Operationalisation of quality of life for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities to improve their inclusion.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) is regarded as a framework to enhance inclusive education outcomes in different domains for all students, especially for those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Assessment tools are needed to implement this framework. Although there is a long trajectory of QoL assessment in people with IDD, we identify a lack of instruments for students with IDD who attend to general education contexts. AIMS: The goal of this study is to produce a pool of items in order to develop a field-test version of a QoL instrument for this target group. METHODS: 14 educational professionals participated in a four-round Delphi study, assessing the content of the items proposed according to four criteria (suitability, importance, observability and sensitivity). RESULTS: The results of this study provided evidence of content validity regarding the pool of items that will be included in a field-test version. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained are important for the development of a QoL assessment tool to improve the inclusion of students with IDD in general education settings.

Innominate Artery Dissection Caused by Video-Mediastinoscopy.

Mediastinoscopy is considered a safe technique to biopsy mediastinal lesions. Among its complications, vascular ones are the most common. We present a rare case of intimal dissection of the innominate artery during the performance of a mediastinoscopy that caused an ischemic attack from which the patient recovered completely without long-term sequelae. We analyze the possible causes and risk factors of this complication.

Un caso raro de mediastinitis necrosante descendente / An Unusual Case of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis

No disponible

Infarto renal agudo: características clínicas y factores pronósticos / Acute renal infarction: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors

Introducción: El infarto renal agudo (INRA) es una patología de diagnóstico infrecuente, cuya incidencia real es probablemente superior a la detectada, y que asocia una evolución desfavorable en un alto porcentaje de casos. Objetivos: Describir las principales características clínicas, bioquímicas y radiológicas, y determinar qué factores se asocian a una peor evolución (muerte o deterioro permanente de la función renal). Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional, que incluyó a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de INRA mediante TAC con contraste en un único hospital durante 18 años. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según el origen cardiogénico o no cardiogénico del INRA. Se analizaron las principales características clínicas, bioquímicas y radiológicas, y, mediante un modelo de regresión logística multivariante, se determinaron los factores asociados a una peor evolución. Resultados: Se incluyeron 62 casos, de los que 30 fueron de origen cardiogénico. Los 32 pacientes con INRA no cardiogénico eran más jóvenes, con menos comorbilidad y menor frecuencia de tratamiento previo con anticoagulación. La extensión media de daño isquémico por radiología fue del 35%, sin observarse diferencias entre los subgrupos etiológicos. El 38% de los pacientes tuvo una evolución desfavorable, y los principales determinantes fueron: la función renal al diagnóstico (eGFR) (OR=0,949; IC 95%: 0,918-0,980; p=0,002) y la anticoagulación oral antes del episodio agudo (OR=0,135; IC 95%: 0,032-0,565; p=0,006). Conclusiones: El INRA es una patología infrecuente, con manifestaciones clínicas poco específicas y, en más de la mitad de los casos, no asociada a enfermedad cardiaca o arritmias. Una alta proporción de pacientes evoluciona desfavorablemente. La función renal al diagnóstico es uno de los principales factores pronósticos (AU)

Introduction: Acute renal infarction (ARI) is an uncommon disease, whose real incidence is probably higher than expected. It is associated with poor prognosis in a high percentage of cases. Objectives: To describe the main clinical, biochemical and radiologic features and to determine which factors are associated with poor prognosis (death or permanent renal injury). Materials and methods: The following is a retrospective, observational, single-hospital-based study. All patients diagnosed with ARI by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) over an 18-year period were included. Patients were classified according to the cardiac or non-cardiac origin of their disease. Clinical, biochemical and radiologic features were analysed, and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with poor prognosis. Results: A total of 62 patients were included, 30 of which had a cardiac origin. Other 32 patients with non-cardiac ARI were younger, had less comorbidity, and were less frequently treated with oral anticoagulants. CT scans estimated mean injury extension at 35%, with no differences observed between groups. A total of 38% of patients had an unfavourable outcome, and the main determinants were: Initial renal function (OR=0.949; IC 95% 0.918-0.980; p=0.002), and previous treatment with oral anticoagulants (OR=0.135; IC 95% 0.032-0.565; p=0.006). Conclusions: ARI is a rare pathology with non-specific symptoms, and it is not associated with cardiological disease or arrhythmias in more than half of cases. A substantial proportion of patients have unfavourable outcomes, and the initial renal function is one of the main prognostic factors (AU)

Acute renal infarction: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors.

INTRODUCTION: Acute renal infarction (ARI) is an uncommon disease, whose real incidence is probably higher than expected. It is associated with poor prognosis in a high percentage of cases. OBJECTIVES: To describe the main clinical, biochemical and radiologic features and to determine which factors are associated with poor prognosis (death or permanent renal injury). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following is a retrospective, observational, single-hospital-based study. All patients diagnosed with ARI by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) over an 18-year period were included. Patients were classified according to the cardiac or non-cardiac origin of their disease. Clinical, biochemical and radiologic features were analysed, and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with poor prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients were included, 30 of which had a cardiac origin. Other 32 patients with non-cardiac ARI were younger, had less comorbidity, and were less frequently treated with oral anticoagulants. CT scans estimated mean injury extension at 35%, with no differences observed between groups. A total of 38% of patients had an unfavourable outcome, and the main determinants were: Initial renal function (OR=0.949; IC 95% 0.918-0.980; p=0.002), and previous treatment with oral anticoagulants (OR=0.135; IC 95% 0.032-0.565; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: ARI is a rare pathology with non-specific symptoms, and it is not associated with cardiological disease or arrhythmias in more than half of cases. A substantial proportion of patients have unfavourable outcomes, and the initial renal function is one of the main prognostic factors.