The Price of Growing Up in a Low-Income Neighborhood: A Scoping Review of Associated Depressive Symptoms and Other Mood Disorders among Children and Adolescents.

Neighborhoods, as built and social environments, have significant implications for mental health. Children raised in high-poverty neighborhoods, who are disproportionately Black, Indigenous, and people of color, have a greater risk of adverse life outcomes. Neighborhood gentrification is also salient when examining mental health outcomes as neighborhood economic contexts shift around a child. This review scopes, describes, synthesizes, and critiques the existing literature on the relationship between neighborhood poverty/gentrification and mood disorder symptoms among children ages 3-17 in the United States (U.S.). Given the history of structural racism in the creation of U.S. neighborhoods, inclusion criteria required that study samples be racially diverse. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews, seven databases and grey literature were searched; 17 studies were included (total n = 122,089). Fourteen studies found significant associations between neighborhood poverty/gentrification and child depression. Three longitudinal studies found significant results suggesting that childhood neighborhood poverty/gentrification may have a lagged effect, with depression emerging later in life. Neighborhood poverty and gentrification require further examination as social determinants of mental health. Researchers should examine neighborhood poverty and gentrification as social determinants of mental health. Policies that reduce neighborhood economic disparities are needed across the U.S.

Evaluation of Red Wine Acidification Using an E-Nose System with Venturi Tool Sampling.

The quality of wine is checked both during the production process and upon consumption. Therefore, manual wine-tasting work is still valuable. Due to the nature of wine, many volatile components are released, and it is therefore difficult to determine which elements need to be controlled. Acetic acid is one of the substances found in wine and is a crucial substance for wine quality. Gas sensor systems may be a potential alternative for manual wine tasting. In this work, we have developed a TGS2620 gas sensor module to analyze acetic acid levels in red wine. The gas sensor module was refined according to the Venturi effect along with signal slope analysis, providing promising results. The example included in this paper demonstrates that there is a direct relationship between the slope of the MOS gas sensor response and the acetic acid concentration. This relationship is useful to evaluate the ethanol oxidation in acetic acid in red wine during its production process.

Population trends of seabirds in Mexican Islands at the California Current System.

The Baja California Pacific Islands (BCPI) is a seabird hotspot in the southern California Current System supporting 129 seabird breeding populations of 23 species and over one million birds annually. These islands had a history of environmental degradation because of invasive alien species, human disturbance, and contaminants that caused the extirpation of 27 seabird populations. Most of the invasive mammals have been eradicated and colonies have been restored with social attraction techniques. We have recorded the number of breeding pairs annually for most of the colonies since 2008. To assess population trends, we analyzed these data and show results for 19 seabird species on ten island groups. The maximum number of breeding pairs for each nesting season was used to estimate the population growth rate (λ) for each species at every island colony. We performed a moving block bootstrap analysis to assess whether seabird breeding populations are increasing or decreasing. San Benito, Natividad, and San Jerónimo are the top three islands in terms of abundance of breeding pairs. The most widespread species is Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) with 14 colonies. Thirty-one populations of 14 species are significantly increasing while eleven populations of seven species are decreasing. We did not find statistical significance for 19 populations, however, 15 have λ>1 which suggest they are growing. Twelve of the 18 species for which we estimated a regional population trend are significantly increasing, including seven surface-nesting species: Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus), Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia), Double-crested Cormorant (P. auritus), Elegant Tern (Thalasseus elegans), Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Western Gull (Larus occidentalis), and five burrow-nesting species: Ainley's (Hydrobates cheimomnestes), Ashy (H. homochroa) and Townsend's (H. socorroensis) Storm-Petrels, and Craveri's (Synthliboramphus craveri) and Guadalupe (S. hypoleucus) Murrelets. The BCPI support between 400,000 and 1.4 million breeding individuals annually. Our results suggest that these islands support healthy and growing populations of seabirds that have shown to be resilient to extreme environmental conditions such as the "Blob", and that such resilience has been strengthen from conservation and restoration actions such as the eradication of invasive mammals, social attraction techniques and island biosecurity.

"Mi Corazón se Partió en Dos": Transnational Motherhood at the Intersection of Migration and Violence.

In the recent Central American migrations spurred by violence, political instability, and economic insecurity, women grapple with whether and when to bring their children with them in pursuit of safety in another country, and with fulfilling their roles as mothers from afar. Drawing from the transnational motherhood literature and critical feminist theories, this interpretive qualitative study examined transnational motherhood grounded in the lived experiences of Central American women (n = 19) over the course of their migrations to the US. Informed by the principles of grounded theory, the inductive analysis identified five processes in which migration and violence shaped meanings of motherhood: risking everything, embodying separation, braving reunification, mothering others, and experiencing motherhood due to sexual violence. The findings contribute knowledge of how violence shapes and informs women's migrations and decision-making, and the consequences women endure in taking action to mitigate threats of violence in their own and their children's lives. The analysis furthermore highlights the specific and profound effects of family separation on mothers. The voices, perspectives, and experiences of migrating mothers and the ways in which migration and violence shapes notions and lived experiences of motherhood are imperative to research, practice, and advocacy to change oppressive immigration policies.

Effect of malathion on the demography of Daphnia pulex Leydig and Diaphanosoma birgei Korinek (Cladocera).

Malathion is a common pesticide used to control insects in agricultural, domestic and industrial sectors in different parts of the world. In this work we evaluated the effects of sublethal concentrations of malathion on the survivorship and reproductive variables of two cladoceran species Daphnia pulex and Diaphanosoma birgei using standard life table demography method. Based on preliminary tests, we selected four sublethal concentrations of malathion for each cladoceran species. For D. pulex, the malathion concentrations were 0. 225, 0.45, 0.9 and 1.8ng I(-1) and for D. birgei, these were 0.0281, 0.0562, 0.1125, 0.225ng I(-1). Our results showed that in general, Daphnia pulex was less sensitive than Diaphanosoma birgei to malathion. The average lifespan of Daphnia pulex in controls was about 19 days while under similar conditions, that of D. birgei was about 21 days. For either cladoceran species, increased pesticide concentration resulted in decreased survival; this was more evident in the treatment containing the highest concentration of malathion (0.225 ng l(-1)) for D. birgei. Fecundity of D. pulex and D. birgei also decreased with increase in the concentration of malathion. For a given cladoceran species, compared to controls, the gross reproductive, net reproductive rates and the population growth rate significantly decreased due to malathion. Compared to the survivorship variables (age-specific survival, life expectancy and average lifespan), the reproductive parameters (gross reproductive rate, net reproductive rate and the rate of population increase) of the two cladoceran species were decreased by the pesticide.

Valoración geriátrica y factores asociados a mortalidad en ancianos con insuficiencia cardíaca ingresados en una unidad de geriatría de agudos / Geriatric assessment and factors associated with mortality in elderly patients with heart failure admitted to an acute geriatric unit

Introducción y objetivos. La insuficiencia cardíaca es muy prevalente y con elevada mortalidad, sobre todo en ancianos. Predecir su curso e identificar pacientes en fase avanzada es difícil. El presente trabajo pretende identificar variables incluidas en la valoración geriátrica integral y otras variables clínicas que se asocien a un incremento de riesgo de muerte al año en ancianos ingresados por insuficiencia cardíaca. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de 101 pacientes (edad media, 85,9 ± 6,3 años, 81% mujeres) que ingresaron durante el año 2006 en una unidad de geriatría de agudos con diagnóstico principal de insuficiencia cardíaca. Se registraron: datos demográficos, cardiopatía predisponente, factor precipitante de la descompensación, comorbilidad, número de fármacos al alta y tratamiento específico de la insuficiencia cardíaca, estancia media, reingresos, mortalidad al año del alta. La valoración geriátrica evaluaba: discapacidad en actividades básicas diarias (índice de Barthel) e instrumentales (índice de Lawton), función cognitiva (test de Pfeiffer), comorbilidad (índice de Charlson) y síndromes geriátricos. Resultados. En un modelo multivariante de regresión logística, los factores relacionados con la mortalidad fueron: mayor discapacidad previa (menor índice de Barthel previo) (OR [IC 95% =1,03 [1,01-1,06]; p = 0,040) y mayor número de reingresos (OR [IC 95%] = 3,53 [1,19-10,44]; p = 0,023). El sexo femenino resultó protector (OR [IC 95%] = 0,15 [0,04-0,59]; p = 0,007). Conclusiones. La discapacidad en actividades diarias y los reingresos se asociaban con mayor riesgo de muerte al año, y el sexo femenino resultó protector. Si fueran confirmados en otros estudios, estos datos podrían reforzar la necesidad de realizar una valoración geriátrica integral sistemática en ancianos con esta patología (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Heart failure (HF) is very prevalent in older adults, and is associated with a high mortality. The prediction of the outcome of HF and the identification of patients in advanced stages is difficult. The present work aims at identifying variables of the geriatric assessment and other clinical variables associated with an increased risk of death at one year in older adults with HF. Material and methods. Prospective study of 101 patients (mean age, 85.9 ± 6.3 years, 81% women) admitted during 2006 to an Acute Geriatric Unit, with principal diagnosis of HF. We recorded: demographic data, predisposing heart disease, main trigger of exacerbation, comorbidity, number of prescriptions at discharge and specific treatment of HF, average length-of-stay, readmissions, and mortality at one year after discharge. Geriatric assessment included: disability in basic (Barthel index) and instrumental (Lawton index) activities of daily living, cognitive function (Pfeiffer test), comorbidity (Charlson index), and geriatric syndromes. Results. In a multivariable logistic regression model, previous disability (lower Barthel index) (OR [95%CI] = 1.03 [1.01-1.06]; P = .040) and higher number of re-admissions (OR [95%CI] = 3.53 [1.19-10.44]; P = .023) were associated with 1-year mortality. Female sex had a protective effect (OR [95%CI] = 0.15 [0.04-0.59]; P = .007). Conclusions. Disability in the basic activities of daily living and re-admissions were associated with increased 1-year mortality in older adults, whereas female sex was protective. If confirmed in further studies, these data could reinforce the need for a systematic comprehensive geriatric assessment in older adults with HF (AU)

[Geriatric assessment and factors associated with mortality in elderly patients with heart failure admitted to an acute geriatric unit]. / Valoración geriátrica y factores asociados a mortalidad en ancianos con insuficiencia cardíaca ingresados en una unidad de geriatría de agudos.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Heart failure (HF) is very prevalent in older adults, and is associated with a high mortality. The prediction of the outcome of HF and the identification of patients in advanced stages is difficult. The present work aims at identifying variables of the geriatric assessment and other clinical variables associated with an increased risk of death at one year in older adults with HF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of 101 patients (mean age, 85.9 ± 6.3 years, 81% women) admitted during 2006 to an Acute Geriatric Unit, with principal diagnosis of HF. We recorded: demographic data, predisposing heart disease, main trigger of exacerbation, comorbidity, number of prescriptions at discharge and specific treatment of HF, average length-of-stay, readmissions, and mortality at one year after discharge. Geriatric assessment included: disability in basic (Barthel index) and instrumental (Lawton index) activities of daily living, cognitive function (Pfeiffer test), comorbidity (Charlson index), and geriatric syndromes. RESULTS: In a multivariable logistic regression model, previous disability (lower Barthel index) (OR [95%CI]=1.03 [1.01-1.06]; P=.040) and higher number of re-admissions (OR [95%CI]=3.53 [1.19-10.44]; P=.023) were associated with 1-year mortality. Female sex had a protective effect (OR [95%CI]=0.15 [0.04-0.59]; P=.007). CONCLUSIONS: Disability in the basic activities of daily living and re-admissions were associated with increased 1-year mortality in older adults, whereas female sex was protective. If confirmed in further studies, these data could reinforce the need for a systematic comprehensive geriatric assessment in older adults with HF.

Determinación de la actividad insecticida de extractos de plantas en Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) / Determination of the insecticidal activity of plant extracts in spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: noctuidae)

A partir de cada uno de dichos extractos, utilizados a una concentración de 1,5%, se contaminó dieta artificial texana y con ella se alimentaron 25 larvas de S. frugiperda del segundo instar. Después de 24 horas de iniciados los experimentos, se comenzó a registrar diariamente la mortalidad de las larvas en los diferentes tratamientos, así como efectos de repelencia o fago-disuasión. Después de 48 horas se sustituyó la dieta contaminada por dieta sin contaminar.