Telematic Interview in Telepharmacy: a comprehensive guide for pharmacotherapeutic follow-up and and informed drug delivery. / [Artículo traducido] Entrevista telemática en telefarmacia: documento de consenso para el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico y la entrega informada de medicamentos.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica, as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field. It highlights the benefits of telematic interviewing for patients, hospital pharmacy professionals, and the healthcare system as a whole, reviews the various tools for conducting telematic interviews, and provides recommendations for each phase of the interview. These recommendations cover aspects such as tool/platform selection, patient selection, obtaining authorization and consent, assessing technological skills, defining objectives and structure, scheduling appointments, reviewing medical records, and ensuring humane treatment. Telematic interview is a valuable complement to face-to-face consultations but its novelty requires a strategic and formal framework that this consensus document aims to cover. The use of appropriate communication tools and compliance with recommended procedures ensure patient safety and satisfaction. By implementing telematic interviews, healthcare institutions can improve patient care, optimize the use of resources and promote continuity of care.

Telematic interview in telepharmacy: consensus document for farmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed drug delivery.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, "Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica," as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field. It highlights the benefits of telematic interviewing for patients, hospital pharmacy professionals, and the healthcare system as a whole, reviews the various tools for conducting telematic interviews, and provides recommendations for each phase of the interview. These recommendations cover aspects such as tool/platform selection, patient selection, obtaining authorization and consent, assessing technological skills, defining objectives and structure, scheduling appointments, reviewing medical records, and ensuring humane treatment. Telematic interview is a valuable complement to face-to-face consultations but its novelty requires a strategic and formal framework that this consensus document aims to cover. The use of appropriate communication tools and compliance with recommended procedures ensure patient safety and satisfaction. By implementing telematic interviews, healthcare institutions can improve patient care, optimize the use of resources and promote continuity of care.

The Telepharmacy patient prioritisation model of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy.

The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Position Paper on Telepharmacy states that the inclusion of patients should take into account  ethical considerations and, therefore, be based on the concept of equity. Thus, it establishes that Telepharmacy should not be limited to specific  pathologies or medicines, but should be based on the individual needs of each patient: it also highlights the need to rely on selection or prioritisation models to help identify patients who can benefit from  Telepharmacy. The aim of this article is to present the Spanish Society of  Hospital Pharmacy Telepharmacy Patient Prioritisation Model, which establishes  key recommendations and a reference prioritisation model to guide  hospital pharmacists in the identification and prioritisation of patients  who are candidates for inclusion in Telepharmacy programmes. This model was  developed based on the experience of a group of experts in their clinical  practice as well as on a review of the main reference documents available in  this field. It comprises 25 criteria, grouped into 8 minimum inclusion criteria, 5 continuity criteria, and 12 recommended criteria. The latter criteria are divided  into high, medium, and low priority criteria. Patients are prioritised according  to their scores on meeting the recommended criteria, such that those with the  highest scores are given the highest priority. As stated in the Spanish Society  of Hospital Pharmacy Position Paper on Telepharmacy, pharmacotherapeutic  monitoring can be conducted via remote consultation without sending  medication, but not vice versa; thus, the 25 criteria defined apply to  Telepharmacy programmes in the area of the remote dispensing and informed  delivery of medicines, but only 19 of them apply to pharmacotherapeutic  monitoring programmes. The model presented is intended to be a reference  guide and should be adapted to the particular characteristics and  circumstances of each pharmacy service, depending on demand and available  resources.

La Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, en su Documento de  osicionamiento sobre Telefarmacia, establece que la inclusión de pacientes debe tener en cuenta consideraciones éticas y, por tanto, estar  basada en el concepto de equidad. Por ello, establece que la Telefarmacia no  debe restringirse por patologías ni medicamentos, sino en función de las  necesidades individuales de cada paciente, y destaca la necesidad de apoyarse en modelos de selección o priorización que ayuden en la  identificación de los pacientes que puedan beneficiarse de la Telefarmacia. El  objetivo de este artículo es presentar el "Modelo de priorización de pacientes  en Telefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria", que pretende establecer recomendaciones clave y un modelo de priorización de referencia que sirva de orientación a los farmacéuticos especialistas en farmacia hospitalaria para la identificación y priorización de pacientes candidatos a ser incluidos en programas de Telefarmacia. El modelo  a sido desarrollado en base a la experiencia de un grupo de expertos en su práctica clínica y a la revisión de los principales documentos de referencia disponibles en este ámbito y está conformado por un total de 25  criterios, agrupados en 8 criterios mínimos de inclusión, 5 criterios de  continuidad y 12 criterios recomendables. Estos últimos se dividen en criterios  de alta, media y baja prioridad. En función de las puntuaciones obtenidas del  cumplimiento de los criterios recomendables, se establece el orden de  prioridad de pacientes, de modo que aquellos que mayor puntuación obtengan  serán los más prioritarios. Tal como recoge el "Documento de Posicionamiento sobre Telefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria", puede  haber seguimiento farmacoterapéutico por teleconsulta sin envío de medicación, pero no al contrario, por lo que los 25 criterios definidos aplican a  programas de Telefarmacia en el ámbito de la dispensación y entrega informada de medicamentos a distancia, pero solamente 19 de ellos aplican para los programas de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. El modelo que se  presenta ha sido concebido como un marco de referencia y deberá adaptarse a las características y circunstancias particulares de cada servicio de farmacia,  en función de la demanda y de los recursos disponibles.

Modelo de priorización de pacientes en Telefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria / The Telepharmacy patient prioritisation model of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy

La Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, en su Documento de Posicionamiento sobre Telefarmacia, establece que la inclusión de pacientesdebe tener en cuenta consideraciones éticas y, por tanto, estar basada enel concepto de equidad. Por ello, establece que la Telefarmacia no deberestringirse por patologías ni medicamentos, sino en función de las necesidades individuales de cada paciente, y destaca la necesidad de apoyarseen modelos de selección o priorización que ayuden en la identificaciónde los pacientes que puedan beneficiarse de la Telefarmacia. El objetivode este artículo es presentar el “Modelo de priorización de pacientes enTelefarmacia de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria”, quepretende establecer recomendaciones clave y un modelo de priorizaciónde referencia que sirva de orientación a los farmacéuticos especialistas enfarmacia hospitalaria para la identificación y priorización de pacientescandidatos a ser incluidos en programas de Telefarmacia. El modelo hasido desarrollado en base a la experiencia de un grupo de expertos en supráctica clínica y a la revisión de los principales documentos de referenciadisponibles en este ámbito y está conformado por un total de 25 criterios,agrupados en 8 criterios mínimos de inclusión, 5 criterios de continuidad y 12 criterios recomendables. Estos últimos se dividen en criterios de alta,media y baja prioridad. En función de las puntuaciones obtenidas del cumplimiento de los criterios recomendables, se establece el orden de prioridadde pacientes, de modo que aquellos que mayor puntuación obtengan seránlos más prioritarios. (AU)

The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Position Paper on Telepharmacy states that the inclusion of patients should take into account ethicalconsiderations and, therefore, be based on the concept of equity. Thus,it establishes that Telepharmacy should not be limited to specific pathologies or medicines, but should be based on the individual needs of eachpatient: it also highlights the need to rely on selection or prioritisationmodels to help identify patients who can benefit from Telepharmacy. Theaim of this article is to present the Spanish Society of Hospital PharmacyTelepharmacy Patient Prioritisation Model, which establishes key recommendations and a reference prioritisation model to guide hospital pharmacists in the identification and prioritisation of patients who are candidatesfor inclusion in Telepharmacy programmes. This model was developedbased on the experience of a group of experts in their clinical practiceas well as on a review of the main reference documents available in thisfield. It comprises 25 criteria, grouped into 8 minimum inclusion criteria,5 continuity criteria, and 12 recommended criteria. The latter criteria aredivided into high, medium, and low priority criteria. Patients are prioritisedaccording to their scores on meeting the recommended criteria, such that those with the highest scores are given the highest priority. (AU)

Machine-learning-derived predictive score for early estimation of COVID-19 mortality risk in hospitalized patients.

The clinical course of COVID-19 is highly variable. It is therefore essential to predict as early and accurately as possible the severity level of the disease in a COVID-19 patient who is admitted to the hospital. This means identifying the contributing factors of mortality and developing an easy-to-use score that could enable a fast assessment of the mortality risk using only information recorded at the hospitalization. A large database of adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (n = 15,628; with 2,846 deceased) admitted to Spanish hospitals between December 2019 and July 2020 was analyzed. By means of multiple machine learning algorithms, we developed models that could accurately predict their mortality. We used the information about classifiers' performance metrics and about importance and coherence among the predictors to define a mortality score that can be easily calculated using a minimal number of mortality predictors and yielded accurate estimates of the patient severity status. The optimal predictive model encompassed five predictors (age, oxygen saturation, platelets, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine) and yielded a satisfactory classification of survived and deceased patients (area under the curve: 0.8454 with validation set). These five predictors were additionally used to define a mortality score for COVID-19 patients at their hospitalization. This score is not only easy to calculate but also to interpret since it ranges from zero to eight, along with a linear increase in the mortality risk from 0% to 80%. A simple risk score based on five commonly available clinical variables of adult COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital is able to accurately discriminate their mortality probability, and its interpretation is straightforward and useful.