Renewable Syngas Generation via Low-Temperature Electrolysis: Opportunities and Challenges.

The production of syngas (i.e., a mixture of CO and H2) via the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and water can contribute to the green transition of various industrial sectors. Here we provide a joint academic-industrial perspective on the key technical and economical differences of the concurrent (i.e., CO and H2 are generated in the same electrolyzer cell) and separated (i.e., CO and H2 are electrogenerated in different electrolyzers) production of syngas. Using a combination of literature analysis, experimental data, and techno-economic analysis, we demonstrate that the production of synthesis gas is notably less expensive if we operate a CO2 electrolyzer in a CO-selective mode and combine it with a separate PEM electrolyzer for H2 generation. We also conclude that by the further decrease of the cost of renewable electricity and the increase of CO2 emission taxes, such prepared renewable syngas will become cost competitive.

[Vitamin D supply of patients with hip fracture]. / A csípotáji csonttörést szenvedett betegek D-vitamin-ellátottsága.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for fractures. However, there are few data available only on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and recovery after surgery for hip fracture. AIM: The authors investigate the vitamin D supply of patients with hip fractures. METHOD: Between February and September 2013, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels were determined in 203 patients with hip fracture (74.8±11.5 ys; 67 men and 136 women) and in 74 control subjects. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism occurred significantly more frequently in patients with hip fracture than in control subjects (72% vs. 45%, and 33% vs. 17%, respectively). Patients with better condition after surgery showed higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (p<0.001) than those with poor condition. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were lower in the 31 patients who died [median of survival time: 19 (5-52) days] compared to those who survived [22.6 (9.5-45.0) vs. 33.0 (16.5-56.6) nmol/l]. CONCLUSIONS: The association between vitamin-D deficiency and mortality as well as the positive correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and better postoperative condition confirm the importance of proper vitamin D supply in the prevention and cure of hip fractures, what is more in the increase of the chance of survival.

[Follow-up our patients with proximal humeral fractures between 2000 and 2005]. / A felkar proximalis végének törése miatt operált betegeink utánkövetése, 2000-2005.

Authors introduced a new method in 2000 for the operative treatment of proximal end of the humerus. Because of the anatomical properties of the shoulder, great emphasis is placed on the protection of the soft tissues of the joint, the minimal invasive operative technique. On the other hand, the osteoporosis, which presents itself in the old age, makes the osteosynthesis more difficult; the proportion of complication is high in spite of the most careful treatment. Authors collected the materials of these 6 years and they have ordered their operated patients back for examination. After a physical and RTG examinations the results have been assessed using the Constant-score. The results were assessed from two points of view: how they can be influenced by the operative methods or independently from them. One of the most common complications is the wandering of the fixed metals, the break move again. To prevent this, authors found that the foreign methods adapted for local use are too expensive and they used the locally made Kurucz's threaded wire. They stated in their researches that, the applied implants serve the purpose; they bring expected results from the material considerate operative procedure. Despite these facts we can not consider the treatment of the serious porotic shoulder joint fractures solved. The high ratio complication of humeral head's necrosis is independent from the applied method. For the treatment of these fractures the extensive application of the shoulder joint arthroplasty is necessary.