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1.
Saúde Soc ; 28(4): 87-101, out.-dez. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058990

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar los discursos de profesionales y adolescentes sobre los factores que dificultan y potencializan el acceso de esta población a los servicios de salud (SS) y los efectos que generan en el alcance de la equidad en un estado de Venezuela. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas con adolescentes y 12 con profesionales, teniendo como base el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y la estructura triangular de Thiede, Akweongo y McIntyre. Los resultados se estructuraron en tres temas: el poder de los estereotipos y creencias; la ley al margen del derecho a la salud y construyendo prácticas humanizadas. El marco jurídico-legal admite contradicciones inaceptables que amplían las desigualdades. La edad predomina como una barrera para atender a adolescentes solas/solos, aunque no es percibida como tal por profesionales y está naturalizada como requisito obligatorio. Las/los adolescentes reivindican el derecho de ser respetados, escuchados y atendidos solos. Unos profesionales defienden aplicar de forma rígida normas que limitan el acceso, y otros intentan generar formas que lo garanticen. Los discursos que confrontan el hegemónico deben ser valorizados porque muestran que es posible facilitar el acceso con estrategias que se centren en los usuarios. La confianza aparece como un valor importante en la formación de vínculos entre profesionales/adolescentes. La brecha entre perspectivas de profesionales/adolescentes influenciada por la cultura organizacional son elementos para (re)pensar nuevas posturas institucionales en los SS que faciliten el acceso. El ACD permite dar voz a grupos minoritarios (adolescentes), identificando estrategias para alcanzar la equidad en el acceso a los SS.


Abstract The aim was to analyze the discourses of professionals and adolescents about the factors that hinder and potentiate this population's access to health services (HS) and the effects it generates in the scope of equity in a Venezuelan state. Twelve interviews were conducted with adolescents and 12 with professionals, based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and the triangular structure of Thiede, Akweongo and McIntyre. The results were structured around three themes: the power of stereotypes and beliefs; the law outside the right to health; and building humanized practices. The judicial-legal framework admits unacceptable contradictions that amplify inequalities. Age predominates as a barrier to consultation for alone adolescents, although it is not perceived by professionals and is accepted as a mandatory requirement. Adolescents claim the right to be respected, listened and cared when they are alone. Some professionals defend the rigid application of norms that limit access, and others try to generate forms to guarantee rights. The discourses that confront the hegemonic must be valued because they show that it is possible to facilitate the access with strategies that focus the users. Trust appears as an important value in the formation of links between professionals/adolescents. The gap between professional/adolescent perspectives influenced by organizational culture are elements for (re)thinking new institutional positions in HS to facilitate the access. The CDA makes it possible to give a voice to minority groups (adolescents), identifying strategies to achieve equity in access to the HS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Health Equity , Health Law , Humanization of Assistance , Health Services Accessibility
2.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 53(1): 29-36, ene. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690366

ABSTRACT

La transmisión de parásitos intestinales a través del agua representa un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Considerando la importancia del agua como uno de los recursos renovables más importantes para el hombre por su utilidad, abundancia y amplia distribución en la naturaleza, la contaminación de ésta con excretas humanas y animales, favorecen la transmisión de infecciones parasitarias. A fin de determinar la presencia de protozoarios intestinales en el agua para consumo humano del pozo profundo en la comunidad 18 de Mayo, municipio Francisco Linares Alcántara y en 10 casas seleccionadas de la misma comunidad, se tomaron muestras de 20 litros en cada punto, por duplicado, y se aplicó la técnica de concentración por floculación, para posteriormente realizar observación directa utilizando solución salina y lugol; y se empleó el método de Kinyoun. Adicionalmente, al agua del pozo se le realizó el análisis fisicoquímico. Se observó presencia de protozoarios patógenos y comensales en 90% de las muestras provenientes de las viviendas. En las muestras del pozo profundo se evidenciaron quistes de Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli y Endolimax nana; no se observó la presencia de coccidios ni microsporidias intestinales. La desinfección del agua del pozo que surte esta comunidad es de suma importancia, además de recomendar a las comunidades el tratamiento del agua de consumo.


The transmission of intestinal parasites through water represents one of the world’s most prominent public health problems. Water is one of the most important renewable resources for the man, for its usefulness, abundance and wide distribution in the nature, but human and animal excretion contamination in potable water favors the transmission of parasitic infections. In order to determinate the presence of intestinal protozoans in drinking water from the deep-wells and in 10 selected houses in the 18 de Mayo community of Francisco Linares Alcantara municipality, Aragua State, two 20 liter water samples were taken and processed through the concentration by flocculation technique for direct observation using physiological saline solution and lugol, and the Kinyoun coloration technique. Additionally, physicochemical analysis was conducted on the well water. Pathogenic and commensal protozoans were observed in 90% of the analyzed samples. Cysts of Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana were found in the deep-well sample but not intestinal coccidia and microsporidia. The disinfection of the well water that supplies this community is really important, and it is recommended that the community’s drinking water be routinely treated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Child , Water/parasitology , Parasites , Protozoan Infections , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Public Health , Water Pollution
3.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 53(1): 82-87, ene. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690374

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de determinar el porcentaje de población susceptible frente a la fiebre amarilla se realizó estudio de campo,observacional, descriptivo, seleccionando muestra aleatoria y estratificada de 500 sujetos por procedimiento para Monitoreo Rápido de Cobertura (MRC), distribuidos por parroquias y sectores con bajas coberturas administrativas de vacunación. La cobertura real del municipio obtenida por MRC fue de 89%, mientras que la administrativa era 114%; estimándose en general, 11% de susceptibles para fiebre amarilla, siendo este porcentaje mayor en niños menores de 1 año (75%) y de un año (44%) de edad. En conclusión, las coberturas vacunales reales son menores a lo establecido en Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (mínimo de 95%), por lo que se recomienda reforzar el trabajo para aumentar la cobertura vacunal.


In order to determine population susceptibility against yellow fever, an observational, and descriptive study was conducted, selecting a stratified random sample of 500 subjects per procedure for Rapid Coverage Monitoring (RCM), distributed by administrative areas with low vaccination coverage. The real coverage of municipality was 89%, while administrative coverage was 114% in general, with estimated 11% of people susceptible to yellow fever, being even higher in children aged one year (44%). In conclusion, real vaccination coverage is less than the provisions of the Expanded Program on Immunization (minimum of 95%), so it is recommended that immunization coverage be increased and reinforced.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccination Coverage , Yellow Fever , Epidemiologic Factors
6.
Cien Saude Colet ; 16(3): 1887-98, 2011 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21519677

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the application of the explanatory moment of the Strategic Situational Planning (SSP) and the Analysis of the Situation of Health (ASIS), as approaches that together, allow to prioritize with a look from the equity problems of health in the local level feasible of intervention. By using the case study developed in the parish Zuata of Aragua State, Venezuela, it can be observed the application of both approaches The main actors of the above mentioned parish prioritized the low coverage of drinkable water, like a health problem. On having analyzed the problem, the following causes were selected to prepare the proposed action: scarce community participation, weakness of governmental plans, absence of political town-planning, inadequate administration of the public resources and lack of conscience in the rational use of water. At the end one concludes that the joint PES-ASIS allows to generate inputs that concretized for the actors in an action plan, they can contribute in the reduction of inequities. Also, the active participation of the actors allows to demonstrate the real problems of the population and to construct a plan of demands.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Planning/organization & administration , Health Priorities , Social Justice , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Venezuela
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 16(3): 1887-1898, mar. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582487

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se analiza la aplicación del momento explicativo de la Planificación Estratégica Situacional (PES) y el Análisis de la Situación de Salud (ASIS), como enfoques que conjugados permiten priorizar con una mirada desde la equidad problemas de salud en el nivel local factibles de intervención. A través del estudio de un caso desarrollado en la parroquia Zuata del Estado Aragua, Venezuela, se presenta la aplicación de ambos enfoques. Los actores claves de dicha parroquia priorizaron la baja cobertura de agua potable, como problema de salud. Al analizar el problema se seleccionaron las siguientes causas claves para elaborar la propuesta de acción: escasa participación comunitaria, debilidad de planes gubernamentales, ausencia de políticas urbanísticas, inadecuada administración de los recursos públicos y poca conciencia en el uso racional del agua. Al final se concluye que la articulación PES-ASIS contribuye a generar insumos que concretizados por los actores en un plan de acción, pueden contribuir en la reducción de inequidades. Asimismo, la participación activa de los actores permite evidenciar los problemas reales de la población y construir un plan de demandas.


This article analyzes the application of the explanatory moment of the Strategic Situational Planning (SSP) and the Analysis of the Situation of Health (ASIS), as approaches that together, allow to prioritize with a look from the equity problems of health in the local level feasible of intervention. By using the case study developed in the parish Zuata of Aragua State, Venezuela, it can be observed the application of both approaches The main actors of the above mentioned parish prioritized the low coverage of drinkable water, like a health problem. On having analyzed the problem, the following causes were selected to prepare the proposed action: scarce community participation, weakness of governmental plans, absence of political town-planning, inadequate administration of the public resources and lack of conscience in the rational use of water. At the end one concludes that the joint PES-ASIS allows to generate inputs that concretized for the actors in an action plan, they can contribute in the reduction of inequities. Also, the active participation of the actors allows to demonstrate the real problems of the population and to construct a plan of demands.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Planning/organization & administration , Health Priorities , Social Justice , Health Services Needs and Demand , Socioeconomic Factors , Venezuela
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