflammation and abnormal levels of blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine protein in the kidneys. Metabolomic analysis indicated that DSD attenuated BSS-induced kidney injury primarily by regulating 10 differential metabolites and three major metabolic pathways(taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, citrate cycle, and acetaldehyde and dicarboxylic acid metabolism). Network pharmacology analysis suggested that the protective effect of DSD against BSS-induced kidney injury might be related to two key genes, ATP citrate lyase(ACLY) and nitric oxide synthase 2(NOS2), and two main metabolic pathways, i.e., arginine biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. This study, from the perspective of network regulation, provides initial insights and evidence into the mechanism of DSD in improving kidney injury induced by BSS, offering a basis for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy.

Metabolic Disease Management Guideline for National Metabolic Management Center(2nd edition) / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The latest epidemiological data suggests that the situation of adult diabetes in China is severe, and metabolic diseases have become significant chronic illnesses that have a serious impact on public health and social development. After more than six years of practice, the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has developed distinctive approaches to manage metabolic patients and has achieved a series of positive outcomes, continuously advancing the standardized diagnosis and treatment model. In order to further improve the efficiency, based on the first edition, the second edition guideline was composed by incorporating experience of the past six years in conjunction with the latest international and domestic guidelines.

Effects of 21-hydroxylase deficiency on male fertility / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by deficiency of specific enzymes in the adrenocortical hormone synthesis pathway, resulting in impaired corticosteroid synthesis. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common type of CAH, and the disorder can lead to impaired fertility in patients. Most current studies have focused on fertility problems in female CAH patients. The most common causes of impaired fertility in men with 21-OHD include testicular adrenal rest tumors(TART), low gonadotropin secretion, and inappropriate glucocorticoid therapy. This article reviews the causes of impaired fertility and its treatment in male patients with 21-OHD, with the aim of providing guidance for improving the fertility of male patients with 21-OHD.

Late isocaloric eating increases hunger, decreases energy expenditure, and modifies metabolic pathways in adults with overweight and obesity.

Late eating has been linked to obesity risk. It is unclear whether this is caused by changes in hunger and appetite, energy expenditure, or both, and whether molecular pathways in adipose tissues are involved. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02298790) to determine the effects of late versus early eating while rigorously controlling for nutrient intake, physical activity, sleep, and light exposure. Late eating increased hunger (p < 0.0001) and altered appetite-regulating hormones, increasing waketime and 24-h ghrelin:leptin ratio (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, late eating decreased waketime energy expenditure (p = 0.002) and 24-h core body temperature (p = 0.019). Adipose tissue gene expression analyses showed that late eating altered pathways involved in lipid metabolism, e.g., p38 MAPK signaling, TGF-ß signaling, modulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, and autophagy, in a direction consistent with decreased lipolysis/increased adipogenesis. These findings show converging mechanisms by which late eating may result in positive energy balance and increased obesity risk.

Daytime eating prevents mood vulnerability in night work.

Shift workers have a 25 to 40% higher risk of depression and anxiety partly due to a misalignment between the central circadian clock and daily environmental/behavioral cycles that may negatively affect mood and emotional well-being. Hence, evidence-based circadian interventions are required to prevent mood vulnerability in shift work settings. We used a stringently controlled 14-d circadian paradigm to assess mood vulnerability during simulated night work with either daytime and nighttime or daytime-only eating as compared with simulated day work (baseline). Simulated night work with daytime and nighttime eating increased depression-like mood levels by 26.2% (p-value adjusted using False Discovery Rates, pFDR = 0.001; effect-size r = 0.78) and anxiety-like mood levels by 16.1% (pFDR = 0.001; effect-size r = 0.47) compared to baseline, whereas this did not occur with simulated night work in the daytime-only eating group. Importantly, a larger degree of internal circadian misalignment was robustly associated with more depression-like (r = 0.77; P = 0.001) and anxiety-like (r = 0.67; P = 0.002) mood levels during simulated night work. These findings offer a proof-of-concept demonstration of an evidence-based meal timing intervention that may prevent mood vulnerability in shift work settings. Future studies are required to establish if changes in meal timing can prevent mood vulnerability in night workers.

Analysis on the industry characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan City， 2007-2021 / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the industry characteristics of new occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan from 2007 to Methods 2021. The data of new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan City from 2007 to 2021 were obtained from “ ” ， “ the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System subsystem the Occupational Disease and Health Hazardous ”， Results Factors Monitoring Information System and the industry characteristics of the cases were analyzed. From 2007 to ， ， （ ） 2021 there were 886 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan mainly include silicosis 68.3% in males （ ）， （ ） 94.2% and stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis cases 75.9% . The median age of cases at the time of diagnosed disease was 47 years ， old and the median working age of dust exposure was 11.2 years. The enterprises where all cases are located involve eight top ， ； ， - industry categories of which manufacturing industry accounted for 97.6% and 30 major industry categories of which non （ ） ， metallic mineral products industry was the highest 60.5% . There were 554 sporadic cases and 332 cluster cases and the ， ， Conclusion industries were mainly non-metallic mineral products accounting for 55.0% and 69.6% respectively. ， - Occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan is dominated by silicosis and the key industries are non metallic mineral products.

Daytime eating prevents internal circadian misalignment and glucose intolerance in night work.

Night work increases diabetes risk. Misalignment between the central circadian "clock" and daily behaviors, typical in night workers, impairs glucose tolerance, likely due to internal misalignment between central and peripheral circadian rhythms. Whether appropriate circadian alignment of eating can prevent internal circadian misalignment and glucose intolerance is unknown. In a 14-day circadian paradigm, we assessed glycemic control during simulated night work with either nighttime or daytime eating. Assessment of central (body temperature) and peripheral (glucose and insulin) endogenous circadian rhythms happened during constant routine protocols before and after simulated night work. Nighttime eating led to misalignment between central and peripheral (glucose) endogenous circadian rhythms and impaired glucose tolerance, whereas restricting meals to daytime prevented it. These findings offer a behavioral approach to preventing glucose intolerance in shift workers.

Computed Tomography Features of COVID-19 in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo systematically analyze the chest CT imaging features of children with COVID-19 and provide references for clinical practice. MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase; data published by Johns Hopkins University; and Chinese databases CNKI, Wanfang, and Chongqing Weipu. Reports on chest CT imaging features of children with COVID-19 from January 1, 2020, to August 10, 2020, were analyzed retrospectively and a meta-analysis carried out using Stata12.0 software. ResultsThirty-seven articles (1747 children) were included in this study. The overall rate of abnormal lung CT findings was 63.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55.8-70.6%), with a rate of 61.0% (95% CI: 50.8-71.2%) in China and 67.8% (95% CI: 57.1-78.4%) in the rest of the world in the subgroup analysis. The incidence of ground-glass opacities was 39.5% (95% CI: 30.7-48.3%), multiple lung lobe lesions 65.1% (95% CI: 55.1-67.9%), and bilateral lung lesions 61.5% (95% CI: 58.8-72.2%). Other imaging features included nodules (25.7%), patchy shadows (36.8%), halo sign(24.8%), consolidation (24.1%), air bronchogram signs (11.2%), cord-like shadows (9.7%), crazy-paving pattern (6.1%), and pleural effusion (9.1%). Two articles reported three cases of white lung, another reported two cases of pneumothorax, and another one case of bullae. CONCLUSIONThe lung CT results of children with COVID-19 are usually normal or slightly atypica, with a low sensitivity and specificity compared with that in adults. The lung lesions of COVID-19 pediatric patients mostly involve both lungs or multiple lobes, and the common manifestations are patchy shadows, ground-glass opacities, consolidation, partial air bronchogram signs, nodules, and halo signs; white lung, pleural effusion, and paving stone signs are rare. CLINICAL IMPACTTherefore, chest CT has limited value as a screening tool for children with COVID-19 and can only be used as an auxiliary assessment tool. RegistrationThis systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the Prospero International Prospective Register of Systemic Reviews (CRD42020196602). Strengths and limitations of this studyThe lung CT findings of children with COVID-19 are usually normal or slightly atypical, with a low sensitivity and specificity compared with that in adults. From a systematic review of current literature, the overall rate of abnormal lung CT findings in children was revealed to be 63.2%. Chest CT has limited value as a screening tool for children with COVID-19 and can only be used as an auxiliary assessment tool. The sample size of some included studies is small, which may affect the results.

How 'hot' is too hot? Evaluating acceptable outdoor thermal comfort ranges in an equatorial urban park.

Urban green spaces offer vital ecosystem services such as regulating elevated temperatures in cities. Less information exists, however, on how urban green spaces influence outdoor thermal comfort (OTC), which is dependent on people's perceptions of the complex interactions amongst ambient humidity, wind and both air and radiant temperatures. In this study, we analysed an existing OTC dataset compiled within a large Singapore urban park and calibrated OTC thresholds for physiological equivalent temperatures (PET) by analysing PET against thermal perception survey responses from the park visitors (n = 1508). We examined OTC according to (i) neutral, (ii) acceptable and (iii) preferred temperatures, where respondents felt 'comfortable' outdoors in the park. We estimated that neutral temperature, when all respondents experience neither heat nor cold stress, is 26.2 °C; acceptable temperatures, when only slight heat or cold stress is experienced, range between 21.6 and 31.6 °C; and preferred ('ideal') temperature for all respondents is 24.2 °C. Respondents residing for more than 6 months in Singapore achieved thermal neutrality, suggesting that a greater degree of thermal adaptation likely developed during acclimatisation to local climate through a combination of physiological, behavioural and psychological circumstances. Comparisons with other OTC studies showed differences in synoptic climates are linked to variations in the magnitude and ranges of perceived PET. Lastly, respondents in this study perceived lower neutral and preferred temperatures compared to respondents surveyed over a variety of urban land use categories in another local study. The differences in neutral and preferred temperatures between studies suggest that lower park temperatures and different environmental attitudes influence perceived OTC.

A multicenter study on the clinical features and risk factors of poor prognosis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical features and risk factors of poor prognosis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Methods A retrospective study was carried out in the infants with NEC admitted to 6 cooperative hospitals in Guangdong Province between January 2005 and December 2014.The clinical features and risk factors of poor prognosis in preterm and full-term infants diagnosed NEC,early onset and late onset NEC were analyzed.Results A total of 449 cases who met the criteria were admitted during the study time.The mortality was 23.6％ (106/449 cases),of which the preterm group was 24.6％ (58/238 cases) while the full-term group was 22.7％ (48/211 cases),the early onset group was 22.1％ (45/204 cases) while the late onset group was 24.3％ (57/235 cases).The median number of NEC onset in preterm group was 11 d after birth while the number of the full-term group was 6 d.Full-term infants who diagnosed NEC were more likely to manifest themselves as abdominal distension (52.1％ vs.42.0％,x2 =4.597,P =0.032),vomiting(36.5％ vs.17.2％,x2 =21.428,P =0.000) and bloody stool(30.3％ vs.21.4％,x2 =4.653,P =0.031);but in the onset of NEC,preterm infants more likely to have feeding intolerance (21.0％ vs.12.8％,x2=5.309,P =0.021).The early onset group of full-term NEC was much common in twins or multiplets(9.4％ vs.1.1％,x2 =6.226,P =0.013),which rate of surgical therapy was much higher (41.0％ vs.27.0％,P =0.036) and the breast-feeding rate before NEC was lower than the late onset group(14.5％ vs.32.6％,x2 =9.500,P =0.002),the differences were statistically significant.The gestational age and birth weight were bigger in the early onset group of preterm NEC[(33.8 ±2.5) weeks vs.(32.2 ±2.8) weeks,t =4.261,P =0.000;(2.1 ±0.5) kg vs.(1.7 ± 0.5) kg,t =4.735,P =0.000)],but length of stay was shorter than the late onset group (18.0 d vs.26.5 d,P =0.000).Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of poor prognosis of full-term NEC were shock,peritonitis and sepsis;while risk factors of poor prognosis of preterm NEC were small for gestational age infant,pulmonary hemorrhage,shock,intestinal perforation and sepsis;the risk factors of poor prognosis of the early onset group of full-term NEC was shock;while those of the late onset group were shock and peritonitis;the risk factors of poor prognosis in the early onset group of preterm NEC were shock and sepsis,while those in the late onset group were pulmonary hemorrhage,shock,intestinal perforation and sepsis.Conclusions Compared to the preterm NEC,the onset time of full-term NEC was earlier and the clinical manifestations were more typical.Early identification and management of shock,peritonitis,intestinal perforation,sepsis and pulmonary hemorrhage can reduce the risk of poor prognosis of neonate NEC.

Controlled clinical trial with the combination therapy with metformin, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide 1 analog in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective@#The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of metformin/thiazolidinediones (TZDs) / glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs (triple therapy) with conventional glucose-lowering therapy(conventional therapy) for patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.@*Methods@#A prospective randomized-controlled 26-week study was carried out. A total of 82 patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive either triple therapy protocal or just conventional therapy, altogether with 41 cases in each group.@*Results@#HbA1C value was significantly reduced in triple therapy group versus the conventional therapy group [(2.23±1.75)% vs (1.48±1.59)%, P<0.05]. Values of body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral fat area were significantly reduced in triple therapy group as compared to those of conventional therapy group [(2.50±1.81 vs 0.92±1.82)kg/m2, (6.75±4.92 vs 1.66±3.25)cm, (24.10±19.10 vs 10.02±20.10)cm2, all P<0.01, respectively]. Control rates of HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose for triple therapy were higher than those for conventional therapy (both P<0.05). No hypoglycemia occurred in triple therapy group. Subjects receiving triple therapy experienced more frequent gastrointestinal side effects than those in conventional therapy group (18.87% vs 3.92%, P<0.05). The most common side event was mild nausea (90%).@*Conclusion@#Combination therapy with metformin/TZDs/GLP-1 analogs had statistically significant advantages in the control of body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat area in addition to the control of blood glucose over conventional glucose-lowering therapy in our patient cohort, it seems to be an optimized therapeutic regimen for patients with type 2 diabete and metabolic syndrome.

Controlled clinical trial with the combination therapy with metformin, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide 1 analog in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of metformin/thiazolidinediones (TZDs) / glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs (triple therapy) with conventional glucose-lowering therapy ( conventional therapy ) for patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods A prospective randomized-controlled 26-week study was carried out. A total of 82 patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive either triple therapy protocal or just conventional therapy, altogether with 41 cases in each group. Results HbA1C value was significantly reduced in triple therapy group versus the conventional therapy group [(2.23 ± 1.75)％ vs (1.48 ± 1.59)％, P<0.05]. Values of body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral fat area were significantly reduced in triple therapy group as compared to those of conventionaltherapygroup[(2.50±1.81vs0.92±1.82)kg/m2,(6.75±4.92vs1.66±3.25)cm,(24.10±19.10vs 10.02±20.10)cm2, all P<0.01, respectively]. Control rates of HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose for triple therapy were higher than those for conventional therapy ( both P<0. 05 ) . No hypoglycemia occurred in triple therapy group. Subjects receiving triple therapy experienced more frequent gastrointestinal side effects than those in conventional therapy group ( 18. 87％ vs 3. 92％, P<0. 05 ) . The most common side event was mild nausea ( 90％) . Conclusion Combination therapy with metformin/TZDs/GLP-1 analogs had statistically significant advantages in the control of body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat area in addition to the control of blood glucose over conventional glucose-lowering therapy in our patient cohort, it seems to be an optimized therapeutic regimen for patients with type 2 diabete and metabolic syndrome.

Composition of gut microbiome in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia and its effect on bilirubin brain injury / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the composition of gut microbiome in neonates with severe bilinebinemia (serum total bilirubin ＞ 342 μmol/L),and to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and bilirubin brain injury.Methods A prospective study was conducted.The neonates with serum total bilirubin ＞ 342 μmol/L from September 2016 to March 2017 in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center,Guangzhou Medical University,were enrolled in the study and 16S rDNA sequence analysis technology was used to detect the composition of gut microbiome in all subjects.According to the results of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and clinical manifestations,the subjects were divided into the brain injury group (26 cases) and no brain injury group (28 cases).The differences of the composition of gut microbiome between the 2 groups were compared,and the levels of unconjugated bilirubin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were also compared.Results The level of unconjugated bilirubin in serum of the brain injury group was (463.51 ± 110.62) μmol/L,but in no brain injury group was(364.18 ±63.13) μmol/L,and there was significant difference between the 2 groups(t =4.090,P =0.000 1).The level of unconjugated bilirubin in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain injury group was (9.53 ± 2.68) μmol/L,but in no brain injury group was (6.94 ± 2.31) μmol/L,and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (t =3.812,P =0.000 3).There was no correlation between the level of unconjugated bilirubin in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum between the 2 groups(r =0.137,0.081,all P ＞0.05).The abundance of gut microbiome in the brain injury group was lower than that in no brain injury group in genus level,among which Fusobacterium,Catabacter,Succinivibrio,Clostridium and Bacteroides were significantly different (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The occurrence of bilirubin brain injury depends on the level of unconjugated bilirubin in serum cerebrospinal fluid,but it may be more directly dependent on the level of bilirubin in the cerebrospinal fluid.The diversity of gut microbiome in neonates with bilirubin brain injury was significantly lower than that in no brain injury group.The level of unconjugated bilirubin in cerebrospinal fluid may be related to the different blood-brain barrier permeability caused by different composition of gut microbiome.

Clinical Observation of Milrinone Injection in the Treatment of Hypertensive Heart Disease Complicated with Heart Failure / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of Milrinone injection in the treatment of hypertensive heart disease complicated with heart failure. METHODS:A total of 120 patients with hypertensive heart disease complicated with chronic heart failure were randomized into control group and observation group according to random number table,with 60 cases in each group. Control group received routine therapy,including blood pressure controlling,anti-heart failure and other symptomatic treatment;observation group was additionally given Milrinone injection 0.3 mg/kg,continuous pump,qd. A treatment course lasted for 5 d. Both groups received one course of treatment each month for consecutive 6 months. Both groups were followed up for one year. 6 min walking distance(6MWD),BNP,LVEF,CI,LVEDD,heart rate,sitting systolic blood pressure(SiSBP)and sitting diastolic blood pressure(SiDBP),re-hospitalization rate and cardiovascular mortality were observed in 2 groups before treatment, after 3,6 months and 1 year of treatment;therapeutic efficacy of heart function and the incidence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in 6MWD,BNP,LVEF,CI,heart rate,SiSBP and SiDBP between 2 groups;after 3 months,6 months and 1 year of treatment,6MWD,LVEF and CI of 2 groups were increased significantly,while BNP,LVEDD,resting heart rate,SiSBP and SiDBP were decreased significantly;the observation group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). There were no statistical signifi-cance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Milrinone injection shows good efficacy in the treatment of hypertensive heart disease complicated with heart failure,can significantly reduce BNP and re-hospitalization rate as well as improve prognosis with good safety.

The Relationship between Thyroid Hormone and Purine Metabolism and Body Weight in Patients with Type Ⅱ Diabetes and Normal Thyroid Function / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone and uric acid (UA) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes and normal thyroid function.Methods Total of 313 patients with type Ⅱ diabetes and normal thyroid function were selected.BMI,fasting blood glucose (FBG),the metabolism of blood lipid,thyroid hormones and UA indicators were examined and the correlations of thyroid hormone,BMI and UA were analyzed.Results (1) The patients were divided into two groups according to gender,and FT3,FT4,and UA of male were found to be significantly higher than those in female (P＜0.01).TSH,SBP,HDL-C in female were significantly higher than those in male (P＜0.01);(2) The patients were divided into three groups according to BMI Level.Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),three iodine armour gland original glycine (TT3),free three iodine thyroid glycine (FT3),UA,and FBG in overweight and obesity groups were found to be higher than those in normal weight group (P ＜ 0.05);(3) The patients were divided into two groups according to the TSH level.Serum uric acid,TT3,FT3,fasting insulin in the group with TSH above 2.5 uIU/L were found to be higher than those in the group with TSH under 2.5 uIU/L (P ＜ 0.05);(4) Patients were divided into two groups according to the UA level.TSH,FT3 in male with high uric acid were found to be higher than those in male with normal uric acid (P ＜ 0.05);TSH was in female with high uric acid was found to be higher than that in female with normal uric acid (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Thyroid hormone in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes can be used to assess the body weight and uric acid,which is of great clinical importance.

Progress of management and standardization strategy research in diabetics with insulin pump therapy outside hospital / 中国实用护理杂志

The role of insulin pump in the treatment of diabetes is becoming more and more significant. Based on the systematic literature review, collation and analysis, this article introduces the management of insulin pump outside the hospital from the development trend of insulin pump, application and common problems. In order to enhance the therapeutic satisfaction of patients and improve their quality of life, our aims are to put forward the strategy of standardized management and provide a reference for establishing and improving the standardized management system of insulin pump therapy outside hospital.

Protective Effects of Biifdobacterium on intestinal tissue of newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis and its regulation / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To discuss the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of Biifdobacterium on intestinal tissue of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) newborn rats. Methods Seventy-five newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (born within 2 h) were randomly divided into five groups, each group with 15 rats. Group A was the NEC model group, and the rats were fed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formula. Group B was the Biifdobacterium treatment group, and the rats were fed LPS and formula and Biifdobacterium micro-capsule. Group C was the artificial feeding control group, and the rats were fed formula. Group D was the Biifdobacterium control group, and the rats were fed formula and Biifdobacterium micro-capsule. Group E was the breastfeeding control group, and the rats were fed rat breast milk by mothers. LPS 30 mg/kg was administered by gavage once per day for 3 days. Bifidobacterium micro-capsules were given as 1×1010 colony forming units/ml by gavage with formula once per day. After fed for 72 h and fasted for 12 h, the five groups of rats were killed by decapitation. Morphological changes in the terminal ileum tissue were observed under a light microscope and intestinal injury was scored. The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB p65 was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of variance, corrected Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistics. Results The morbidity of NEC in group A to E was 11/15, 4/15, 3/15, 2/15 and 0/15, respectively;the intestinal injury score in group A to E was 3.37±0.27, 1.53±0.44, 1.75±0.37, 0.92±0.39 and 0.30±0.18, respectively; the expression level of TLR2 in group A to E was 0.35±0.05, 0.30±0.03, 0.32±0.04, 0.30±0.02 and 0.29±0.03, respectively;the expression level of TLR4 in group A to E was 0.48±0.05, 0.34±0.03, 0.36±0.03, 0.37±0.04 and 0.35±0.02, respectively;the expression level of NF-κB p65 in group A to E was 0.43±0.03, 0.29±0.03, 0.35±0.02, 0.32±0.02 and 0.30±0.02, respectively. The differences in NEC morbidity, intestinal injury score, and the expression levels of TLR4, TLR2 and NF-κB p65 among the five groups were all statistically significant (χ2, H or F=23.863, 70.290, 8.803, 38.599 and 75.076, respectively, all P 0.05). The intestinal injury score in the Bifidobacterium treatment group was significantly higher than that in the Bifidobacterium control group and the breastfeeding control group (both P 0.05). The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in the Biifdobacterium treatment group were significantly lower than those in the artificial feeding control group and the Biifdobacterium control group (all P 0.05). The expression level of TLR2 in the Biifdobacterium treatment group compared with the three control groups was not significantly different (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Biifdobacterium may inhibit pathogenic bacteria or regulate the negative feedback of TLR2 to reduce the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in intestinal mucosa cells, inhibit the NF-κB pathway, attenuate the inflammatory reaction, and play a role in the prevention and control of NEC.

¹H-NMR based metabonomic approach to evaluate anti-coagulant effect of Danggui Sini decoction / 中国中药杂志

To study the anti-coagulant effect and influence of danggui Sini decoction (DSD) on rat's plasma endogenous metabolites by animal experiment and ¹H-NMR based metabolomics method. After intragastric administration of Danggui Sini Decoction for 7 days, Plasma thrombin time (TT) was measured. Rat plasma metabolic fingerprint in two groups was analyzed using ¹H-NMR, based on which the principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) models for metabonomic analysis. Potential biomarkers were screened by using variable importance in the projection (VIP) and T test. DSD could prolong TT of the rat significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, six kinds of endogenous metabolites in DSD group change significantly (P < 0.05), among which isobutyrate, carnitine and phenylalanine content had an upward trend (P < 0.01) and lysine, Histidine and cholesterol content had a downward trend (P < 0.05). It is likely that carnitine, phenylalanine, Histidine and cholesterol are the potential metabolic markers in the anti-coagulant process and DSD affects the platelet aggregation and the expression of tissue factor and fiber protease by regulating the energy, amino acid and lipid metabolism.