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1.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 13898, 2021 07 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34230507

ABSTRACT

Pregnant women may be at higher risk of severe complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may lead to obstetrical complications. We performed a case control study comparing pregnant women with severe coronavirus disease 19 (cases) to pregnant women with a milder form (controls) enrolled in the COVI-Preg international registry cohort between March 24 and July 26, 2020. Risk factors for severity, obstetrical and immediate neonatal outcomes were assessed. A total of 926 pregnant women with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were included, among which 92 (9.9%) presented with severe COVID-19 disease. Risk factors for severe maternal outcomes were pulmonary comorbidities [aOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.9-9.5], hypertensive disorders [aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0-7.0] and diabetes [aOR2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.5]. Pregnant women with severe maternal outcomes were at higher risk of caesarean section [70.7% (n = 53/75)], preterm delivery [62.7% (n = 32/51)] and newborns requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [41.3% (n = 31/75)]. In this study, several risk factors for developing severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women were identified including pulmonary comorbidities, hypertensive disorders and diabetes. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes appear to be influenced by the severity of maternal disease.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Pregnant Women , SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Premature Birth/virology , Risk Factors
2.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth ; 21(1): 273, 2021 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33794829

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To determine whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 disease) exposure in pregnancy, compared to non-exposure, is associated with infection-related obstetric morbidity. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre prospective study in pregnancy based on a universal antenatal screening program for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Throughout Spain 45 hospitals tested all women at admission on delivery ward using polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) for COVID-19 since late March 2020. The cohort of positive mothers and the concurrent sample of negative mothers was followed up until 6-weeks post-partum. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for known confounding variables, determined the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and obstetric outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preterm delivery (primary), premature rupture of membranes and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. RESULTS: Among 1009 screened pregnancies, 246 were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Compared to negative mothers (763 cases), SARS-CoV-2 infection increased the odds of preterm birth (34 vs 51, 13.8% vs 6.7%, aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.32-3.36, p = 0.002); iatrogenic preterm delivery was more frequent in infected women (4.9% vs 1.3%, p = 0.001), while the occurrence of spontaneous preterm deliveries was statistically similar (6.1% vs 4.7%). An increased risk of premature rupture of membranes at term (39 vs 75, 15.8% vs 9.8%, aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.11-2.57, p = 0.013) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (23 vs 18, 9.3% vs 2.4%, aOR 4.62, 95% CI 2.43-8.94, p <  0.001) was also observed in positive mothers. CONCLUSION: This prospective multicentre study demonstrated that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 have more infection-related obstetric morbidity. This hypothesis merits evaluation of a causal association in further research.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Extremely Premature , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Labor, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain/epidemiology , Young Adult
3.
Adicciones ; 33(2): 121-136, 2021 Mar 31.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32677691

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the risk of presenting an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in outpatient psychiatric units and compare it with drug addiction outpatient units and with healthy controls in the same administrative health area. An observational, descriptive, multicenter study was carried out in which a total of 1054 participants were evaluated. Data were obtained by means of the camouflaged CAGE questionnaire, which consists of 4 basic questions camouflaged with 8 other questions about healthy lifestyle habits. Cut-off points 1 and 2 were considered.Of the total number of participants, 588 were psychiatric outpatients, 153 outpatients from addiction centers and 313 healthy individuals. The mean age of the total sample was 45.8 years and the percentage of men was 53.2%. Of the total sample, 38.3% scored ≥1, as did 34.2% of psychiatric patients, 72.5% of drug addicts and 29.4% of healthy people. The ≥2 cut-off was reached by 26.6% of the total sample, 22.6% of psychiatric patients, 64.7% of drug addicts and 15.3% of healthy subjects. The participants with the highest percentage of ≥1 scores were men (48.8%), those younger than 30 years (50%), those with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (95.9%) and ADHD (83.3%).Psychiatric patients are at a higher risk of having an AUD than the healthy subjects, although lower than those who are drug addicts, and the CAGE questionnaire is a simple and useful tool to detect the risk patients have to suffer the condition under study.


El objetivo fue evaluar el riesgo de presentar un trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA) en las consultas psiquiátricas ambulatorias y compararlo con las consultas de drogodependencias y con individuos sanos de la misma zona de salud. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, multicéntrico, en el que fueron incluidos un total de 1054 participantes. Se utilizó el cuestionario CAGE camuflado para la obtención de los datos, que consta de 4 preguntas básicas camufladas con otras 8 preguntas sobre hábitos de vida saludables. Se consideraron los puntos de corte de 1 y 2.Del total de participantes, 588 eran pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios, 153 de los centros de drogodependencias ambulatorios y 313 sanos. La edad media de la muestra fue de 45,8 años y el porcentaje de hombres fue del 53,2%. El 38,3% de los participantes presentaron una puntuación ≥1, el 34,2% en las consultas psiquiátricas, el 72,5% en las de drogodependencias y el 29,4% en sanos. El 26,6% presentaron una puntuación ≥2, el 22,6% en las consultas psiquiátricas, el 64,7% en las de drogodependencias y el 15,3% en sanos. Los que presentaron mayor porcentaje de puntuación ≥1 fueron los hombres (48,8%), los menores de 30 años (50%), y los que tenían un diagnóstico de trastorno por uso de alcohol (95,9%) y de TDAH (83,3%).Los pacientes psiquiátricos presentan un mayor riesgo de presentar un TUA que los individuos sanos, aunque menor que los drogodependientes, siendo el cuestionario CAGE una herramienta sencilla y útil para detectar el riesgo de presentarlos.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Drug Users , Substance-Related Disorders , Alcoholism/diagnosis , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Population Groups , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 33(2): 137-148, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-201922

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fue evaluar el riesgo de presentar un trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA) en las consultas psiquiátricas ambulatorias y compararlo con las consultas de drogodependencias y con individuos sanos de la misma zona de salud. Se realizo un estudio observacional, descriptivo, multicéntrico, en el que fueron incluidos un total de 1054 participantes. Se utilizo el cuestionario CAGE camuflado para la obtención de los datos, que consta de 4 preguntas básicas camufladas con otras 8 preguntas sobre hábitos de vida saludables. Se consideraron los puntos de corte de 1 y 2. Del total de participantes, 588 eran pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios, 153 de los centros de rogodependencias ambulatorios y 313 sanos. La edad media de la muestra fue de 45,8 años y el porcentaje de hombres fue del 53,2%. El 38,3% de los participantes presentaron una puntuación ≥1, el 34,2% en las consultas psiquiátricas, el 72,5% en las de drogodependencias y el 29,4% en sanos. El 26,6% presentaron una puntuación ≥2, el 22,6% en las consultas psiquiátricas, el 64,7% en las de drogodependencias y el 15,3% en sanos. Los que presentaron mayor porcentaje de puntuación ≥1 fueron los hombres (48,8%), los menores de 30 años (50%), y los que tenían un diagnóstico de trastorno por uso de alcohol (95,9%) y de TDAH (83,3%). Los pacientes psiquiátricos presentan un mayor riesgo de presentar un TUA que los individuos sanos, aunque menor que los drogodependientes, siendo el cuestionario CAGE una herramienta sencilla y útil para detectar el riesgo de presentarlos


The objective was to evaluate the risk of presenting an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in outpatient psychiatric units and compare it with drug addiction outpatient units and with healthy controls in the same administrative health area. An observational, descriptive, multicenter study was carried out in which a total of 1054 participants were evaluated. Data were obtained by means of the camouflaged CAGE questionnaire, which consists of 4 basic questions camouflaged with 8 other questions about healthy lifestyle habits. Cut-off points 1 and 2 were considered. Of the total number of participants, 588 were psychiatric outpatients, 153 outpatients from addiction centers and 313 healthy individuals. The mean age of the total sample was 45.8 years and the percentage of men was 53.2%. Of the total sample, 38.3% scored ≥1, as did 34.2% of psychiatric patients, 72.5% of drug addicts and 29.4% of healthy people. The ≥2 cut-off was reached by 26.6% of the total sample, 22.6% of psychiatric patients, 64.7% of drug addicts and 15.3% of healthy subjects. The participants with the highest percentage of ≥1 scores were men (48.8%), those younger than 30 years (50%), those with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (95.9%) and ADHD (83.3%). Psychiatric patients are at a higher risk of having an AUD than the healthy subjects, although lower than those who are drug addicts, and the CAGE questionnaire is a simple and useful tool to detect the risk patients have to suffer the condition under study


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alcohol-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Mental Disorders/psychology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Prevalence , Age and Sex Distribution , Outpatients/psychology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Spain/epidemiology
5.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 27(2): 43-46, mayo-ago. 2020.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-193245

ABSTRACT

Se trata de un estudio donde se ha seleccionado una muestra de 84 pacientes en seguimiento en unidades de salud mental comunitaria con diagnóstico de trastorno mental y en tratamiento con palmitato de paliperidona (PPM). El objetivo ha sido investigar si, tras la administración de PPM, se experimentan reducciones en los ingresos hospitalarios, media de estancia y necesidad de atención urgente durante el periodo de un año. El método utilizado para analizar los diferentes grupos (muestra general, muestra con esquizofrenia, muestra con esquizofrenia o trastorno esquizoafectivo) ha sido de imagen en espejo. Se ha realizado un análisis bivariante comprobando la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas (Prob > chi2) entre los resultados anteriores y posteriores al tratamiento con PPM, observándose una disminución de los ingresos hospitalarios, reduciendo los días de hospitalización y la asistencia a urgencias generales


This observational study included a sample of 84 patients selected for follow-up in community mental health units, with a diagnosis of mental disorder and on treatment with paliperidone palmitate (PPM). The objective was to determine whether there were any reductions in hospital admissions, days of hospital stay, and emergency care after administering PPM, during a one year follow-up. A mirror-image method was used to analyse the different groups (general sample, sample with schizophrenia, sample with schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder). A bivariate analysis was carried out, with statistically significant differences (Prob > chi2) being found between the results before and after the treatment with PPM, with a reduction in hospital admissions, days of hospital stay, and urgent care


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Paliperidone Palmitate/administration & dosage , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies
6.
Ginecol Obstet Mex ; 83(12): 803-6, 2015 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27290805

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical-diagnostic importance of cystic appearance of a cervical myoma large elements result produced secondary METHOD: We described a case of a 40-year-old with abdominal discomfort producing difficulty walking, dyspareunia, urinary retention seven months of evolution. The USG diagnosis was a cystic mass consistent with a right ovarian cyst. The surgical abdominal total hysterectomy is performed. RESULTS: Histopathological study of approximately 1 3x6 cm uterus with myoma fund of approximately 4 cm and myoma level cervical posterior surface of 15x12 cm.


Subject(s)
Myoma/complications , Urinary Retention/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Hysterectomy/methods , Myoma/diagnosis , Myoma/surgery , Ovarian Cysts/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery
7.
Thromb Res ; 130(6): e294-300, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23123135

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The thrombogenic potential of tissue factor (TF) associated to platelets is controversial. We have investigated the in vitro contribution of platelet-associated TF to thrombus formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Platelets suspensions were exposed to human TF-rich microvesicles (TF-MV) from placental or recombinant origin. Platelet-associated TF was quantified through coagulometric assays. Adhesive and cohesive properties of platelets containing TF were assessed in perfusion models using two thrombogenic surfaces: 1) type-I collagen, or 2) damaged vascular segments. Perfusion studies were performed with heparinized blood enriched with a 30% of washed platelets exposed to TF-MV vs. washed control platelets. Thrombin generation and thromboelastometric properties of clots were also assessed using a fluorometric assay and ROTEM analysis, respectively. Inhibitory strategies with an antibody to TF were performed in some cases. RESULTS: The addition of 30% of platelets containing TF to blood perfusates resulted in a statistically significant increase in the platelet coverage (%CS) vs. non-exposed platelets on collagen surfaces (%CS: 19.7 ± 0.6 and 23.9 ± 0.7 respectively, vs.14.5 ± 1.4; p<0.01) and on the vascular subendothelium (%CS: 54.0 ± 1.5 and 47.2 ± 6.8 respectively vs. 38.0 ± 3.5, p<0.05), with a statistically significant increase in the size of large platelet aggregates (p<0.05) vs. control platelets. These effects on collagen surfaces were almost totally prevented by an antibody to TF. Platelet-associated TF significantly accelerated thrombin generation and clot formation (p<0.05), effects that were partially prevented by a neutralizing anti-TF. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet-associated TF potentiated adhesive and aggregating properties in in vitro studies with flowing blood and accelerated thrombin generation and clot formation time under steady conditions.


Subject(s)
Blood Platelets/drug effects , Thrombin/biosynthesis , Thromboplastin/administration & dosage , Animals , Blood Platelets/cytology , Female , Humans , Platelet Adhesiveness/drug effects , Rabbits , Risk Factors
8.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 18(1): 42-44, ene.-mar. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97499

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Desde finales del siglo xix han aparecido artículos en la literatura científica de pacientes que decían estar infestados por parásitos sin evidencias médicas que lo demostrasen. Fue descrito inicialmente por Thibierge en 1894, denominándolo «Acarofobia», y posteriormente por Ekbom, en 1938, en su trabajo Der praesenile dermatozoenwhan. Caso clínico. Analizamos las alteraciones de conducta en una paciente de 36 años que presentaba un delirio de infestación. Las características clínicas y psicológicas del cuadro son reflejadas. Conclusiones. El síndrome de Ekbom es un subtipo infrecuente de trastorno delirante que provoca un importante impacto en la vida de quien lo padece, pero el cual, como veremos en este caso, suele responder al uso de antipiscóticos de manera eficaz (AU)


Introduction. Since the middle of the 19th century reports have appeared in the scientific literature of patients who claimed to be infested with parasites without medical evidence to prove it. It was first described by Thibierge in 1894, calling it “Acarophobia”, and then by Ekbom in 1938, in his work Der praesenile dermatozoenwhan. Case report. To analyse the behavioral changes in a 36 year-old patient who had a delusion of infestation. The clinical and psychological characteristics are reflected. Conclusions. The Ekbom syndrome is a rare subtype of delusional disorder that has a significant impact on the life of the sufferer, but which, as we shall see in this case, usually responds to antipsychotic drugs effectively (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Restless Legs Syndrome/diagnosis , Restless Legs Syndrome/physiopathology , Restless Legs Syndrome/psychology , Psychopathology/methods , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Enuresis/complications , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/complications , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/drug therapy , Restless Legs Syndrome/drug therapy , Psychopathology/trends
9.
Nephron Clin Pract ; 106(1): c1-8, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17347577

ABSTRACT

AIMS: We evaluated modifications in formation of heterotypic platelet-leukocyte aggregation induced by dialysis through cellulosic or synthetic membranes and evaluated the effects of such procedures promoting adhesive interactions between leukocytes and normal endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS: Samples were obtained from arterial and venous lines at baseline, after 15 and 120 min of hemodialysis. Heterotypic aggregation was assessed using flow-cytometric techniques. Experiments to determine leukocyte adhesion to ECs were performed in parallel plate perfusion chambers at 450 s(-1). RESULTS: Patients dialyzed with a cellulosic membrane showed a significantly higher baseline granulocyte heterotypic aggregation (median 22.5%, range 8.6-32%) versus healthy subjects (median 10%, range 3.2-14.6%; p < 0.05). Granulocyte heterotypic aggregation values remained increased throughout the hemodialysis session not only in the arterial line (median 18 and 24.5%, range 7-30 and 8.7-36% at 15 and 2 h, respectively) but also in the venous line (median 20 and 25%, range 8.6-32 and 11.5-35% at 15 min and 2 h, respectively). Basal lymphocytes heterotypic aggregation values observed in uremic patients were 6% (0.1-7.1%) versus 1.0% (0.5-2.8%) in the control group (p < 0.05). The increase remained during the hemodialysis session both in the arterial line (median 5 and 4%, range 0.2-14 and 0.5-7.1 % at 15 min and 2 h, respectively) and in the venous line (median 7 and 7%, range 1.4-14 and 0.5-10.6% at 15 min and 2 h). In contrast, patients dialyzed with a synthetic membrane showed a decreased basal granulocyte heterotypic aggregation compared to healthy subjects (median 3.5 vs. 10%, range 2.8-7 vs. 3.2-14.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). For lymphocytes, basal heterotypic aggregation values were 0.2% (range 0.1-0.5%) in dialyzed patients vs. 0.98% (range 0.5-2.8%) in healthy subjects (p < 0.05), without changes throughout the dialysis session. Changes in leukocyte adhesion during hemodialysis did not reach statistical significance with either hemodialysis membrane. Our studies confirm a differential activation of platelets and leukocytes depending on the nature of the dialysis membranes. However, activation of circulating cellular elements by hemodialysis procedures did not enhance cross-talk interactions between leukocytes and unaltered ECs.


Subject(s)
Blood Platelets/pathology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Leukocytes/pathology , Membranes, Artificial , Platelet Aggregation , Renal Dialysis/instrumentation , Adult , Aged , Cell Adhesion , Cell Aggregation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Renal Dialysis/methods , Treatment Outcome
10.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) ; 7(12): 859-65, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17122671

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Licofelone ([2,2-dimethyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-yl]-acetic acid) has been demonstrated to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, and 5-lipoxygenase. The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro effects of licofelone on platelet function. Effects observed were compared with those produced by the classic COX-1 inhibitor aspirin (ASA). METHODS: Platelet aggregation was assessed by a turbidimetric method. Platelet haemostatic performance was studied with the platelet function analyser (PFA-100), using collagen epinephrine and collagen ADP cartridges. Interaction of platelets with thrombogenic surfaces was analysed by perfusion experiments performed under flow conditions using both parallel and annular chambers. RESULTS: Licofelone prolonged the lag time of platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and reduced maximal platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen. Studies using PFA-100 demonstrated that licofelone (0.1, 1 and 10 muM) significantly prolonged closure times (P < 0.05) with both types of cartridges. In studies with the parallel chamber exposing purified collagen, both licofelone and ASA significantly reduced (P < 0.05) overall platelet interaction with the thrombogenic surface. In studies performed in annular chamber exposing a highly thrombogenic vessel surface, licofelone reduced height and area of the platelet masses deposited (7.0 +/- 0.5 mum; P < 0.005 and 80.2 +/- 17.3 mum; P < 0.05 vs. control 10.6 +/- 0.9 mum and 194.8 +/- 44.7 mum, respectively). ASA also impaired thrombus formation but differences did not reach the levels of statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Under our experimental in-vitro conditions, licofelone interfered with platelet function as demonstrated by a diminished platelet aggregation, being more powerful than ASA and reducing the interaction of platelets with thrombogenic surfaces.


Subject(s)
Acetates/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Blood Platelets/physiology , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Lipoxygenase Inhibitors , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Animals , Arachidonic Acid/pharmacology , Aspirin/pharmacology , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Collagen/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Hemostasis/drug effects , Humans , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Rabbits
11.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol ; 18(4): 423-30, 2004 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15312148

ABSTRACT

The hemostatic agent ethamsylate enhances membrane expression of P-selectin in human platelets, but whether this promotes platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation is unknown. Here we investigated this point by flow cytometry determination of human platelet-leukocyte aggregates under basal conditions and after whole-blood perfusion through a damaged rabbit aorta segment. Actions of ethamsylate on adhesive molecules of platelets and leukocytes were investigated in parallel. Under basal conditions, ethamsylate was unable to modify whole-blood platelet-leukocyte aggregation, but following whole-blood perfusion through a damaged vessel, ethamsylate produced a modest, but significant increase in platelet-leukocyte aggregates (48+/-21 and 45+/-26% above control levels at ethamsylate 20 and 40 microm respectively). In isolated leukocyte plasma membranes, 14C-ethamsylate specifically bound up to an amount of 660 pmol/mg protein. Moreover, at concentrations > or =1 microm, ethamsylate induced an important (100-200%) and significant increase in the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) fluorescence signal in isolated leukocytes and was unable to significantly modify the percentage of CD11b-positive cells. However, no significant changes in aggregate formation were found when ethamsylate was incubated with isolated leukocytes and blood was reconstituted and perfused. In isolated platelet cell membranes, anti-P-selectin antibody and the anti-integrin RGD-containing pentapeptide (GRDGS) were unable to displace 14C-ethamsylate binding. In conclusion, ethamsylate specifically binds to plasma membranes of leukocytes, enhances membrane PSGL-1 expression and promotes leukocyte-platelet aggregation in whole-blood perfused through a damaged vascular segment. These results together with the previously observed enhancement of platelet P-selectin membrane expression [Thromb. Res. (2002)107:329-335] confirms and extends the view that ethamsylate acts on the first step of hemostasis, by improving platelet homo- and heterotypic adhesiveness.


Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/metabolism , Ethamsylate/pharmacology , Hemostatics/pharmacology , Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Animals , Ethamsylate/metabolism , Flow Cytometry , Hemostatics/metabolism , Humans , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries , Rabbits
12.
Am J Nephrol ; 24(2): 235-41, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15031626

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The contact of blood with artificial surfaces may activate blood leukocytes and platelets and initiate the leukocyte inflammatory response. We have investigated the effect of a hemodialysis (HD) with a cellulosic- and a synthetic-based membrane on circulating leukocyte activation. METHODS: Samples were obtained from patients with ESRD at baseline, and at 15 and 120 min of a hemodialysis session from both the arterial and venous lines. Leukocyte respiratory burst was analyzed by luminol chemiluminescence. Actin polymerization, expression of CD11b, and heterotypic aggregation were studied by flow cytometry, leukocyte labeling with NBD phallacidin and monoclonal antibodies, respectively. RESULTS: HD with a cellulosic membrane induced a transient fall in neutrophil (1.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(9) vs. 3.6 +/- 0.6 x 10(9) cells/l; p < 0.05) and monocyte counts (0.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(9) vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 x 10(9) cells/l; p < 0.05). There was also an increase in respiratory burst in the venous line during a HD with a cellulosic membrane, at 15 and 120 min (100 +/- 41 and 143.2 +/- 45.3 vs. 23.8 +/- 15.7; p < 0.05). Polymerized actin, expressed as fluorescence arbitrary units, was increased in baseline samples from uremic patients versus control subjects (327.8 +/- 60.8 for a cellulosic membrane, p < 0.005, and 205 +/- 26.5 for a synthetic one, p < 0.05 vs. 97.8 +/- 27.6 in controls). The percentage of CD11b+ cells increased in samples during a HD with a cellulosic membrane at the venous line at 15 and 120 min (9.6 +/- 4.5 and 18.4 +/- 7.1% vs. 3.3 +/- 1.9%; p < 0.05%). Changes in heterotypic aggregation during HD did not reach statistical significance, but levels were higher in patients treated with a cellulosic membrane at all points than in patients dialyzed with a synthetic one. CONCLUSION: There is evidence of a priming state of leukocytes from uremic patients, which is more evident in patients dialyzed with a cellulosic membrane. Cellulosic membranes also induce greater leukocyte activation than synthetic membranes during hemodialysis.


Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Leukocytes/physiology , Membranes, Artificial , Adult , Aged , Cellulose , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Renal Dialysis , Surface Properties
13.
J Hepatol ; 39(6): 954-9, 2003 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14642611

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is clinical evidence for the efficacy of activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) in patients with cirrhosis. The exact mechanism of action of rFVIIa in this clinical condition is unknown. We have explored effects of rFVIIa on hemostasis in cirrhotic patients using an in vitro perfusion technique. METHODS: Blood samples were drawn from control donors or from 11 patients previously diagnosed with cirrhosis (seven Child-Pugh B and four Child-Pugh C) and anticoagulated with low molecular weight heparin. rFVIIa was added to blood samples at therapeutic concentrations (0.5 or 1 microg/ml of plasma) and blood was recirculated through annular chambers containing damaged vascular segments. Presence of platelets and fibrin on the subendothelium were morphometrically quantified. RESULTS: Cirrhotic patients showed a diminished platelet interaction with the subendothelium compared to healthy donors (17.3% (9.28-28.88%) vs. 26.16% (19.96-54.5%), P<0.05). After addition of rFVIIa to cirrhotic samples, no differences in platelet covered surface were observed. However, fibrin formation was significantly improved after the addition of rFVIIa (from 51.81% (3.02-86.68%) to 86.94% (30.03-93.18%) and 89.05% (45.65-93.84%), respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm a defective interaction of platelets with the subendothelium in cirrhotic patients. rFVIIa improved local fibrin formation at damaged sites and this mechanism could explain the beneficial action of rFVIIa in cirrhotic patients.


Subject(s)
Factor VIIa/pharmacology , Hemostasis/drug effects , Liver Cirrhosis/blood , Aged , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Peptide Fragments/blood , Platelet Activation/drug effects , Platelet Count , Protein Precursors/blood , Prothrombin , Prothrombin Time , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
14.
Rev. medica electron ; 25(5)sept.-oct. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-394224

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo exponemos un análisis cuya finalidad consistió en la correlación de lo biológico y lo social, que constituye un problema de las Ciencias Médicas y de todas las ciencias que estudian el origen, formación y desarrollo del hombre, siendo necesario su esclarecimiento, explicación y solución. El origen biológico acarreó un enfoque biológico en el estudio del hombre y no han desaparecido totalmente en el mundo de hoy, el desarrollo científico hizo evidente la necesidad de considerar el factor social surgiendo así las teorías que tuvieron en cuenta el medio en que el hombre vive y la interacción de éste con su medio. Surge una teoría más completa y abarcadora, la del desarrollo histórico - cultural, dada por L. S. Vigostsky, que integra lo biológico, lo ambiental y lo socioûcultural. Toda la actividad vital del hombre es un proceso constante de interacción biológica y social, de ahí que estén relacionados con los problemas fundamentales de la ciencias médicas y los problemas de la práctica médica. Se explican las leyes biológicas y sociales que actúan sobre el estado de salud. Ponemos ejemplos interesantes en relación con el tema para que los trabajadores de la salud puedan estudiar y manejar adecuadamente los factores socioûeconómico y biológico que influyen sobre el estado de salud. El desarrollo cultural y biológico no representan en la filogénesis humanas líneas libres e independientes, sino que conforman un espiral entrelazándose ambos. La cultura histórico social es portadora de normas, valores, costumbres, conocimientos y actividades que garantizan la transformación del medio ambiente en pos de mejores condiciones de vida y desarrollo intelectual humano


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Conditions , Cultural Factors , Philosophy, Medical
15.
Rev. medica electron ; 25(5)sept.-oct. 2003.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-24246

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo exponemos un análisis cuya finalidad consistió en la correlación de lo biológico y lo social, que constituye un problema de las Ciencias Médicas y de todas las ciencias que estudian el origen, formación y desarrollo del hombre, siendo necesario su esclarecimiento, explicación y solución. El origen biológico acarreó un enfoque biológico en el estudio del hombre y no han desaparecido totalmente en el mundo de hoy, el desarrollo científico hizo evidente la necesidad de considerar el factor social surgiendo así las teorías que tuvieron en cuenta el medio en que el hombre vive y la interacción de éste con su medio. Surge una teoría más completa y abarcadora, la del desarrollo histórico cultural, dada por L. S. Vigostsky, que integra lo biológico, lo ambiental y lo socio–cultural. Toda la actividad vital del hombre es un proceso constante de interacción biológica y social, de ahí que estén relacionados con los problemas fundamentales de la ciencias médicas y los problemas de la práctica médica. Se explican las leyes biológicas y sociales que actúan sobre el estado de salud. Ponemos ejemplos interesantes en relación con el tema para que los trabajadores de la salud puedan estudiar y manejar adecuadamente los factores socio–económico y biológico que influyen sobre el estado de salud. El desarrollo cultural y biológico no representan en la filogénesis humanas líneas libres e independientes, sino que conforman un espiral entrelazándose ambos. La cultura histórico social es portadora de normas, valores, costumbres, conocimientos y actividades que garantizan la transformación del medio ambiente en pos de mejores condiciones de vida y desarrollo intelectual humano(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Change , Social Conditions , Philosophy, Medical , Cultural Factors
16.
Rev. medica electron ; 25(4)jul.-sept. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-389467

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva que según el período, la secuencia de estudio y el registro de la información tiene un carácter retrospectivo desde el curso escolar 1997 / 1998 que comenzó el Sistema de Créditos Académico a los profesionales de salud hasta el curso 2001 / 2002 con el fin de determinar el comportamiento de la superación profesional en el Municipio de Cárdenas. Se cuantificó el número de cursos post- grado de carácter municipal impartidos que fueron 122 con una participación de 2 659 profesionales de ellos la mayor participación fue de 903 Estomatólogos y 844 especialista en Medicina General Integral de los propios de la salud y de los profesionales no graduados en el sistema de salud, las Licenciadas en Psicología y Defectología con el 30.4. El universo lo constituyó el número de profesionales por plantilla del municipio de Cárdenas que asciende a 415 en el nivel primario de atención. Las actividades docentes se desarrollaron en las aulas del municipio de Salud, Policlínicos Docentes ôJosé A. Echeverríaö y ôHéroes del Moncadaö. Las estrategias de capacitación trazadas desde el curso 1997 hasta el 2002 se han cumplido lográndose la formación y superación de los recursos humanos con una sólida preparación científico - técnica y humanística en correspondencia con los valores que requiere este personal. La información se resumió en tablas de contingencia y fueron procesados con una calculadora manual. Se recomienda mantener esta actividad de superación profesional de forma activa y de acuerdo a la identificación de Necesidades de Aprendizaje (INA), además de incrementar las actividades que puedan participar los profesionales no graduados en el sistema de salud e incluir en este curso( 2002û3) lo que han quedado rezagado en la actividad


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Graduate , Universities , Research
17.
Rev. medica electron ; 25(4)jul.-sept. 2003.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-23289

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva que según el período, la secuencia de estudio y el registro de la información tiene un carácter retrospectivo desde el curso escolar 1997 / 1998 que comenzó el Sistema de Créditos Académico a los profesionales de salud hasta el curso 2001 / 2002 con el fin de determinar el comportamiento de la superación profesional en el Municipio de Cárdenas. Se cuantificó el número de cursos post- grado de carácter municipal impartidos que fueron 122 con una participación de 2 659 profesionales de ellos la mayor participación fue de 903 Estomatólogos y 844 especialista en Medicina General Integral de los propios de la salud y de los profesionales no graduados en el sistema de salud, las Licenciadas en Psicología y Defectología con el 30.4. El universo lo constituyó el número de profesionales por plantilla del municipio de Cárdenas que asciende a 415 en el nivel primario de atención. Las actividades docentes se desarrollaron en las aulas del municipio de Salud, Policlínicos Docentes “José A. Echeverría” y “Héroes del Moncada”. Las estrategias de capacitación trazadas desde el curso 1997 hasta el 2002 se han cumplido lográndose la formación y superación de los recursos humanos con una sólida preparación científico técnica y humanística en correspondencia con los valores que requiere este personal. La información se resumió en tablas de contingencia y fueron procesados con una calculadora manual. Se recomienda mantener esta actividad de superación profesional de forma activa y de acuerdo a la identificación de Necesidades de Aprendizaje (INA), además de incrementar las actividades que puedan participar los profesionales no graduados en el sistema de salud e incluir en este curso( 2002–3) lo que han quedado rezagado en la actividad(AU)


Subject(s)
Universities , Education, Medical, Graduate , Research
18.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 36(3): 147-151, sept-dic. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-340510

ABSTRACT

Se desarrolló la caracterización de suspensiones de recubrimiento de núcleos placebos en sistemas acuosos que tenían como base polycoat 2 blanco, las que fueron coloreadas con 3 colorantes Lake diferentes. Se evaluó la densidad de estas suspensiones con diferentes porcentajes de sólidos dispersos (10-20 por ciento), y se observó un aumento de estas con el incremento de sólidos dispersos. Se realizó el recubrimiento de núcleos placebos de diferentes tamaños de troquel y a las tabletas recubiertas se les efectuó un estudio de estabilidad del color a la luz, mediante la evaluación de su densidad óptica, estableciéndose el orden amarillo > azul > rojo. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de ganancia de humedad de las tabletas recubiertas a diferentes humedades relativas en hidrostatos estabilizados, y se confirmó la eficacia del sistema de recubrimiento para la protección de las tabletas en condiciones normales de humedad relativa. Los parámetros físico-químicos evaluados en núcleos placebos y tabletas recubiertas cumplen con los límites establecidos y se discuten algunos de ellos


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutic Aids , Suspensions , Tablets, Enteric-Coated
19.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 36(3): 147-151, sept-dic. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-21819

ABSTRACT

Se desarrolló la caracterización de suspensiones de recubrimiento de núcleos placebos en sistemas acuosos que tenían como base polycoat 2 blanco, las que fueron coloreadas con 3 colorantes Lake diferentes. Se evaluó la densidad de estas suspensiones con diferentes porcentajes de sólidos dispersos (10-20 por ciento), y se observó un aumento de estas con el incremento de sólidos dispersos. Se realizó el recubrimiento de núcleos placebos de diferentes tamaños de troquel y a las tabletas recubiertas se les efectuó un estudio de estabilidad del color a la luz, mediante la evaluación de su densidad óptica, estableciéndose el orden amarillo > azul > rojo. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de ganancia de humedad de las tabletas recubiertas a diferentes humedades relativas en hidrostatos estabilizados, y se confirmó la eficacia del sistema de recubrimiento para la protección de las tabletas en condiciones normales de humedad relativa. Los parámetros físico-químicos evaluados en núcleos placebos y tabletas recubiertas cumplen con los límites establecidos y se discuten algunos de ellos(AU)


Subject(s)
Suspensions/analysis , Tablets, Enteric-Coated/analysis , Pharmaceutic Aids
20.
Thromb Res ; 107(6): 329-35, 2002 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12565720

ABSTRACT

Ethamsylate possesses antihemorrhagic properties, but whether or not it directly activates blood platelets is unclear. Here we investigated the platelet activation potential of ethamsylate, by measuring membrane P-selectin expression with flow cytometry in human whole blood and also by immunofluorescence imaging of isolated human platelets. Moreover, we measured membrane P-selectin expression in the SV40-transformed aortic rat endothelial cell line (SVAREC) and 14C-ethamsylate membrane binding and/or uptake in platelets and endothelial cells. Whole blood flow cytometry showed a modest, but statistically significant increase by ethamsylate in the percentage of platelets expressing P-selectin (from 2% to 4-5%, p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed a sizable (39%) and significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of P-selectin expression at the lowest concentration of ethamsylate tested (1 microM), with maximal enhancement of P-selectin expression (75-90%) at 10 microM ethamsylate. Similar results were obtained in SVAREC endothelial cells. 14C-ethamsylate specifically bound to platelets and endothelial cell membranes, without significant uptake into the cell interior. In conclusion, ethamsylate enhances membrane P-selectin expression in human platelets and in cultured endothelial cells. Ethamsylate specifically binds to some protein receptor in platelet and endothelial cell membranes, receptor which can signal for membrane P-selectin expression. These results support the view that ethamsylate acts on the first step of hemostasis, by improving platelet adhesiveness and restoring capillary resistance.


Subject(s)
Blood Platelets/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Ethamsylate/pharmacology , Hemostatics/pharmacology , P-Selectin/metabolism , Platelet Activation/drug effects , Animals , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Cell Line , Cells, Cultured , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Rats
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