Analysis of aging-related changes in the lower eyelid tissue structure in Han Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze aging-related regional changes in the lower eyelid tissue structure of Han Chinese women as data reference and theoretical basis for rejuvenation treatment of lower eyelids. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of healthy Han Chinese women with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 were collected and stratified by age. MRI of the mid-sagittal plane of the eyeball was analyzed. The orbital margin was marked as the coordinate O point while the surface of the zygomatic bone was marked as the coordinate y-axis. The vertical line between the O point and y-axis was marked as the x-axis. The position of each point of the orbicularis oculi muscle contour and the subcutaneous fat tissue contour on the coordinate axis was measured. The thickness and contour morphology of the subcutaneous fat and orbicularis oculi muscle at different positions were calculated according to the coordinate position of each point. Age-related changes in the structure, contour, and position of the subcutaneous tissue in the lower eyelid area were analyzed. RESULTS: With aging, the thickness of the orbicularis oculi muscle decreased while its width increased. Notably, the radian of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the tarsal portion protruding to the skin increased. The subcutaneous fat of the orbital margin thinned while the subcutaneous fat below the orbital margin thickened with age. CONCLUSION: The subcutaneous tissue structure of the lower eyelid region in Han Chinese women showed regular changes during aging, chiefly characterized by the widening and thinning of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the gradual shifting of the subcutaneous fat to the middle and lower regions.

Clinical analysis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery, and to provide reference data for the management of affected patients. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 12 cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery in our department from January 2014 to December 2020. The case data included baseline characteristics, morbidity, chronology of patient symptoms, diagnostic results, and treatment outcomes. Disease characteristics were summarized and objectively analyzed. RESULTS: The 12 patients infected with nontuberculous mycobacteria after plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery received small incision or minimally invasive surgery. The onset time was 5-30 days after surgery, the clinical manifestations were non-specific, and ordinary antibiotics are ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: Small incisions or minimally invasive plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery have hidden dangers of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, and the detection and diagnosis are difficult, and the treatment time is long, which requires attention.

Clinical Comparison of 3 Different Double Eyelid Surgeries.

OBJECTIVE: Double blepharoplasty or double eyelid surgery is a common plastic surgery in Asians. Our study aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel double eyelid surgical technique relative to other commonly used approaches. METHOD: The study compared 852 single eyelid patients electing 1 of 3 double eyelid surgical options; minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel, minimally invasive 3-point embedding, or incision double eyelid surgery. Evaluation criteria included postoperative swelling, hyperemia, pain, scarring, single eyelid recurrence, and patient satisfaction after 2 years. RESULTS: All surgical methods effectively achieved double eyelids. Directly after the procedure, the minimally invasive 3-point embedding method produced the mildest degree of swelling and congestion, followed by the 3-point subcutaneous tunnel method and then the incision method (F = 523.908, P = 0.000). The incision method also resulted in more serious postoperative pain, whereas the other 2 methods were equivalent (F = 83.117, P = 0.000). Patients in the incision group had the most severe scars compared with the other 2 groups with milder scarring (F = 882.102, P = 0.000). The minimally invasive 3-point embedding method group had the highest single eyelid recurrence rate (5.88%), whereas the recurrence rates for the other 2 methods were less than 1%. Patients satisfaction after 2 years was highest in the minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunneling method, followed by the 3-point embedding method and lastly the incision method (F = 25.931, P = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive 3-point subcutaneous tunnel double eyelid surgery has advantages over other techniques, and its clinical application is worth promoting for suitable patients.

Mechanism of SPRY1 methylation regulating natural aging of skin epidermal cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among natural aging of epidermal cells, epigenetics, and SPRY1 methylation mechanism. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and Western blot were used to detect the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and Sprouty1 (SPRY1) in skin epithelial cells from different age groups. An aging model of HaCaT cells was constructed. In HaCaT cells and their aging groups, DNMT1 and SPRY1 expression were detected by RT-PCR and WB. SPRY1 methylation status in epidermal cells from different age groups and HaCaT cells were detected by Methylation-Specific PCR (MS-PCR). RESULTS: The expression of DNMT1 and SPRY1 in skin epithelial cells from natural aging groups decreased with age; there was no significant difference in the expression of DNMT1 in HaCaT cells and the different age groups. The expression of SPRY1 in HaCaT cells was lower than it was in the aging groups. The methylation status of SPRY1 gradually decreased as the age of skin epidermal cells increased, while the methylation status of SPRY1 was not different between HaCaT cells and the aging group. CONCLUSION: DNMT1 is involved in the regulation of natural aging of skin epidermal cells but has a nominal role in our induced aging model. SPRY1 is involved in natural aging and induced aging of skin epidermal cells. The regulation of SPRY1 methylation is involved in the natural senescence of skin epidermal cells, while the induced aging of epidermal cells is nominally involved in the mechanism of SPRY1 methylation.

Individualized Surgical Treatment of Different Types of Labia Minora Hypertrophy.

Objective To explore an optimal surgical approach for different types of labia minora hypertrophy and to design a better personalized surgical treatment plan for patients. Methods Forty-five patients with labia minora treated in our department from January 2014 to January 2019 were the study participants. Depending upon the appearance of the labia minora, they were divided into length labia minora hypertrophy, width labia minora hypertrophy, overall labia minora hypertrophy, and labia hypertrophy combined with clitoris foreskin. By combining the characteristics of the patient's labia minora hypertrophy and the aesthetic requirements for postoperative appearance, we designed a personalized treatment plan for each group of patients. The surgical approaches include upper pedicle flap wedge resection, upper and lower pedicle flap similar to wedge resection, lower pedicle flap pedicle wedge resection, and labia minora combined with clitoris foreskin surgery. We followed up the postoperative results, recovery, and complication rates for a period of 3 months. Results All patients who underwent surgery had good wound healing. The labia minora had good bilateral symmetry, moderate size, and desired appearance. The scar of the surgical incision was also not obvious. The postoperative labia minora felt normal without any serious complications. Overall, the treatment effect was satisfactory. Conclusion There are many surgical methods for the reduction in the labia minora. Our findings suggest that in order to achieve better results, a personalized surgical plan should be designed considering the patient's unique type of hypertrophy and the individual aesthetic requirements. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

The different expression and significance of methyl CpG binding protein 2 and histone deacetylase 6 in human scar formation / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the expression and significance of fibroblasts methyl CpG binding protein 2(MECP2)and histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6) at different stages of scar tissues and hypertrophic scars.@*Methods@#From August 2016 to May 2017, 118 cases of scar and 33 cases of upper eyelid lasia received from the Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing were collected, including 33 cases of normal skin (ages 34-68, 12 cases of male and 21 cases of female), 32 cases of normal scar (ages 8-68, 19 cases of male and 13 cases of female), 35 cases of keloid (ages 11-62, 11 cases of male and 24 cases of female) and 51 cases of hypertrophic scar (ages 12-58, 22 cases of male and 29 cases of female) without any treatment.The hypertrophic scar was divided into 4 groups according to the growth time: 10 cases in the 0-3 month group, 11 cases in the 4-6 month group, 13 cases in the 7-12 month group, and 17 cases in the >12 month group. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expressions of MECP2 and HDAC6 in tissues of each group, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction gene amplification fluorescence detection technology was used to detect the expressions of MECP2mRNA and HDAC6 mRNA, and the differences between each group were compared. SPSS20.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained in the experiment, and one-way ANOVAwas used to test the differences between the groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#MECP2 protein is gradually expressed in normal skin (1 326.4±572.3), normal scar (2 341.4±816.2), hypertrophic scar (3 500.7±1407.6) and keloid (4 787.9±1 514.3), F=33.82, P=0.001. Similarly, the expression of MECP2mRNA in normal skin (0.82±0.43), normal scar (1v14±0.45), hypertrophic scar (1.59±0.39) and keloid (2.14±0.53) was also gradually increased, F=23.4, P=0.001. In normal skin (1 332.5±746.7) and normal scar (2 307.7±1 027.4), hypertrophic scar (4 107.4±1 223.1) and keloid, the level of HDAC6 protein expression (5 155.9±1 265.3) were significant different, F = 50.27, P=0.001.There were still statistically significant differences in HDAC6mRNA between normal skin (0.57±0.23), normal scar(1.03±0.35), hypertrophic scar (1.47±0.31) and keloid (1.87±0.45), F=38.06, P=0.001.In hypertrophic scar, there was no significant difference in MECP2 between the 0-3 month group (4 758.4±660.1) and the 4-6 month group (4 602.4 ±583.9), F=1.28, P=0.97), 7-12 month (3 000.7±982.7) group and >12 month (1 990.7 ±992.3)group of MECP2 expression quantity decrease, F=25.8, P=0.001; There was no significant difference in the level of HDAC6 protein in the 0-3 month (5 069.3±1 236.1) group and 4-6 month (5 316.7±1 237.4) group, F=1.02, P=0.98, and the expression was significantly reduced in the 7-12 month (3 084.7±1 685.5) group and the>12 month (2 304.6±1 337.1)group, F=11.41, P=0.001.@*Conclusions@#MECP2 and HDAC6 play a critical role in the formation of scarring in the human body. Epigenetic regulation mediated by MECP2 and HDAC6 is an important target for inhibiting scar formation.

Therapeutic effect of 90Sr dynamic therapy in the treatment of pathological scar / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To study the therapeutic effect of surgery combined with 90Sr dynamic therapy used in pathological scar.@*Methods@#323 cases of pathological scar were treated with 90Sr dynamic therapy after surgery from June 2010 to June 2014. Initial treatment regimen was made according to the growth characteristics of pathological scar. Then adjusting the treatment programs according to the treatment response.The treatment effect and complications were compared between the new treatment regimen and traditional regimen used in 252 patients (June 2006 to May 2010). SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis of data. Chi-square test was used for comparison of the differences between groups. The scars Vancouver scores were analyzed by one-way ANOVA two years after treatment. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#The absorption rate in the proliferative phase of the dynamic treatment group was (4.32±0.00) cGy.s-1.cm-2, which was higher than that in the traditional treatment group (3.24±0.00) cGy.s-1.cm-2(F=1.742, P=0.000). Two years after treatment, the score in the dynamic treatment group was (2.94±1.22) points, which was lower than that in the traditional treatment group (4.21±1.68) (F=93.841, P=0.000); the complication rate and recurrence rate were 0.9% (3/323) and 0.6% (2/323) in dynamic treatment group while 11.1% (28/252) and 9.5% (24/252) in traditional treatment group, respectively. The difference was statistically significant(χ2=457.69, P=0.000; χ2=457.70, P=0.000).@*Conclusions@#The treatment of surgery combined with 90Sr isotope is effective in pathological scar, but treatment programs should be developed as a dynamic treatment according to the individual characteristics of the pathological scar.

Observation on the clinical application effects of skin distractor on the treatment of scars / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To explore clinical application effects of skin distractor on the treatment of scars and to observe effects of skin distractor with different pull speeds on different parts scars of human body.@*Methods@#One hundred and four patients with scars, conforming to the study criteria, were hospitalized in our unit from January 2014 to June 2015. Patients were divided into 2 mm/d group and 4 mm/d group according to the random number table, with 52 patients in each group. After admission, skin distractors were pasted on scars in face and neck, trunk, and extremities of patients in 2 groups, with inner edges of pasteboards close to outside edges of longer sides of scars. Skin distractors in 2 mm/d group and 4 mm/d group were pulled to scars axis direction as speeds of 2 mm/d and 4 mm/d, respectively. Pull time equals values of pull speeds divided by width of scars. Scars were resected after finishing pulling. Immediately after scars resection, skin distractors were pasted again with inner edges of pasteboards close to outside edges of longer sides of incision and removed when stitches were taken out. Scars of patients were scored by Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was used to record scores of patient scar assessment scale (PSAS), observer scar assessment scale (OSAS) and overall scores of patients and observers of scars of patients before and one year after scars resection. Data were processed with χ2 test, independent samples t test, paired samples t test, independent samples non-parametric rank-sum test and paired samples non-parametric rank-sum test.@*Results@#(1) Scores of all scars of patients in 2 groups before scars resection were close (with t values from -1.384 to 0.622, P values above 0.05), obviously higher than those of one year post scars resection (with t values from 11.085 to 24.835, P values below 0.01). Scores of scars in face and neck, trunk and extremities in 2 groups before scars resection were close (with Z values from -1.651 to -0.035, t values from -1.549 to 0.219, P values above 0.05), significantly higher than those of one year post scar resection (with Z values from -2.992 to -2.555, t values from 8.739 to 19.076, P values below 0.01). (2) Scores of all scars of patients in 2 mm/d group of one year post scars resection were lower than those in 4 mm/d group (with t values from -2.583 to -2.018, P values below 0.05). PSAS scores of scars in face and neck and trunk in 2 mm/d group of one year post scars resection were lower than those in 4 mm/d group (with Z values respectively -2.385 and -2.198, P values below 0.05), other scores of scars in face and neck and trunk of patients in 2 groups of one year post scars resection were close (with Z values from -1.841 to -0.363, P values above 0.05). VSS scores, PSAS scores, OSAS scores, patients′ overall scores, and observers′ overall scores in 2 mm/d groups were (4.6±0.8), (28±4), (28±4), (4.7±0.7), (4.8±1.4) points, respectively, lower than those in 4 mm/d group[(5.2±0.8), (32±4), (31±6), (5.5±1.2), (5.5±1.0) points, respectively, with t values from -3.712 to -2.105, P<0.05 or P<0.01].@*Conclusions@#Skin distractor has better effects on the treatment of scars, and treatment effects of skin distractor in extremities pulled by 2 mm/d are better than those pulled by 4 mm/d.

Multi-center clinical study of the Huhang Burn Liniment accelerate healing of second degree burn wounds / 重庆医学

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the Huhang Burn Liniment in the treatment of Ⅱ degree burn wounds.Methods 400 cases of Ⅱ[degree burn patients admitted to the 4 research centers were divided into two groups(n=200).The treatment group was treated with external Huhang Burn Liniment and the control group was treated with topical silver sulfadiazine silver paste.The wound healing,safety and effect of treatment were compared between two groups.Results The wound healing time in treatment group was significantly better than that of control group (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in bacterial infection rate and VAS score between two groups.After treatment,the bacterial infection rate and the degree of pain relief in the treatment group were significantly better than those in control group(P＜0.05).The cure rate and total effective rate in treatment group were 84.0 ％ and 97.5 ％ respectively,while the control group were 72 ％ and 87 ％,the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The Huhang Burn Liniment can effectively promote wound healing,inhibit the growth of bacteria,it's safe and reliable.

The Expression of DNMT1 in Pathologic Scar Fibroblasts and the Effect of 5-aza-2-Deoxycytidine on Cytokines of Pathologic Scar Fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in pathologic scar fibroblasts, as well as the influence of methylase inhibitor, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, on pathological scars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples of 31 keloids, 20 hypertrophic scars, and 25 normal skins were taken to test the expression rate of DNMT1 by immunohistochemistry. Primary fibroblasts were cultured with the monoplast method. Samples were categorized into the keloid group (K group), 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine keloid intervention group (K+ group), normal skin group (N group), hypertrophic scar group (H group), and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine hypertrophic scar intervention group (H+ group). The expressions of DNMT1, transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), and Smad7 mRNA in each group were detected with realtime polymerase chain reaction. The effect of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine on the cell cycle and apoptosis of pathologic scar fibroblasts were analyzed with flow cytometry. RESULTS: The expression rate of DNMT1 was 100% in keloid fibroblasts, 90% in hyperplastic scar fibroblasts, and 8% in normal skin fibroblasts. After the intervention with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine in the K+ group, the expression of DNMT1 and TGF-ß1 mRNA was lower, Smad7 mRNA was elevated in pathological scar fibroblasts, the flow cytometry showed the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase were increased, and the proportion of apoptosis cells were also increased, with similar changes in the cells in the H and H+ groups. CONCLUSION: DNMT1 may play a vital role on the generation of pathological scars. Methylaze inhibitors 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine may influence the related cytokines of pathological scars, inhibit proliferation, and promote apoptosis of pathological scar fibroblasts. The generation of pathological scars may be related with methylation of certain genes. 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine be a new choice for the treatment of pathological scars.

Analysis of bacterial spectrum in diabetes ulcer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the features of bacterial spectrum and drug resistance in diabetic ulcer.Methods Excretion specimen of diabetic ulcer from 130 patients admitted into our hospital from Mar.2010 to Sep.2011 were collected for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test.28 antibiotics were chosen from 35commonly used antibiotics to test antibiotic sensitivity to decide whether the antibiotic was sensitive (S),intermediate sensitive (I),or resistant (R).Results 19 strains were isolated from 130 cases.Staphylococcus aureus with 14.62 ％ (19 cases)rated the first,followed by escherichia coli with 13.85％ (18 cases),proteus mirabilis with 13.08％ (17 cases),staphylococcus epidermidis with 12.31％ (16 cases),enterococcus faecalis with 12.31％ (16 cases),acinetobacter baumannii with 10.77％ (14 cases).Antibiotics with high sensitivity to Gram-positive bacteria were tigecycline and vancomycin while with high sensitivity to Gram-negative bacteria were imipenem and amikacin.Conclusions Bacteria of diabetic ulcer are commonly resistant to antibiotics.It is of great importance for clinical rational drug use to know the distribution and resistance of commonly encountered bacteria.

Expression of TAT-Smad7-HA fusion protein and validation of its transduction activity / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To construct,express,purify,identify and label the TAT-Smad7-HA fusion protein (protein transduction domain of trans-activator,human Smad7 and hyaluronic acid) and to validate its transduction activity in the cultured human primary keloid fibroblast cells. Methods TAT-PTD,Smad7 and HA fragments were sequentially inserted into pET32a(+) to construct the pTAT-Smad7-HA prokaryotic expression vector. After the expression of target fusion protein was induced to express by IPTG,affinity purification,Western blot analysis,enterokinase cleavage,target protein capture and FITC labeling were subsequently performed by turns to obtain the FITC-TAT-Smad7-HA fusion protein and to further observe its transduction activity in the human primary KFB cells in vitro. Results The prokaryotic expression vector for the TAT-Smad7-HA fusion protein,named as pTAT-Smad7-HA was successfully constructed,and the target fusion protein was efficiently induced to express,covering more than 25% of the total bacterial proteins,successfully purified with a purity of more than 95% purity,desalted by desalting column,identified by Western blotting,thioredoxin removed and FITC labeled. Finally,a fusion protein of FITC-TAT-Smad7-HA with the approximately molecular weight of 50?103 was successfully purified and its high transduction activity in KFB cells was validated. Conclusion The highly-purified FITC-TAT-Smad7-HA fusion protein and the validation of its high transduction activity in KFB cells have provided an experimental foundation for further studies on the role the human Smad7 protein playing in the TGF-?/Smads signal transduction pathway and further elucidation of the pathogenesis of keloid formation.

Preparation of Capsaicin Liposome and Its Stability Investigation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Capsaicin liposome and to investigate its stability.METHODS:0.075%capsaicin li-posome(W/V)was prepared with thin-film dispersion and micro-fluidic technology.The stability indices such as grain size,surface potential and encapsulation efficiency were investigated.RESULTS:The prepared liposome was characterized by small and steady grain size.No obvious changes were found in appearance,grain size,surface potential and encapsulation efficiency of liposome under the airtight storage for9days or stored at4℃for10months.CONCLUSIONS:The technology of liposome can encapsulate capsaicin,and maintain good stability in the short period of time.

Serum and Urine Zinc Levels after Application of Anhydro-Sulfadiazine Zinc in Burn Wound / 中国药房

0.05),but the 24h urine zinc level increased markedly(P

The effects of the volume of the breast implants on the capsule sclerosis and the management of the breast capsule sclerosis after augmentation mammoplasty / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To discuss the relationship between the volume of the breast implants and the capsule sclerosis as well as the management of the breast capsule sclerosis after augmentation mammoplasty.Methods:Two groups were divided in 422 cases:group A with 147 cases where the actually used volume of breast implant was larger than or equal to the predictive volume,and group B with 275 cases where the actually used volume of breast implant was less than the predictive volume.The breast capsule sclerosis after augmentation mammoplasty in both groups was observed in the following 1～6 years,and 106 cases of breast capsule sclerosis were treated in different ways.Results:The breast capsule sclerosis occurred in 29 cases in group A (19.73%) and 34 cases in group B (12.36%),and the difference was significant ( P