Auxin-mediated stress relaxation in pericycle and endoderm remodeling drives lateral root initiation.

Plant development relies on the precise coordination of cell growth, which is influenced by the mechanical constraints imposed by rigid cell walls. The hormone auxin plays a crucial role in regulating this growth by altering the mechanical properties of cell walls. During the postembryonic formation of lateral roots, pericycle cells deep within the main root are triggered by auxin to resume growth and divide to form a new root. This growth involves a complex interplay between auxin, growth, and the resolution of mechanical conflicts with the overlying endodermis. However, the exact mechanisms by which this coordination is achieved are still unknown. Here, we propose a model that integrates tissue mechanics and auxin transport, revealing a connection between the auxin-induced relaxation of mechanical stress in the pericycle and auxin signaling in the endodermis. We show that the endodermis initially limits the growth of pericycle cells, resulting in a modest initial expansion. However, the associated stress relaxation is sufficient to redirect auxin to the overlying endodermis, which then actively accommodates the growth, allowing for the subsequent development of the lateral root. Our model uncovers that increased pericycle turgor and decreased endodermal resistance license expansion of the pericycle and how the topology of the endodermis influences the formation of the new root. These findings highlight the interconnected relationship between mechanics and auxin flow during lateral root initiation, emphasizing the vital role of the endodermis in shaping root development through mechanotransduction and auxin signaling.

Tunable recurrent priming of lateral roots in Arabidopsis: More than just a clock?

Lateral root (LR) formation in Arabidopsis is a continuous, repetitive, post-embryonic process regulated by a series of coordinated events and tuned by the environment. It shapes the root system, enabling plants to efficiently explore soil resources and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Although the auxin-regulated modules responsible for LR morphogenesis and emergence are well documented, less is known about the initial priming. Priming is characterised by recurring peaks of auxin signalling, which, once memorised, earmark cells to form the new LR. We review the recent experimental and modelling approaches to understand the molecular processes underlying the recurring LR formation. We argue that the intermittent priming of LR results from interweaving the pattern of auxin flow and root growth together with an oscillatory auxin-modulated transcriptional mechanism and illustrate its long-range sugar-mediated tuning by light.

Riesgos dermatológicos en trabajadores expuestos a radiación ultravioleta solar / Dermatological risks in workers exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation

Introducción: Actualmente la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) es un factor de riesgo importante en la salud de los tra-bajadores en un periodo a medio-largo plazo, ya que sus consecuencias pueden derivar en alteraciones cutáneas como el cáncer de piel.Método: El objetivo principal del trabajo es analizar la evidencia científica actual sobre las consecuencias dermato-lógicas de los trabajadores expuestos a la RUV de origen solar. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de alcance en dife-rentes bases de datos como Embase, LILACS, IBECS y Medline. Se seleccionaron 12 artículos por nivel de evidencia y criterios de inclusión-exclusión cuyo contenido se expuso en categorías que comprenden: actividades laborales con mayor riesgo y patologías dermatológicas más frecuentes.Resultados: Los trabajadores que realizan su actividad al aire libre son el grupo que presenta con mayor frecuencia patologías en la piel, junto con otros factores que pueden estar relacionados. La patología más frecuente referen-ciada en las publicaciones científicas analizadas es el cáncer de piel no melanocítico.Conclusiones: Es conveniente realizar un seguimiento especial a los grupos laborales analizados expuestos a RUV solar a lo largo del tiempo, así como continuar investigando la asociación entre patologías dermatológicas de ori-gen laboral, la exposición a RUV de origen solar y el estado de la capa de ozono, ya que son temáticas de interés global con gran impacto en la salud mundial. (AU)

Introduction: Currently, ultraviolet radiation (RUV) is an important risk factor in the health of workers in a medi-um-long term, since its consequences can lead to skin disorders such as skin cancer.Method: The main objective of the work is to analyze the current scientific evidence on the dermatological con-sequences of workers exposed to UVR of solar origin. A scoping review has been carried out in different databases such as Embase, LILACS, IBECS and Medline. 12 articles were selected by level of evidence and inclusion-exclusion criteria whose content was exposed in categories that include: work activities with greater risk and more frequent dermatological pathologies.Results: Workers who carry out their activities outdoors are the group that most frequently presents skin patholo-gies, along with other factors that may be related. The most frequent pathology referenced in the scientific publica-tions analyzed is non-melanocytic skin cancer.Conclusions: It is advisable to carry out a special follow-up of the analyzed labor groups exposed to solar UVR over time, as well as to continue investigating the association between dermatological pathologies of occupational ori-gin, exposure to solar UVR and the state of the ozone layer. since they are topics of global interest with great impact on world health. (AU)

Professional development and academic satisfaction from a wound programme in Latin America: 10 years of experience.

OBJECTIVE: Latin America had only one Spanish-speaking postgraduate academic programme on managing wounds and ostomies until 2021. Since then, two more programmes have been developed; one in Colombia and another in Mexico. Therefore, studying alumni outcomes becomes highly relevant. We aimed to describe the alumni's professional development and academic satisfaction from a Wound, Ostomy and Burn Therapy postgraduate programme in Mexico City, Mexico. METHOD: An electronic survey was sent to all alumni from January-July 2019 from the School of Nursing of Universidad Panamericana. Employability, academic development and satisfaction following completion of the academic programme were evaluated. RESULTS: From 88 respondents, 77 of whom were nurses, 86 (97.7%) answered that they were working, and 86.4% were working in an area related to the studied programme. Regarding general satisfaction, 88% were totally satisfied/satisfied with the programme and 93.2% would recommend it. CONCLUSION: Alumni from the Wound, Ostomy and Burn Therapy postgraduate programme are satisfied with the academic curriculum and have good professional development, demonstrated by a high employment rate.

Compra y consumo de alimentos ante el confinamiento por SARSCoV-2 en un grupo de pacientes pertenecientes a una Clínica de Salud Incluyente en la Ciudad de México / Purchase and food consumption among a group of patients in an Inclusive Health Clinic due to confinement of SARS-CoV-2

Fundamentos: Se tiene poca información sobre compra y consumo de alimentos ante el confinamiento por SARSCoV-2 en pacientes socioeconómicamente vulnerables. El objetivo fue evaluar la compra y consumo de alimentosante confinamiento por SARS-CoV-2 de pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad pertenecientes a una Clínica de Salud Incluyente en la Ciudad de México. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal analítico, con pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 30 y 70 años, con sobrepeso u obesidad, sin ansiedad y depresión severa. Vía telefónica, se preguntó por la compra y el consumo de alimentos, percepción de cambios de peso corporal y tiempo para preparar alimentos. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, pruebas de chi-cuadrado y razón de momios. El nivel de significancia fue de 0,05. Resultados: Muestra de 30 pacientes, 50% sexo femenino, con una edad promedio 57,2 ± 5,9 años. La más alta percepción de aumento de precio y escasez fue en los grupos de frutas, verduras y alimentos de origen animal. Consumen dieta completa en frutas y verduras: 33,3%; alimentos de origen animal: 56% y cereales: 100% de los pacientes. Se determinó que el 6,7% tenía dieta inocua y el 43,3% variada. La percepción de aumento de precio de alimentos de origen animal y leguminosas se relacionó con la de aumento de peso corporal (OR:21; IC95% 1,833- 240,52 y OR:35; IC95% 1,780-693,41). Conclusiones: Durante confinamiento, la percepción de aumento de precio y escasez de frutas, verduras y alimentos de origen animal puede explicar su bajo consumo. Las recomendaciones de nutrición deberán facilitar consumo de frutas, verduras, leguminosas y alimentos de origen animal entre pacientes socioeconómicamente vulnerables. (AU)

Background: There is little information on the purchase and consumption of food in the face of confinement in underserved patients. Objective: To evaluate purchase and consumption of food during the confinement due to SARS-CoV-2 among overweight or obese patients in an Inclusive Health Clinic in Mexico City. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional analytical study, with patients of both sexes, between 30 and 70 years old, with overweight or obesity, without severe anxiety and depression. Through telephone calls, purchase and consumption of food, changes in body weight perception and in the time to prepare food were asked. Descriptive statistics, chi square and odd ratios were applied. The significance level 0.05. Results: The sample of 30 patients, 50% women, average age 57.2 (+5.9) years. The highest proportion of perception of price increase and scarcity was in the fruits and vegetables and animal products. With complete diet in fruits and vegetables: 33.3%; animal products: 56% and cereals: 100%. From all, 6.7% innocuous diet and 43% varied diet. The perception of increase price in animal products and legumes is related to perceiving an increase in body weight (OR: 21; 95% CI: 1.833-240.52 and OR: 35; 95% CI 1.780-693.41). Conclusions: During confinement, the perception of price increase and scarcity in fruits, vegetables and animal products explain the low amount of consumption. Conclusion: Based on our results, the nutrition recommendations need to facilitate consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and animal products among uderserved patients. (AU)

Factors Affecting Completion of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Series by Gender in a Predominantly Hispanic Border Town Community.

OBJECTIVES: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for females and males aged 9 to 45. Nationally, the HPV vaccination rates are lower for males than females; however, this has not been studied in a US-Mexico border community. Our study aims to report the HPV vaccination completion by gender and determine which sociodemographic factors influence vaccination. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among uninsured and underinsured individuals aged between 9 and 26 years served through a community-based HPV vaccine program in El Paso, TX. Data collected included demographic information, psychosocial variables, and vaccine administration data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic data. Unadjusted t test/Fisher exact test and multivariable relative risk regression were run on significant variables to determine the association with vaccine completion by gender. RESULTS: Most participants were female (63.4%), and an overall vaccine series completion was 30.67%. We found no significant difference in HPV vaccine completion rates by gender. Males who resided in the United States for more than a decade were 31% more likely to complete the vaccine series, and females who had 9 to 13 years of education had lower odds of vaccine completion. Knowledge significantly increased after the intervention for both genders (p = .002). There was no significant change in psychosocial variables from the preintervention to the immediate postintervention survey. CONCLUSIONS: Our multicomponent, culturally tailored intervention may equally impact male and female participants and encourages all genders to complete their HPV vaccine series. Additional studies with a larger male sample are needed.

Risk symptoms for progression in Covid-19. Telemedicine cohort study.

Not available.

A mutation in THREONINE SYNTHASE 1 uncouples proliferation and transition domains of the root apical meristem: experimental evidence and in silico proposed mechanism.

A continuum from stem to transit-amplifying to a differentiated cell state is a common theme in multicellular organisms. In the plant root apical meristem (RAM), transit-amplifying cells are organized into two domains: cells from the proliferation domain (PD) are displaced to the transition domain (TD), suggesting that both domains are necessarily coupled. Here, we show that in the Arabidopsis thaliana mto2-2 mutant, in which threonine (Thr) synthesis is affected, the RAM lacks the PD. Through a combination of cell length profile analysis, mathematical modeling and molecular markers, we establish that the PD and TD can be uncoupled. Remarkably, although the RAM of mto2-2 is represented solely by the TD, the known factors of RAM maintenance and auxin signaling are expressed in the mutant. Mathematical modeling predicts that the stem cell niche depends on Thr metabolism and that, when disturbed, the normal continuum of cell states becomes aborted.

Enactment of compassionate leadership by nursing and midwifery managers: results from an international online survey.

AIM: To explore the views of an international sample of nursing and midwifery managers concerning attributes that they associate with compassionate management. METHOD: A cross-sectional online survey. Using a snowballing sampling method, 1217 responses were collected from nursing and midwifery managers in 17 countries. A total of complete 933 responses to a question related to which actions and behaviours indicated that a manager was exercising compassionate leadership were analysed for this paper. First, content analysis of the responses was conducted, and second, a relative distribution of the identified themes for the overall sample and for each participating country was calculated. RESULTS: Six main themes were identified describing the attributes of a compassionate leader: (1) Virtuous support, (2) Communication, (3) Personal virtues of the manager, (4) Participatory communication, (5) Growth/flourishing/ nurturing and (6) Team cohesion. The first three themes mentioned above collectively accounted for 63% of the responses, and can therefore be considered to be the most important characteristics of compassionate management behaviour. CONCLUSION: The key indicators of compassionate management in nursing and midwifery which were identified emphasise approachability, active and sensitive listening, sympathetic responses to staff members' difficulties (especially concerning child and other caring responsibilities), active support of and advocacy for the staff team and active problem solving and conflict resolution. While there were differences between the countries' views on compassionate healthcare management, some themes were widely represented among different countries' responses, which suggest key indicators of compassionate management that apply across cultures.

MYCN-driven fatty acid uptake is a metabolic vulnerability in neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer arising from sympatho-adrenal neural crest cells. MYCN amplification is found in half of high-risk NB patients; however, no available therapies directly target MYCN. Using multi-dimensional metabolic profiling in MYCN expression systems and primary patient tumors, we comprehensively characterized the metabolic landscape driven by MYCN in NB. MYCN amplification leads to glycerolipid accumulation by promoting fatty acid (FA) uptake and biosynthesis. We found that cells expressing amplified MYCN depend highly on FA uptake for survival. Mechanistically, MYCN directly upregulates FA transport protein 2 (FATP2), encoded by SLC27A2. Genetic depletion of SLC27A2 impairs NB survival, and pharmacological SLC27A2 inhibition selectively suppresses tumor growth, prolongs animal survival, and exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects when combined with conventional chemotherapies in multiple preclinical NB models. This study identifies FA uptake as a critical metabolic dependency for MYCN-amplified tumors. Inhibiting FA uptake is an effective approach for improving current treatment regimens.

Educación para un entorno alimentario escolar saludable. El caso de una primaria en Zacatecas, México / Education for a healthy school nutritional environment. The case of a primary school in Zacatecas, Mexico / Educação para um entorno alimentar escolar saudável. Em caso de uma escola básica em Zacatecas, México

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar una intervención educativa en escolares y manipuladores de expendios para incrementar conocimientos y hábitos saludables en alimentación, así como en normativa, con el propósito de mejorar la disponibilidad alimentaria. Materiales y Métodos: estudio de caso, analítico y longitudinal. Se llevó a cabo una intervención educativa participativa en una escuela primaria de la ciudad de Zacatecas, México. Se intervinieron a dos grupos de estudio; escolares y manipuladores de alimentos de los diferentes expendios de la escuela de enero a julio de 2018. Se utilizaron encuestas de elaboración propia para las etapas de diagnóstico y evaluación. Para la intervención de ambos grupos se desarrollaron diferentes cursos-taller de 30-40 minutos. Con base en las pruebas t de student y Wilcoxon se determinaron las diferencias significativas con α=5%. Resultados: la intervención fue positiva en los escolares al incrementarse sus conocimientos y el consumo de alimentos frescos, tanto en el desayuno como en el lonche, en cambio, los resultados entre los manipuladores no derivaron inmediatamente hacia una mejor disponibilidad alimentaria dentro de la escuela, sino hasta que las autoridades de la institución condicionaron la oferta de productos en el expendio. Conclusiones: mediante la educación para la salud y la suma de esfuerzos entre los actores implicados en la intervención educativa, se contribuyó a crear un entorno alimentario escolar saludable. Es necesario dar seguimiento a estas acciones y hacer valer la normativa para reforzar los procesos de cambio hacia mejores prácticas alimentarias entre los escolares y manipuladores del expendio.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate an educational intervention in school children and dispenser handlers to increase knowledge and healthy nutritional habits as well as in regulations with the purpose of improving food availability. Materials and Methods: Analytical and longitudinal case study. A participatory educational intervention was carried out in a primary school in the city of Zacatecas, Mexico. Two study groups were intervened: school children and dispenser handlers from the different school cafeterias from January to July 2018. Self-made surveys were used for the diagnosis and evaluation stages. Different 30-40-minute study-workshops were developed for the intervention of both groups. Based on the Student and Wilcoxon t tests, the significant differences were determined with α = 5%. Results: The intervention was positive in the school children as their knowledge and consumption of fresh food increased both at breakfast and lunch. On the other hand, the results among the dispenser handlers did not immediately led to better food availability within the school but until the authorities of the institution conditioned the offer of products in the cafeterias. Conclusions: Through health education and the sum of efforts between the actors involved in the educational intervention, it was possible to contribute to the creation of a healthy school nutritional environment. It is necessary to monitor these actions and enforce the regulations to reinforce the processes of change towards better food practices among school children and dispenser handlers.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar uma intervenção educativa em escolares e manipuladores de lanchonetes para incrementar conhecimentos e hábitos saudáveis na alimentação, assim como em normativa, com o propósito de melhorar à disponibilidade alimentar. Materiais e Métodos: estudo de caso, analítico e longitudinal. Realizou-se uma intervenção educativa participativa em uma escola básica da cidade de Zacatecas, México. Afetaram-se a dois grupos de estudo; escolares e manipuladores de alimentos das diferentes lanchonetes da escola de janeiro a julho de 2018. Utilizaram-se enquetes de elaboração própria para as etapas de diagnóstico e avaliação. Para a intervenção de ambos grupos se desenvolveram diferentes cursos-oficinas de 30-40 minutos. Com base nas provas t de student e Wilcoxon se determinaram as diferenças significativas com α=5%. Resultados: a intervenção foi positiva nos escolares ao incrementar-se seus conhecimentos e o consumo de alimentos frescos, tanto no café da manhã como no lanche, em cambio, os resultados entre os manipuladores não derivaram imediatamente para uma melhor disponibilidade alimentaria dentro da escola, senão até que as autoridades da instituição condicionaram a oferta de produtos na lanchonete. Conclusões: através da educação para a saúde e a soma de esforços entre os atores envolvidos na intervenção educativa, contribuiu-se a criar um entorno alimentar escolar saudável. É preciso dar seguimento a estas ações e fazer valer a normativa para reforçar os processos de cambio para melhores práticas alimentares entre os escolares e manipuladores da lanchonete.

Compassionate Practices for Nurse Managers in Colombia / Prácticas de la compasión para enfermeras administrativas en Colombia / Prática da compaixão para enfermeiras administradoras na Colômbia

Objective: To recognize compassionate practices and the obstacles to their use by nurse managers in Colombia. Method: This is a mixed cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory, international study with an online survey administered in 17 countries. Data were extracted from Colombia with a sample of 69 nurse managers. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were processed using the Nvivo software and thematic analysis. Results: 90 % women, mainly from a hospital setting (40 %). Compassionate practices in administrative nursing involve four categories: Listening; supporting and recognizing staff individuality; defining compassion practices, needs, and benefits; receiving compassion and complementary views of compassion and administration where the influence of cultural and organizational patterns become obstacles to compassion. Conclusion: For nursing, compassion demonstrates the intentional ability to recognize the singularity of someone else's suffering, understand their needs, offer support, and find solutions based on an understanding of what being human means. These aspects require significant changes at the organizational and health legislation levels to mitigate the obstacles to compassion.

Objetivo: reconocer las prácticas de compasión y sus obstáculos por parte de enfermeras administrativas en Colombia. Método: estudio mixto de tipo transversal, descriptivo, exploratorio e internacional con una encuesta en línea aplicada en 17 países. Fueron extraídos los datos de Colombia con una muestra de 69 enfermeras administrativas. Se analizaron los datos cuantitativos con estadística descriptiva y los datos cualitativos se procesaron con el programa Nvivo y con un análisis temático. Resultados: 90 % mujeres, principalmente del ámbito hospitalario (40 %). La práctica de la compasión en enfermeras administrativas involucra cuatro categorías: escuchar; defender y reconocer la individualidad del personal; definir la práctica de la compasión, las necesidades y las ventajas; recibir compasión y opiniones complementarias de compasión y administración en las cuales la influencia de patrones culturales y organizacionales se presentan como obstáculos a la compasión. Conclusión: la compasión para enfermería demuestra la capacidad intencional de reconocer la singularidad del sufrimiento del otro, comprender sus necesidades, ofrecer soporte y encontrar soluciones desde la comprensión del sentido de lo humano. Estos aspectos requieren cambios significativos a nivel organizacional y de legislación en salud para mitigar los obstáculos con el fin de ofrecer compasión.

Objetivo: reconhecer as práticas de compaixão e seus obstáculos por parte de enfermeiras administradoras na Colômbia. Método: estudo misto de tipo transversal, descritivo, exploratório e internacional, com um questionário on-line aplicado em 17 países. Foram extraídos os dados da Colômbia com uma amostra de 69 enfermeiras administradoras. Foram analisados os dados quantitativos com estatística descritiva e os dados qualitativos foram processados com o programa Nvivo e com uma análise temática. Resultados: 90 % mulheres, principalmente do ambiente hospitalar (40 %). A prática da compaixão em enfermeiras administradoras envolve quatro categorias: escutar, defender e reconhecer a individualidade do pessoal; definir a prática da compaixão, as necessidades e as vantagens; receber compaixão e opiniões complementares de compaixão e administração em que a influência de padrões culturais e organizacionais são apresentados como obstáculos para a compaixão. Conclusões: a compaixão para a enfermagem demonstra a capacidade intencional de reconhecer a singularidade do sofrimento do outro, compreender suas necessidades, oferecer suporte e encontrar soluções a partir da compreensão do sentido do humano. Esses aspectos requerem mudanças significativas no âmbito organizacional e legislativo em saúde para amenizar os obstáculos a fim de oferecer compaixão.

Microtubule-based perception of mechanical conflicts controls plant organ morphogenesis.

Precise coordination between cells and tissues is essential for differential growth in plants. During lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, the endodermis is actively remodeled to allow outgrowth of the new organ. Here, we show that microtubule arrays facing lateral root founder cells display a higher order compared to arrays on the opposite side of the same cell, and this asymmetry is required for endodermal remodeling and lateral root initiation. We identify that MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 70-5 (MAP70-5) is necessary for the establishment of this spatially defined microtubule organization and endodermis remodeling and thus contributes to lateral root morphogenesis. We propose that MAP70-5 and cortical microtubule arrays in the endodermis integrate the mechanical signals generated by lateral root outgrowth, facilitating the channeling of organogenesis.

CHAF1A Blocks Neuronal Differentiation and Promotes Neuroblastoma Oncogenesis via Metabolic Reprogramming.

Neuroblastoma (NB) arises from oncogenic disruption of neural crest (NC) differentiation. Treatment with retinoic acid (RA) to induce differentiation has improved survival in some NB patients, but not all patients respond, and most NBs eventually develop resistance to RA. Loss of the chromatin modifier chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit p150 (CHAF1A) promotes NB cell differentiation; however, the mechanism by which CHAF1A drives NB oncogenesis has remained unexplored. This study shows that CHAF1A gain-of-function supports cell malignancy, blocks neuronal differentiation in three models (zebrafish NC, human NC, and human NB), and promotes NB oncogenesis. Mechanistically, CHAF1A upregulates polyamine metabolism, which blocks neuronal differentiation and promotes cell cycle progression. Targeting polyamine synthesis promotes NB differentiation and enhances the anti-tumor activity of RA. The authors' results provide insight into the mechanisms that drive NB oncogenesis and suggest a rapidly translatable therapeutic approach (DFMO plus RA) to enhance the clinical efficacy of differentiation therapy in NB patients.

The Importance of Being a Compassionate Leader: The Views of Nursing and Midwifery Managers From Around the World.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the importance of compassionate leadership in health care, many of the existing publications do not account for the effect of culture. The aim of this study is to explore the views of nursing and midwifery managers from different countries in relation to the definition, advantages, and importance of compassion. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory online survey was conducted across 17 countries, containing both closed and open-ended questions. Data from N = 1,217 respondents were analyzed using a directed hybrid approach focusing only on qualitative questions related to compassion-giving. RESULTS: Four overarching themes capture the study's results: (1) definition of compassion, (2) advantages and importance of compassion for managers, (3) advantages and importance of compassion for staff and the workplace, and (4) culturally competent and compassionate leadership. DISCUSSION: Innovative research agendas should pursue further local qualitative empirical research to inform models of culturally competent and compassionate leadership helping mangers navigate multiple pressures and be able to transculturally resonate with their staff and patients.

Percepción de los padres acerca del estado de salud y bienestar de sus hijos adolescentes de 15 a 18 años / Parents' perception of the state of health and wellbeing of their adolescent children aged 15 to 18 years / Percepção dos pais sobre o estado de saúde e bem-estar de seus filhos adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos

Introducción. El término "autopercepción del estado de salud" se refiere a la información brindada por el individuo sobre su estado de salud de acuerdo con sus conocimientos e interpretaciones y, en otras ocasiones, dado por los padres o acudientes. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las percepciones que tienen los padres respecto al estado de salud y el bienestar de sus hijos escolarizados de 15 a 18 años. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo, con la técnica de grupo focal. Con participación de 10 padres de familia de adolescentes escolarizados entre 15 a 18 años de una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Santander. Resultados: Se identificaron 11 categorías y 6 subcategorías. Dentro de las categorías a resaltar se encuentra la tecnología que, según los padres, presenta aspectos positivos y negativos puesto que afecta la salud en dimensiones como los hábitos alimenticios, las relaciones interpersonales, entre otros. Este componente es poco documentado en los estudios que se localizaron. Discusión: En las narrativas se identifican la espiritualidad y la tecnología como aspectos que afectan la salud de manera positiva y negativa coincidiendo con otros autores. Conclusiones: A través de las narrativas de los padres se logra identificar que la salud es multidimensional y que la afectan varios componentes, entre ellos los psicosociales, en especial durante la etapa de adolescencia de sus hijos.

Introduction. The term "self-perception of health status" refers to the information provided by the individual about their state of health according to their knowledge and interpretations and, on other occasions, provided by parents or guardians. The objective of this study is to describe the perceptions that parents have regarding the state of health and wellbeing of their children aged 15 to 18 years who attend school. Methodology. Qualitative study, with the focus group technique. With the participation of 10 parents of adolescents between 15 to 18 years of age who attend a public school in the city of Bucaramanga, Santander. Results. Eleven categories and six subcategories were identified. Among the categories to be highlighted is technology that, according to parents, has positive and negative aspects since it affects health in dimensions such as eating habits, interpersonal relationships, among others. This component is poorly documented in the studies that were located. Discussion: in the narratives, spirituality and technology are identified as aspects that affect health in a positive and negative way, coinciding with other authors. Conclusions. Through the narratives of the parents, it is possible to identify that health is multidimensional and that it is affected by various components, including psychosocial ones, especially during the adolescence stage of their children.

Introdução. O termo "autopercepção do estado de saúde" refere-se às informações fornecidas pelo indivíduo sobre seu estado de saúde de acordo com seus conhecimentos e interpretações e, em outras ocasiões, fornecidas pelos pais ou responsáveis. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a percepção que os pais têm sobre o estado de saúde e bem-estar de seus filhos na idade escolar de 15 a 18 anos. Metodologia. Estudo qualitativo, utilizando a técnica de grupo focal. Com a participação de 10 pais de adolescentes escolarizados entre 15 e 18 anos de uma instituição de ensino pública na cidade de Bucaramanga, Santander. Resultados. Foram identificadas 11 categorias e 6 subcategorias. Entre as categorias a serem destacadas está a tecnologia que, segundo os pais, apresenta aspectos positivos e negativos, pois afeta a saúde em dimensões como hábitos alimentares, relacionamento interpessoal, entre outras. Este componente está pouco documentado nos estudos localizados. Discussão. Nas narrativas, espiritualidade e tecnologia são identificados como aspectos que afetam a saúde de forma positiva e negativa, coincidindo com outros autores. Conclusões. Por meio das narrativas dos pais, é possível identificar que a saúde é multidimensional e é afetada por diversos componentes, inclusive psicossociais, principalmente na fase da adolescência dos filhos.

Análisis de parámetros de calidad y de costos, de uso del catéter venoso central de inserción periférica frente al catéter de inserción central, en población pediátrica del Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia. 2011-2014 / Analysis of quality parameters and costs of using the central venous catheter of peripheral insertion versus the central insertion catheter in pediatric patients at Hospital Univeristario Del Valle, Cali Colombia 2011-2014

Objetivo: estimar parámetros de calidad y de costos en el procedimiento de inserción de Catéter Venoso Central y el Catéter Venoso Central de inserción periférica. Metodología: Se evaluaron las historias de niños (edad 31 días -15 años ), que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario del Valle, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2014, que requirieron canalización de una vena central. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, de calidad y se estimaron costos de ambos procedimientos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 100 procedimientos de inserción Central y 100 de inserción periférica, los últimos tuvieron menor tiempo de espera, se realizaron en la habitación, no requirieron ayuno, ni traslado al quirófano, a un menor costo, lo cual impactó la oportunidad de administración de tratamiento farmacológico, la evolución y la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Se recomienda que el procedimiento de inserción periférica sea la primera elección en niños que requieran tratamientos endovenosos mayores a cinco días, para esto es necesario conformar un grupo que supervise el funcionamiento de los catéteres y brinde educación continua al personal de salud de los servicios de hospitalización y a familiares, contar con una sala de procedimiento para la inserción del PICC que brinde seguridad y adecuado manejo del dolor.

Aim: to estimate quality and cost parameters of central venous catheter insertion peripheral and central venous catheter procedures. Methods: we reviewed records of 200 children (31 days - years old), hospitalised at a University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 who required central vein access. We assessed demographic, quality variables and cost of both procedures. Results: we reviewed records of 100 central insertion and 100 peripheral insertion procedures. Peripheral insertions had less waiting time, were conducted next to the child's bed, without need for fasting or transfering to the operating room, at a lower cost, all of these ensured timely administration of medicaments and nutrition, which resulted in lower stance time. The peripheral insertion also freed surgeon and operating room time to perform other interventions. Conclusions: We recommend that peripheral insertion procedure should be the first choice in children requiring intravenous treatments longer than five days. In order to establish a periferal insertion procedure in a hospital, a team is required to follow-up the patients and provide continuing education to health personnel in services and to family members, there is also a need for an appropiate space for insertion procedures and pain management.

Palliative Care for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies in a Low-Middle Income Country: Prevalence of Symptoms and the Need for Improving Quality of Attention at the End of Life.

BACKGROUND: Palliative care (PC) for patients with malignant hematological diseases is scarcely documented, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to document PC provided to patients with hematologic malignancies. METHODS: Bidirectional study conducted from July 2016 to June 2019 at the hematology and palliative care departments at a reference center in Northeast Mexico for low-income open population uninsured patients. Clinical records and electronic files of patients with malignant hematological diseases of both sexes and all ages attending an academic hematology center were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS version 22 program. Acute and chronic leukemias, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and others were included. RESULTS: Five-hundred ten patients were studied, of which 148 (29%) died. Eighty-one (15.88%) patients including 31 (20.9%) who died received PC. Median age at palliative diagnosis was 42 (2-91) years. The most common symptom was pain (69.7%). The most frequent reason for palliative referral was treatment-refractory disease (39%). During the last week of life, 19 (95%) of 20 patients had blood sampling; 17 (85%) received antibiotics; 16 (80%) had a urinalysis performed; 16 (80%) received analgesia, including paracetamol (11, 35.5%) and buprenorphine (7, 22.6%); 10 (50%) received blood products; 9 (45%) were intubated; and central venous catheters were inserted in 5 (25%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care was provided to a minority of patients with hematologic malignancies and considerable improvement is required in its timely use and extension.

TBKBP1 and TBK1 form a growth factor signalling axis mediating immunosuppression and tumourigenesis.

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) responds to microbial stimuli and mediates the induction of type I interferon (IFN). Here, we show that TBK1 is also a central mediator of growth factor signalling; this function of TBK1 relies on a specific adaptor-TBK-binding protein 1 (TBKBP1). TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) through a scaffold protein, CARD10. This enables PKCθ to phosphorylate TBK1 at Ser 716, a crucial step for TBK1 activation by growth factors but not by innate immune stimuli. Although the TBK1-TBKBP1 signalling axis is not required for the induction of type I IFN, it mediates mTORC1 activation and oncogenesis. Conditional deletion of either TBK1 or TBKBP1 in lung epithelial cells inhibits tumourigenesis in a mouse model of lung cancer. In addition to promoting tumour growth, the TBK1-TBKBP1 axis facilitates tumour-mediated immunosuppression through a mechanism that involves induction of the checkpoint molecule PD-L1 and stimulation of glycolysis. These findings suggest a PKCθ-TBKBP1-TBK1 growth factor signalling axis that mediates both tumour growth and immunosuppression.

Increased platelet function during frailty.

Frailty is highly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Aging, CVD, and DM are all associated with an increase in platelet function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate platelet function during frailty. We selected a total of 37 older adults who were divided into two groups, frail (n = 16) and robust (n = 21), with a mean age of 72.4 ± 4.4 years (range: 65-84 years) in robust adults and 72.6 ± 6.6 years (range: 65-88 years) in frail adults; 20 young healthy volunteers, with a mean age of 22.9 ± 2.7 years (range: 20-30 years), were included as a control platelet function was determined using the lumi-aggregometer (aggregation) and flow cytometry (platelet activation). We also performed Western blot to evaluate the intraplatelet activation pathways involved in activation. Platelet count decreased and mean platelet volume, aggregation, and P-selectin expression increased during aging compared with young adults was found. We observed an increase in P-selectin expression in frail adults compared with robust adults. We also evaluated the characteristics of the study population to explain this difference and found a higher prevalence of DM and a tendency toward hyperglycemia in frail adults compared with robust adults. In agreement with this, high doses of glucose were able to increase platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression through thrombin receptors and p38 phosphorylation.