Effect of Lysosomes on Extending Vase Life of Cut Flowers.

In this study, we were investigated the effect of lysosomal extracts (named as lysosomal enzymes) on extending the vase life of cut flowers. The results confirmed that senescence of cut freesia treated with lysosomal enzymes delayed. Also, the results for cut roses and lilies showed a similar pattern. In the case of them the fresh weight was lower than that of the control group, but time the ornamental value was retained increased by about 2 days. The reasons have explained as results by the change including stomata, accumulation of microbial population, and soluble carbohydrate contents. In conclusion, pretreatment with lysosomal enzymes has enhanced vase life and ornamental value of cut flowers. It has an important significance in improving the marketability of cut flowers in the flower industry. Therefore, lysosomal enzymes have the potential to be used sufficiently as eco-friendly and effective materials for pretreatment agents in the cut flower industry.

YPT7's deletion regulates yeast vacuoles' activity.

The yeast vacuole is functionally corresponding to vacuoles in eukaryote cells, it consists of a fusion protein that assists in the fusion of vacuoles and plays an important role in many processes. In addition, chemicals such as NH4Cl can reduce the size of vacuoles but as a side effect that also inhibits vacuoles making them inactive. In this study, to develop pre-treatments for extending the life of cut flowers, we constructed recombinant yeast using the fusion protein YPT7 and confirmed the activity of down-sized vacuoles. All the vacuoles of the recombinant yeast except vacuoles from recombinant yeast (MBTL-MYH-3) were found to be small vacuoles than mock (MBTL-MYH-0) and YPT7 overexpression model (MBTL-MYH-1). To confirm their activity, we conducted a test for antimicrobial activity. The results showed the other vacuoles of recombinant yeast had lower antimicrobial activity than the mock control, most of them showed about 60 % to 80 % of the antimicrobial activity. However, MBTL-MYH-3, whose vacuole did not change its size, showed antimicrobial activity lower than 40 %. Therefore, the cut flowers are better able to absorb smaller vacuoles after using the fusion protein YPT7. We expect that absorbing vacuoles more effective to senescence of cut flower than vacuolar enzymes.

Lysosomes Alteration in HeLa Cell Exposed with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid, the Ethylene Precursor of Plant Hormones.

The study of senescence preservative on cut flowers helps boost the commercial value of flowers. Senescence in cut flower is associated with an increase of ethylene production, and is significantly influenced by ethylene pathway. This study was conducted to investigate whether S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) involved in the ethylene synthesis process are correlated with the lysosome. The alterations of lysosome which was treated with the ethylene precursors ACC and SAM in HeLa cell using the confocal laser scanning microscope were investigated. According to the experimental results, the activity of lysosomes increased concentration dependently by ACC treatment, however, no change was observed by SAM treatment. In addition, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis was performed to confirm the effect of lysosomal enzyme (LE) extracted from egg white on ACC reduction, but no change was observed. On the contrary, to confirm the effect of ACC on lysosomes, lysosomes were extracted from HeLa cells treated with 5 mM ACC and confirmed by FE-SEM. The results showed that the size of lysosomes treated with ACC is larger than that of the control, which was treated with distilled water. The lysosomes in the control group were distributed in various ranges from 0 to 800 nm, but those treated with 5 mM ACC were in the range of 400 nm to 800 nm or more. Therefore, lysosomes had no effect on ACC, the precursor of ethylene, the aging hormone of cut flowers, however, ACC had effect on lysosomes.

Encapsulation of daunorubicin into Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived lysosome as drug delivery vehicles for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment.

Lysosome, an intracellular organelle with an acid interior, contains acidic hydrolases and specific membrane proteins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains vacuoles (corresponding to lysosomes) that have similar lipid composition membrane to mammalian cell membrane. However, yeast vacuoles do not cause significant immune stimulation in vivo. Taking advantage of these structural similarities and bio-derived strengths, the present study describes encapsulation of daunorubicin into lysosome derived from S. cerevisiae as drug delivery vehicles for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Daunorubicin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer, specifically for AML. In this study, recombinant S. cerevisiae that could keep the small size of lysosomal vacuoles was constructed. Appropriate time and concentration to encapsulate the drug were then identified. In addition, release profile and anticancer effect of the drug in lysosome carriers were confirmed. According to this study, a more accurate encapsulation condition into lysosome can be optimized and potential application of S. cerevisiae derived lysosomes as drug carriers is confirmed.