ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: More than a century ago, Ortner described a case of cardiovocal syndrome wherein he attributed a case of left vocal fold immobility to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by a dilated left atrium in a patient with mitral valve stenosis. Since then, the term Ortner's syndrome has come to encompass any nonmalignant, cardiac, intrathoracic process that results in embarrassment of either recurrent laryngeal nerve-usually by stretching, pulling, or compression; and causes vocal fold paralysis. Not surprisingly, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, with its longer course around the aortic arch, is more frequently involved than the right nerve, which passes around the subclavian artery. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the pathogenesis of hoarseness resulting from cardiovascular disorders involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve along with the findings of literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper reports a series of four cases of Ortner's syndrome occurring due to different causes. DESIGN: Case study. RESULT: Ortner's syndrome could be a cause of hoarseness of voice in patients with cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: Although hoarseness of voice is frequently encountered in the Otolaryngology outpatient department, cardiovascular- related hoarseness is an unusual presentation. Indirect laryngoscopy should be routinely performed in all cases of heart disease.
Subject(s)
Heart Diseases/complications , Laryngeal Nerves , Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Hoarseness/diagnosis , Hoarseness/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vocal Cord Paralysis/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Introduction and objective: Fibrous dysplasia is a non-neoplastic lesion of unknown origin with one-fourth involving head and neck. The aim of this paper is to report a case of fibrous dysplasia of the maxillary sinus, describing its clinical presentation, radiological features, histopathological appearance and surgical management. Case report: 38-year-old female patient who presented with a history of fullness of the right cheek and intraoral swelling was diagnosed to have fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla with involvement of the maxillary sinus based on the radiological features. The case was managed surgically via a conventional Caldwell-Luc approach. The histopathology of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia. Conclusion: Fibrous dysplasia is a benign non-neoplastic lesion of unknown origin that rarely involves the maxillary sinus. This case report highlights the clinical, radiological and pathological features of fibrous dysplasia and its surgical management. Conventional Caldwell-Luc approach allows more exposure and ensures complete removal of the lesion.
