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1.
Cir Pediatr ; 36(3): 144-146, 2023 Jul 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37417220

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Circumcision is one of the most frequent urological surgical procedures in the pediatric population globally. Complications, although rare, can be severe. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a Senegalese 10-year-old male patient who had undergone ritual circumcision in his early childhood and developed a progressive circumferential tumor in the penile body with no further associated symptoms. Surgical exploration was carried out. A fibrotic-looking penile ring, which was interpreted as an injury secondary to the non-absorbable suturing material used in the previous surgery, was identified. The tissue involved was removed, and on-demand preputioplasty was conducted. Due to technical limitations, the resected tissue could not be analyzed, which means diagnosis could not be histopathologically confirmed. The patient had a favorable progression. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that the medical personnel in charge of performing circumcisions should be adequately trained in order to prevent severe complications.


INTRODUCCION: La circuncisión es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos urológicos más frecuentemente realizados en la población pediátrica en todo el mundo. Las complicaciones, aunque infrecuentes, pueden ser graves. CASO CLINICO: Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón senegalés de 10 años que fue sometido a una circuncisión ritual en la primera infancia y que desarrolló una tumoración circunferencial progresiva en el cuerpo del pene sin otra sintomatología asociada. Se realizó una exploración quirúrgica y se identificó un rodete peneano de aspecto fibrótico que se interpretó como lesión secundaria al material de sutura no absorbible utilizado en la cirugía anterior. Se realizó una exéresis del tejido afecto y una prepucioplastia a demanda. Por limitaciones técnicas, no se pudo analizar el tejido resecado y por tanto no se pudo confirmar histopatológicamente el diagnóstico. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente. CONCLUSIONES: Este caso pone de manifiesto la necesidad de formar adecuadamente al personal que realiza la circuncisión para evitar complicaciones severas.


Subject(s)
Circumcision, Male , Humans , Male , Child , Child, Preschool , Circumcision, Male/adverse effects , Circumcision, Male/methods , Ceremonial Behavior , Penis/surgery , Sutures/adverse effects
2.
Cir. pediátr ; 36(3): 144-146, Jul. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222810

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La circuncisión es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos urológicos más frecuentemente realizados en la población pediátrica en todo el mundo. Las complicaciones, aunque infrecuentes,pueden ser graves. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón senegalés de10 años que fue sometido a una circuncisión ritual en la primera infanciay que desarrolló una tumoración circunferencial progresiva en el cuerpodel pene sin otra sintomatología asociada. Se realizó una exploraciónquirúrgica y se identificó un rodete peneano de aspecto fibrótico que seinterpretó como lesión secundaria al material de sutura no absorbibleutilizado en la cirugía anterior. Se realizó una exéresis del tejido afectoy una prepucioplastia a demanda. Por limitaciones técnicas, no se pudoanalizar el tejido resecado y por tanto no se pudo confirmar histopatológicamente el diagnóstico. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente. Conclusiones: Este caso pone de manifiesto la necesidad de formar adecuadamente al personal que realiza la circuncisión para evitarcomplicaciones severas.(AU)


Introduction: Circumcision is one of the most frequent urologicalsurgical procedures in the pediatric population globally. Complications,although rare, can be severe.Clinical case: We present the case of a Senegalese 10-year-oldmale patient who had undergone ritual circumcision in his early childhood and developed a progressive circumferential tumor in the penilebody with no further associated symptoms. Surgical exploration was carried out. A fibrotic-looking penile ring, which was interpreted asan injury secondary to the non-absorbable suturing material used inthe previous surgery, was identified. The tissue involved was removed,and on-demand preputioplasty was conducted. Due to technical limitations, the resected tissue could not be analyzed, which means diagnosiscould not be histopathologically confirmed. The patient had a favorableprogression. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that the medical personnelin charge of performing circumcisions should be adequately trained inorder to prevent severe complications.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Penis/abnormalities , Penis/injuries , Phimosis , Circumcision, Male , Fibrosis , Inpatients , Physical Examination , Pediatrics
3.
Cir Pediatr ; 35(3): 146-148, 2022 Jul 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35796088

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Perineal groove is an infrequent midline malformation. It is a humid, mucosal, non-keratinized groove located at the perineal midline, extending from the vulvar fourchette to the anterior anal border. It is rare and usually asymptomatic, and it heals spontaneously in most cases. It is frequently mistaken for other malformations, which means correctly identifying it is essential to avoid iatrogenesis. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a female newborn with an asymptomatic lesion at the perineal midline consistent with anorectal malformation. Following assessment by the Pediatric Surgery Department, she was diagnosed with perineal groove. DISCUSSION: Perineal groove is a little known malformation among healthcare professionals as it is infrequent and there are not many publications in the literature about it. This case demonstrates how important it is to keep this abnormality in mind to avoid erroneous diagnoses, unnecessary treatments, and family stress.


INTRODUCCION: El surco perineal es una malformación infrecuente de la línea media. Se trata de un surco húmedo, mucoso y no queratinizado localizado en la línea media del periné desde la horquilla vulvar hasta el borde anal anterior. Es una malformación infrecuente, usualmente asintomática y de resolución espontánea en la mayoría de los casos. Esta anomalía es frecuentemente confundida con otras malformaciones por lo que su reconocimiento es fundamental para evitar yatrogenia. CASO CLINICO: Se presenta el caso de una recién nacida con una lesión asintomática en la línea media del periné sospechosa de malformación anorrectal. Tras valoración por el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica se diagnosticó de surco perineal. COMENTARIOS: Debido a la infrecuencia y escasa documentación bibliográfica del surco perineal, esta malformación es desconocida para muchos sanitarios. Este caso expone la importancia de tener presente esta anomalía para evitar diagnósticos erróneos, tratamientos innecesarios y estrés familiar.


Subject(s)
Anal Canal , Perineum , Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn
4.
Cir. pediátr ; 35(3): 146-148, Jul 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-206105

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El surco perineal es una malformación infrecuente dela línea media. Se trata de un surco húmedo, mucoso y no queratinizado localizado en la línea media del periné desde la horquilla vulvar hastael borde anal anterior. Es una malformación infrecuente, usualmente asintomática y de resolución espontánea en la mayoría de los casos. Esta anomalía es frecuentemente confundida con otras malformaciones por lo que su reconocimiento es fundamental para evitar yatrogenia. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una recién nacida con una lesión asintomática en la línea media del periné sospechosa de malformación anorrectal. Tras valoración por el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica se diagnosticó de surco perineal. Comentarios: Debido a la infrecuencia y escasa documentación bibliográfica del surco perineal, esta malformación es desconocida paramuchos sanitarios. Este caso expone la importancia de tener presente estaanomalía para evitar diagnósticos erróneos, tratamientos innecesarios y estrés familiar.(AU)


Introduction: Perineal groove is an infrequent midline malformation. It is a humid, mucosal, non keratinized groove located at theperineal midline, extending from the vulvar fourchette to the anterioranal border. It is rare and usually asymptomatic, and it heals spontane-ously in most cases. It is frequently mistaken for other malformations,which means correctly identifying it is essential to avoid iatrogenesis. Clinical case: We present the case of a female newborn with anasymptomatic lesion at the perineal midline consistent with anorectal malformation. Following assessment by the Pediatric Surgery Department, she was diagnosed with perineal groove. Discussion: Perineal groove is a little known malformation amonghealthcare professionals as it is infrequent and there are not many publications in the literature about it. This case demonstrates how importantit is to keep this abnormality in mind to avoid erroneous diagnoses, unnecessary treatments, and family stress.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Perineum/injuries , Anorectal Malformations , Perineum/abnormalities , Perineum/diagnostic imaging , Diagnostic Errors , Congenital Abnormalities/prevention & control , Child Health , Pediatrics , General Surgery
5.
Cir Pediatr ; 35(1): 50-54, 2022 Jan 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35037442

ABSTRACT

Congenital megaprepuce is a urological pathology typical of childhood. It can be easily mistaken for other clinical entities such as physiological phimosis or buried penis. Owing to the risk of associated complications - primarily infectious and obstructive complications, with upper urinary tract involvement -, achieving an accurate diagnosis proves particularly significant for early treatment initiation. We present three cases of congenital megaprepuce diagnosed and operated on at our department from January 2019 to May 2020. Diagnosis, therapy, and clinical progression are described.


El megaprepucio congénito es una patología urológica propia de la infancia que puede ser fácilmente confundida con otras entidades clínicas como la fimosis fisiológica o el pene enterrado. Debido al riesgo de complicaciones asociadas, principalmente de carácter infeccioso u obstructivo con afectación del tracto urinario superior, es importante incidir en su correcto diagnóstico de cara a ofertar un tratamiento precoz. Presentamos tres casos de megaprepucio congénito, diagnosticados e intervenidos en nuestro servicio durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2019 y mayo de 2020, describiéndose el diagnóstico, la terapéutica empleada y la evolución clínica.


Subject(s)
Phimosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Penis , Phimosis/surgery , Prognosis , Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
6.
Cir. pediátr ; 35(1): 1-5, Enero, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203590

ABSTRACT

El megaprepucio congénito es una patología urológica propia dela infancia que puede ser fácilmente confundida con otras entidadesclínicas como la fimosis fisiológica o el pene enterrado. Debido al riesgode complicaciones asociadas, principalmente de carácter infeccioso uobstructivo con afectación del tracto urinario superior, es importanteincidir en su correcto diagnóstico de cara a ofertar un tratamiento precoz.Presentamos tres casos de megaprepucio congénito, diagnosticados eintervenidos en nuestro servicio durante el periodo comprendido entreenero de 2019 y mayo de 2020, describiéndose el diagnóstico, la tera-péutica empleada y la evolución clínica.


Congenital megaprepuce is a urological pathology typical ofchildhood. It can be easily mistaken for other clinical entities such asphysiological phimosis or buried penis. Owing to the risk of associ-ated complications – primarily infectious and obstructive complications,with upper urinary tract involvement –, achieving an accurate diagnosisproves particularly significant for early treatment initiation. We presentthree cases of congenital megaprepuce diagnosed and operated on atour department from January 2019 to May 2020. Diagnosis, therapy,and clinical progression are described.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Phimosis/surgery , Penis , Diagnosis, Differential , Foreskin , Foreskin/surgery , Circumcision, Male , Pediatrics , General Surgery , Male Urogenital Diseases
7.
Cir Pediatr ; 30(2): 105-110, 2017 Apr 20.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28857534

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Since 2007, we have examined in our medical practice children with cranial deformities. The increasing demand and lack of professionals dedicated to it has forced us to assume the treatment of this disease. We present our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with cranial deformities treated from 2010 to 2015. We collected data as age at the first visit and at discharge, sequential measurements of the skull and cranial index, type of treatment prescribed (postural, orthosis or both) and consultation requested to other specialties. In the first stage (2010-2012), each surgeon prescribed the treatment he considered appropriate. Since November 2012 a protocol has been implemented, it includes guideline sheets for the surgeon and parents with information on postural therapy and graphs to record the measurements. RESULTS: We have treated 261 patients. Two were diagnosed with craniosynostosis. From the rest, only 151 possessed complete quantitative data and were included in the study with 105 men and 46 women and a mean age of 5.8 months (± 1.9 months). There were 23 pure brachycephaly, 126 mixed forms and 2 pure plagiocephaly. A significant disparity between observers' measurements was noticed. All patients underwent a protocolized postural treatment. In 36 patients who did not improve with postural treatment, cranial orthosis was prescribed with good response: 66.8% became mild forms. Those who maintained only postural treatment also improved to milder forms in 64.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a protocol has enabled us to unify the care and follow-up of these patients. Cranial measurement techniques should be more precise and reproducible. Good postural treatment and empathy with the family reduce the use of orthosis in carefully selected cases.


INTRODUCCION: Desde 2007 hemos valorado en consulta a niños con deformidades craneales. La creciente demanda y la falta de profesionales dedicados nos obligaron a asumir el tratamiento de esta patología. Presentamos nuestra experiencia. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los enfermos con deformidades craneales atendidos desde 2010 a 2015. Recopilamos datos sobre edad en la primera visita y al alta, medidas secuenciales del cráneo, tipo de tratamiento prescrito (postural, ortesis o ambos) e interconsulta a otras especialidades. En la primera etapa (2010-2012), cada cirujano prescribía el tratamiento que consideraba oportuno. Desde noviembre de 2012 se implementó un protocolo que incluye una hoja de actuación para el cirujano y otra para los padres con información sobre medidas posturales y gráficas para anotar las mediciones. RESULTADOS: Hemos atendido a 261 pacientes afectos de deformidades craneales. Dos fueron diagnosticados de craneosinostosis. Del resto, solo 151 disponían de datos cuantitativos completos y se incluyeron en el estudio. Fueron 105 varones y 46 mujeres con edad media de 5,8 meses (± 1,9 meses). Veintitrés presentaban una braquicefalia pura, 126 formas mixtas y 2 presentaban plagiocefalia pura. Existía una importante disparidad entre observadores en la toma de medidas. Todos fueron sometidos a un tratamiento postural protocolizado. En 36 enfermos que no mejoraban se pautó ortesis craneal con buena respuesta: 66,8% pasaron a formas más leves. Los que se mantuvieron solo con tratamiento postural también mejoraron evolucionando a formas más leves en el 64,4%. CONCLUSIONES: La introducción de un protocolo asistencial nos ha permitido unificar la atención y el seguimiento de estos enfermos. Las técnicas de medición craneal deben ser más precisas y reproducibles. Un buen tratamiento postural y empatía con la familia reducen la utilización de ortesis a casos muy seleccionados.


Subject(s)
Craniosynostoses/therapy , Orthotic Devices , Plagiocephaly/therapy , Skull/abnormalities , Craniosynostoses/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Male , Plagiocephaly/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
8.
Cir. pediátr ; 30(2): 105-110, abr. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-166519

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Desde 2007 hemos valorado en consulta a niños con deformidades craneales. La creciente demanda y la falta de profesionales dedicados nos obligaron a asumir el tratamiento de esta patología. Presentamos nuestra experiencia. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los enfermos con deformidades craneales atendidos desde 2010 a 2015. Recopilamos datos sobre edad en la primera visita y al alta, medidas secuenciales del cráneo, tipo de tratamiento prescrito (postural, ortesis o ambos) e interconsulta a otras especialidades. En la primera etapa (2010-2012), cada cirujano prescribía el tratamiento que consideraba oportuno. Desde noviembre de 2012 se implementó un protocolo que incluye una hoja de actuación para el cirujano y otra para los padres con información sobre medidas posturales y gráficas para anotar las mediciones. Resultados. Hemos atendido a 261 pacientes afectos de deformidades craneales. Dos fueron diagnosticados de craneosinostosis. Del resto, solo 151 disponían de datos cuantitativos completos y se incluyeron en el estudio. Fueron 105 varones y 46 mujeres con edad media de 5,8 meses (± 1,9 meses). Veintitrés presentaban una braquicefalia pura, 126 formas mixtas y 2 presentaban plagiocefalia pura. Existía una importante disparidad entre observadores en la toma de medidas. Todos fueron sometidos a un tratamiento postural protocolizado. En 36 enfermos que no mejoraban se pautó ortesis craneal con buena respuesta: 66,8% pasaron a formas más leves. Los que se mantuvieron solo con tratamiento postural también mejoraron evolucionando a formas más leves en el 64,4%. Conclusiones. La introducción de un protocolo asistencial nos ha permitido unificar la atención y el seguimiento de estos enfermos. Las técnicas de medición craneal deben ser más precisas y reproducibles. Un buen tratamiento postural y empatía con la familia reducen la utilización de ortesis a casos muy seleccionados (AU)


Introduction. Since 2007, we have examined in our medical practice children with cranial deformities. The increasing demand and lack of professionals dedicated to it has forced us to assume the treatment of this disease. We present our experience. Material and methods. Retrospective study of patients with cranial deformities treated from 2010 to 2015. We collected data as age at the first visit and at discharge, sequential measurements of the skull and cranial index, type of treatment prescribed (postural, orthosis or both) and consultation requested to other specialties. In the first stage (2010-2012), each surgeon prescribed the treatment he considered appropriate. Since November 2012 a protocol has been implemented, it includes guideline sheets for the surgeon and parents with information on postural therapy and graphs to record the measurements. Results. We have treated 261 patients. Two were diagnosed with craniosynostosis. From the rest, only 151 possessed complete quantitative data and were included in the study with 105 men and 46 women and a mean age of 5.8 months (± 1.9 months). There were 23 pure brachycephaly, 126 mixed forms and 2 pure plagiocephaly. A significant disparity between observers’ measurements was noticed. All patients underwent a protocolized postural treatment. In 36 patients who did not improve with postural treatment, cranial orthosis was prescribed with good response: 66.8% became mild forms. Those who maintained only postural treatment also improved to milder forms in 64.4%. Conclusions. The implementation of a protocol has enabled us to unify the care and follow-up of these patients. Cranial measurement techniques should be more precise and reproducible. Good postural treatment and empathy with the family reduce the use of orthosis in carefully selected cases (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniofacial Abnormalities/epidemiology , Craniosynostoses/epidemiology , Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic/epidemiology , Clinical Protocols , Retrospective Studies , Cephalometry/methods , Orthotic Devices , Physical Therapy Modalities , Craniofacial Abnormalities/therapy
9.
Cir. pediátr ; 29(4): 158-161, oct. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-162212

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. El estado hipercatabólico proteico en el paciente pediátrico postoperado puede ser minimizado con un tratamiento nutricional eficaz. Realizamos un estudio para evaluar los beneficios de la nutrición parenteral precoz (NPp) valorando su efecto sobre los parámetros nutricionales y su relevancia clínica en postoperatorios quirúrgicos complejos. Material y método. Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado en pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal donde se preveía dieta absoluta por un periodo ≥3 días, entre 2012 y 2016. Se realizaron analíticas valorando parámetros nutricionales en las primeras 24 horas y al 5º día postoperatorio. Se crearon 2 grupos, iniciando NPp en grupo A y fluidoterapia estándar en grupo B, tras la extracción de la primera muestra. Resultados. Se incluyeron 44 pacientes, 18 en grupo A y 26 en grupo B. En la primera analítica todos presentaban niveles disminuidos de prealbúmina y proteína fijadora del retinol. Al 5º día, el 55,6% del grupo A normalizaron la prealbúmina frente al 11,5% del B (p: 0,003, FEE = 80%) mientras que la proteína fijadora del retinol se normalizó en el 66,7% y 34,6%, respectivamente (p: 0,07 FEE = 48,4%). Tres pacientes del grupo A (16,7%) presentaron complicaciones infecciosas en el postoperatorio frente a 8 del B (30,8%), diferencia no estadísticamente significativa pero relevante clínicamente (NNT = 7,1), ya que estos últimos mostraban niveles bajos de prealbúmina y mayor estancia hospitalaria. No se detectaron complicaciones relacionadas con la NPp. Conclusión. La administración de NPp en postoperatorios complejos parece ser segura y beneficiosa para la recuperación de los pacientes, siendo la prealbúmina un indicador precoz de buena respuesta nutricional


Objective. The protein hypercatabolic state in critically ill pediatric patients can be minimized by an effective nutrition therapy. We conducted a study to evaluate the benefits of early parenteral nutrition (EPN) assessing its effect on nutritional parameters and clinical relevance after complex surgical procedures. Methods. Prospective randomized study in patients undergoing abdominal surgery in which nothing by mouth is anticipated for a period ≥ 3 days, between 2012 and 2014. Blood tests were performed assessing nutritional parameters in the first 24 hours and the 5th postoperative day. Two groups were created, starting EPN in group A and standard fluid therapy in group B, after the extraction of the first sample. Results: Forty-four patients were included, 18 in group A and 26 in group B. In the first analysis all had decreased levels of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein. On the 5th day, 55,6% of group A normalized prealbumin levels compared to 11,5% of B (p: 0.003, EF = 80%) whereas retinol-binding protein was normalized in 66,7% and 34.6%, respectively (p: 0,07, EF = 48,4%). Three patients in group A (16,7%) had postoperative infectious complications compared to 8 in B (30,8%), difference no statistically significant but clinically relevant (NNT=7,1), since the latter showed low prealbumin levels and longer hospital stay. No complications related to EPN were detected. Conclusion. Administration of EPN in the complex postoperative patients appears to be safe and beneficial for their recovery, being the prealbumin an early indicator of good nutritional response


Subject(s)
Humans , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Postoperative Complications/diet therapy , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Postoperative Care/methods , Prealbumin/analysis , Treatment Outcome , Retinol-Binding Proteins/analysis
10.
Cir. pediátr ; 29(3): 96-100, jul. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-161401

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los catéteres centrales de inserción periférica están indicados cuando se prevé un tratamiento endovenoso durante más de 6 días o menos si se utiliza medicación flebotóxica. Presentamos nuestra experiencia reciente. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo desde 2014 a 2015 incluyendo pacientes a los cuales se les colocó un catéter ya sea en quirófano, tras la cirugía y antes de despertar al enfermo, o en la UCI Pediátrica por venopunción directa o ecoguiada. Revisamos características del paciente, enfermedad de base, procedimiento de canalización, tipo y duración de la vía, tratamiento endovenoso y complicaciones. Resultados. Colocamos 69 catéteres de 3, 4 y 5 Fr (1 o 2 luces) en 66 pacientes con edad media de 5,71 años (± 4,24). Eran mayoritariamente enfermos de Cirugía Pediátrica (n= 19) sobre todo apendicitis agudas complicadas (n=12). Se canalizaron venas del brazo sin dificultades salvo 2 punciones arteriales accidentales. No hubo complicaciones infecciosas, pero sí 7 extravasaciones (un quilotórax) que obligaron a retirar el catéter y 3 obstrucciones por nutrición parenteral resueltas con irrigación de heparina. Dos enfermos fallecieron y uno fue derivado a otro centro con el catéter en uso. No hubo trombosis venosas clínicas. La duración media del acceso fue de 10,6 días (máximo 62 días). Conclusiones. Los catéteres centrales de inserción periférica facilitan el manejo de los pacientes evitando las punciones venosas periféricas repetidas y su colocación en quirófano, tras la cirugía y antes de despertar al enfermo, facilita la canalización y reduce las complicaciones. Es por eso que hemos incluido estos en el protocolo terapéutico de enfermos seleccionados


Introduction. Peripherally inserted central catheters are indicated when an intravenous treatment is expected for more than 6 days or less if phlebotoxic medication is used. We report our recent experience. Methods. Retrospective study from 2014 to 2015 including patients to whom a catheter was placed either, in the operating room after surgery and before awakening the patient, or in the Pediatric ICU by direct or ultrasound guidance venipuncture. We reviewed patient characteristics, underlying disease, line catheterization procedure, type and duration of venous line, intravenous treatment and complications. Results. Sixty-nine catheters of 3, 4 and 5 Fr (1 or 2 lumens) were placed in 66 patients with a median age of 5.71 years (± 4.24). They were mainly Pediatric Surgery patients (n = 19) mostly complicated acute appendicitis (n = 12). Arm veins were catheterized without difficulties except for two accidental arterial punctures. There were no infectious complications but 7 patients presented extravasation (one chylothorax) that forced the removal of the catheters and 3 reported obstruction by parenteral nutrition resolved with heparin irrigation. Two patients died and one was referred to another center with the catheter in use. There were no clinical venous thromboses. The median line duration was 10.6 days (maximum of 62 days). Conclusions. Peripherally inserted central catheters facilitate the management of patients avoiding repeated peripheral venipunctures. Its placement in the operating room after surgery and before the patient awakes, facilitates line catheterization and reduces complications. That is why we have included it in the therapeutic protocol of selected patients, the use of this type of catheter


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Critical Care/methods , Retrospective Studies , Catheters, Indwelling , Treatment Outcome , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data
11.
Cir Pediatr ; 29(3): 96-100, 2016 Jul 10.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28393502

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Peripherally inserted central catheters are indicated when an intravenous treatment is expected for more than 6 days or less if phlebotoxic medication is used. We report our recent experience. METHODS: Retrospective study from 2014 to 2015 including patients to whom a catheter was placed either, in the operating room after surgery and before awakening the patient, or in the Pediatric ICU by direct or ultrasound guidance venipuncture. We reviewed patient characteristics, underlying disease, line catheterization procedure, type and duration of venous line, intravenous treatment and complications. RESULTS: Sixty-nine catheters of 3, 4 and 5 Fr (1 or 2 lumens) were placed in 66 patients with a median age of 5.71 years (± 4.24). They were mainly Pediatric Surgery patients (n = 19) mostly complicated acute appendicitis (n = 12). Arm veins were catheterized without difficulties except for two accidental arterial punctures. There were no infectious complications but 7 patients presented extravasation (one chylothorax) that forced the removal of the catheters and 3 reported obstruction by parenteral nutrition resolved with heparin irrigation. Two patients died and one was referred to another center with the catheter in use. There were no clinical venous thromboses. The median line duration was 10.6 days (maximum of 62 days). CONCLUSIONS: Peripherally inserted central catheters facilitate the management of patients avoiding repeated peripheral venipunctures. Its placement in the operating room after surgery and before the patient awakes, facilitates line catheterization and reduces complications. That is why we have included it in the therapeutic protocol of selected patients, the use of this type of catheter.


INTRODUCCION: Los catéteres centrales de inserción periférica están indicados cuando se prevé un tratamiento endovenoso durante más de 6 días o menos si se utiliza medicación flebotóxica. Presentamos nuestra experiencia reciente. METODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo desde 2014 a 2015 incluyendo pacientes a los cuales se les colocó un catéter ya sea en quirófano, tras la cirugía y antes de despertar al enfermo, o en la UCI Pediátrica por venopunción directa o ecoguiada. Revisamos características del paciente, enfermedad de base, procedimiento de canalización, tipo y duración de la vía, tratamiento endovenoso y complicaciones. RESULTADOS: Colocamos 69 catéteres de 3, 4 y 5 Fr (1 o 2 luces) en 66 pacientes con edad media de 5,71 años (± 4,24). Eran mayoritariamente enfermos de Cirugía Pediátrica (n= 19) sobre todo apendicitis agudas complicadas (n=12). Se canalizaron venas del brazo sin dificultades salvo 2 punciones arteriales accidentales. No hubo complicaciones infecciosas, pero sí 7 extravasaciones (un quilotórax) que obligaron a retirar el catéter y 3 obstrucciones por nutrición parenteral resueltas con irrigación de heparina. Dos enfermos fallecieron y uno fue derivado a otro centro con el catéter en uso. No hubo trombosis venosas clínicas. La duración media del acceso fue de 10,6 días (máximo 62 días). CONCLUSIONES: Los catéteres centrales de inserción periférica facilitan el manejo de los pacientes evitando las punciones venosas periféricas repetidas y su colocación en quirófano, tras la cirugía y antes de despertar al enfermo, facilita la canalización y reduce las complicaciones. Es por eso que hemos incluido estos en el protocolo terapéutico de enfermos seleccionados.


Subject(s)
Catheterization, Peripheral , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Catheterization, Peripheral/methods , Catheterization, Peripheral/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Retrospective Studies
12.
Cir Pediatr ; 29(4): 158-161, 2016 Oct 10.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28481068

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The protein hypercatabolic state in critically ill pediatric patients can be minimized by an effective nutrition therapy. We conducted a study to evaluate the benefits of early parenteral nutrition (EPN) assessing its effect on nutritional parameters and clinical relevance after complex surgical procedures. METHODS: Prospective randomized study in patients undergoing abdominal surgery in which nothing by mouth is anticipated for a period ≥ 3 days, between 2012 and 2014. Blood tests were performed assessing nutritional parameters in the first 24 hours and the 5th postoperative day. Two groups were created, starting EPN in group A and standard fluid therapy in group B, after the extraction of the first sample. RESULTS: Forty-four patients were included, 18 in group A and 26 in group B. In the first analysis all had decreased levels of prealbumin and retinol-binding protein. On the 5th day, 55,6% of group A normalized prealbumin levels compared to 11,5% of B (p: 0.003, EF = 80%) whereas retinol-binding protein was normalized in 66,7% and 34.6%, respectively (p: 0,07, EF = 48,4%). Three patients in group A (16,7%) had postoperative infectious complications compared to 8 in B (30,8%), difference no statistically significant but clinically relevant (NNT=7,1), since the latter showed low prealbumin levels and longer hospital stay. No complications related to EPN were detected. CONCLUSION: Administration of EPN in the complex postoperative patients appears to be safe and beneficial for their recovery, being the prealbumin an early indicator of good nutritional response.


OBJETIVOS: El estado hipercatabólico proteico en el paciente pediátrico postoperado puede ser minimizado con un tratamiento nutricional eficaz. Realizamos un estudio para evaluar los beneficios de la nutrición parenteral precoz (NPp) valorando su efecto sobre los parámetros nutricionales y su relevancia clínica en postoperatorios quirúrgicos complejos. MATERIAL Y METODO: Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado en pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal donde se preveía dieta absoluta por un periodo ≥3 días, entre 2012 y 2016. Se realizaron analíticas valorando parámetros nutricionales en las primeras 24 horas y al 5º día postoperatorio. Se crearon 2 grupos, iniciando NPp en grupo A y fluidoterapia estándar en grupo B, tras la extracción de la primera muestra. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 44 pacientes, 18 en grupo A y 26 en grupo B. En la primera analítica todos presentaban niveles disminuidos de prealbúmina y proteína fijadora del retinol. Al 5º día, el 55,6% del grupo A normalizaron la prealbúmina frente al 11,5% del B (p: 0,003, FEE = 80%) mientras que la proteína fijadora del retinol se normalizó en el 66,7% y 34,6%, respectivamente (p: 0,07 FEE = 48,4%). Tres pacientes del grupo A (16,7%) presentaron complicaciones infecciosas en el postoperatorio frente a 8 del B (30,8%), diferencia no estadísticamente significativa pero relevante clínicamente (NNT = 7,1), ya que estos últimos mostraban niveles bajos de prealbúmina y mayor estancia hospitalaria. No se detectaron complicaciones relacionadas con la NPp. CONCLUSION: La administración de NPp en postoperatorios complejos parece ser segura y beneficiosa para la recuperación de los pacientes, siendo la prealbúmina un indicador precoz de buena respuesta nutricional.


Subject(s)
Abdomen/surgery , Fasting , Parenteral Nutrition , Postoperative Complications , Critical Illness , Humans , Length of Stay , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Prospective Studies
13.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 38(2): 329-32, 2015.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26486543

ABSTRACT

Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is an unusual cause of recurrent chest or abdominal pain in children. The diagnosis is elusive, including gastroenterological, cardiac, respiratory, infectious and chest or abdominal muscular pathologies. Two paediatric patients were diagnosed with SRS, both of them were female teenagers with a similar clinical pattern: crippling unilateral chest pain without a traumatic event. On physical examination, all patients had reproducible pain with the "hooking maneuver". Surgical excision of the costal cartilages was done, preserving the perichondrium. No complications were reported. In both cases we achieve an excellent outcome after one and four years of follow-up, resolving the symptoms completely. The surgical excision of the costal cartilages seems to be an aggressive option but with an excellent outcome. A minimum invasive approach could be a better option in the future.


Subject(s)
Ribs/abnormalities , Abdominal Pain , Adolescent , Cartilage/surgery , Chest Pain/etiology , Child , Female , Humans , Ribs/surgery , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome
14.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 38(2): 329-332, mayo-ago. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140736

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de la costilla deslizante (SCD) es una entidad infrecuente, que exige un diagnóstico diferencial preciso incluyendo patología digestiva, cardiaca, respiratoria, infecciosa y músculo-esquelética torácica o abdominal. Se presenta el caso de dos niñas, en edad puberal, con dolor torácico incapacitante de varios meses de evolución y sin antecedente traumático. En la exploración existía un punto de dolor a la palpación de la parrilla costal y la 'maniobra del gancho' era dolorosa. Se realizó una resección de los cartílagos costales, respetando el pericondrio. La evolución tras uno y cuatro años de seguimiento, fue satisfactoria sin complicaciones y con resolución inmediata de la sintomatología. La cirugía de resección costal parece una opción muy agresiva, aunque con resultados muy satisfactorios. Un abordaje mínimamente invasivo podría ser mejor opción a considerar en el futuro (AU)


Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is an unusual cause of recurrent chest or abdominal pain in children. The diagnosis is elusive, including gastroenterological, cardiac, respiratory, infectious and chest or abdominal muscular pathologies. Two paediatric patients were diagnosed with SRS, both of them were female teenagers with a similar clinical pattern: crippling unilateral chest pain without a traumatic event. On physical examination, all patients had reproducible pain with the 'hooking maneuver'. Surgical excision of the costal cartilages was done, preserving the perichondrium. No complications were reported. In both cases we achieve an excellent outcome after one and four years of follow-up, resolving the symptoms completely. The surgical excision of the costal cartilages seems to be an aggressive option but with an excellent outcome. A minimum invasive approach could be a better option in the future (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Cervical Rib Syndrome/diagnosis , Cervical Rib Syndrome/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Chest Pain/complications , Chest Pain/etiology , Tietze's Syndrome/complications , Tietze's Syndrome/surgery , Costal Cartilage/surgery
15.
Cir. pediátr ; 27(4): 178-182, oct. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-140546

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Los avances en radiología intervencionista y cirugía laparoscópica nos han permitido implantar un protocolo terapéutico del varicocele del adolescente que pretende obtener el máximo rendimiento de ambas opciones. Evaluamos nuestros resultados. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de varicocele tratados en nuestro hospital según protocolo entre 2008 y 2013. Tras confirmar clínica y ecográficamente la indicación terapéutica, los pacientes son sometidos a embolización percutánea retrógrada (EPR). Realizamos varicocelectomía laparoscópica (VL) cuando la EPR no ha sido resolutiva y desde 2009 asociamos preservación linfática mediante linfografía con azul patente. Resultados. Hemos tratado a 55 pacientes afectos de varicocele. Edad media en el momento del tratamiento: 13 años (rango: 11 -16). Se realizó EPR según protocolo en 50 pacientes (90,9%), de los cuales el 80% presentó remisión del varicocele comprobada en ecografía realizada a los 6 meses del procedimiento. Fueron sometidos a VL 16 pacientes (29,1%), de los cuales 5 no pudieron ser embolizados previamente. Se realizó linfografía con azul patente en 13 (23,6%), y cirugía por puerto único en 6 pacientes. En ningún caso la presencia de coils por EPR previa supuso limitación para la VL posterior. La tasa de remisión tras VL fue del 100% a los 6 meses de seguimiento. Se registraron 2 linfoceles postoperatorios, ninguno tras linfografía previa a la VL. Conclusiones. Teniendo en cuenta nuestros resultados, consideramos que esta secuencia terapéutica es segura, altamente resolutiva, supone una mínima agresión quirúrgica y permite reducir la tasa de linfoceles postoperatorios


Objective. Optimal treatment of varicocele in adolescents remains a topic of discussion. Strides in interventional radiology and laparoscopy have allowed us to implement a multidisciplinary therapeutic protocol that aims to get best of both. We evaluate our results. Methods. Retrospective study of pediatric patients treated for varicocele in our hospital under protocol between 2008 and 2013. Once the therapeutic indication is confirmed, through clinical and Doppler ultrasound examination, patients undergo percutaneous retrograde embolization (PRE). We perform laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LV) when the PRE fails, together with lymphatic preservation using blue patent lymphography prior to surgery. Results. Fifty-five patients with varicocele were treated at a mean age of 13 years old (range 11-16). PRE was performed in 50 patients (90.9%), with a proportion of remission of 80% by ultrasound study 6 months after PRE. Sixteen patients (29.1%) underwent LV, five of whom without prior PRE. Lymphography with patent blue was performed in 13 (23.6%), and single-port surgery in 6 patients. The presence of coils of PRE did not hinder subsequent LV. The remission rate after LV was 100% at 6 months follow up. Two postoperative lymphoceles were recorded, none after patent blue lymphography. Conclusions. We found in this therapeutic sequence a safe and efficient alternative, allowing a minimal surgical invasion and reducing the rate of postoperative lymphoceles


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Male , Varicocele/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Retrospective Studies , Lymphography
16.
Cir Pediatr ; 27(4): 178-82, 2014 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26065110

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Optimal treatment ot vancocele in adolescents remains a topic of discussion. Strides in interventional radiology and laparoscopy have allowed us to implement a multidisciplinary therapeutic protocol that aims to get best of both. We evaluate our results. METHODS: . Retrospective study of pediatric patients treated for varicocele in our hospital under protocol between 2008 and 2013. Once the therapeutic indication is confirmed, through clinical and Doppler ultrasound examination, patients undergo percutaneous retrograde embolization (PRE). We perform laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LV) when the PRE fails, together with lymphatic preservation using blue patent lymphography prior to surgery. RESULTS: . Fifty-five patients with varicocele were treated at a mean age of 13 years old (range 11-16). PRE was performed in 50 patients (90.9%), with a proportion of remission of 80% by ultrasound study 6 months after PRE. Sixteen patients (29.1%) underwent LV five of whom without prior PRE. Lymphography with patent blue was performed in 13 (23.6%), and single-port surgery in 6 patients. The presence of coils of PRE did not hinder subsequent LV. The remission rate after LV was 100% at 6 months follow up. Two postoperative lymphoceles were recorded, none after patent blue lymphography. CONCLUSIONS: . We found in this therapeutic sequence a safe and efficient alternative, allowing a minimal surgical invasion and reducing the rate of postoperative lymphoceles.


Subject(s)
Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Lymphocele/epidemiology , Varicocele/therapy , Adolescent , Child , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lymphocele/etiology , Male , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Radiology, Interventional , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Varicocele/pathology
17.
Cir. pediátr ; 26(4): 177-182, oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-118369

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Describir un nuevo modelo experimental de brida amnió tica en ratas y mostrar los resultados morfológicos iniciales. Material y métodos. El modelo se creó mediante ligadura con seda de una pata trasera de los fetos el día 17 de gestación; en determinados fetos la ligadura fue retirada el día 19 de gestación. Los fetos se extrajeron mediante cesárea el día 21 de gestación, analizando sus pesos y las características morfológicas de sus patas traseras. Utilizamos 10 ratas SD gestantes, con un peso de 263 g (231-279). Se analizaron 113 fetos repartidos en 6 grupos: fetos de ratas control (n=28), apertura y cierre uterino (n=7), creación de brida (n=28), creación y retirada de la brida (n=14) y fetos a los que no se intervino pero formaban parte de las camadas de los grupos en que se creó la brida (n=19) y de los que se creó y se retiró (n=17). Las comparaciones entre grupos se realizaron mediante test paramétricos considerando significativas diferencias con p<0,05.Resultados. Los fetos intervenidos (ligadura y ligadura con retirada) mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el peso (medias=4,56 g y 4,4 g) y longitud de patas traseras (medias=3,97 mm y 5,34 mm) respecto al resto de grupos, no así el grupo de apertura y cierre uterino sin actuación sobre el feto. La tasa de abortos en fetos intervenidos fue del 16,6% y la de amputaciones del 8,3%.Discusión. Se describe un modelo experimental viable y reproducible de bridas amnióticas, con posibles aplicaciones, tanto en el estudio de la enfermedad como en el papel de la cirugía fetal sobre la misma (AU)


Purpose. Our objective is to describe a new experimental model of amniotic band in rats and to show the initial morphological results. Methods. The model was created by ligation of a hind limb with silk on day 17 of gestation; in selected fetuses ligation was withdrawn on day 19 of gestation. Fetuses were removed by cesarean section on day 21 of gestation, analyzing their weights and morphological charcteristics of their hind legs. We used 10 pregnant SD rats, weighing 263 g (231-279). One hundred and thirteen fetuses were analyzed divided into 6 groups: fetuses from control rats (n=28), uterine opening and closing (n=7), band creation (n=28), band creation and subsequent removal (n=14) and not intervened fetuses of the litters in which the band was created (n=19) and that the band was created and removed (n=17). Comparisons between groups were made using parametric tests considering p<0.05 as a threshold for significance. Results. Operated fetuses (band creation and band creation and removal) showed statistically significant differences in weight (mean=4.56 g and 4.4 g) and length of their hind limbs (mean=3.97 mm and 5.34 mm) compared to the rest of the groups. The rate of abortions in operated fetuses was 16.6% and the rate of amputations was 8.3%.Discussion. A viable and reproducible experimental model of amniotic band is described, with potential applications in both the study of the disease and the role of fetal surgery thereon (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Amniotic Band Syndrome/surgery , Fetal Therapies/methods , Laparotomy/methods , Disease Models, Animal , Fetal Diseases/surgery
18.
Cir Pediatr ; 26(4): 177-82, 2013 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24645243

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Our objective is to describe a new experimental model of amniotic band in rats and to show the initial morphological results. METHODS: The model was created by ligation of a hind limb with silk on day 17 of gestation; in selected fetuses ligation was withdrawn on day 19 of gestation. Fetuses were removed by cesarean section on day 21 of gestation, analyzing their weights and morphological characteristics of their hind legs. We used 10 pregnant SD rats, weighing 263 g (231-279). One hundred and thirteen fetuses were analyzed divided into 6 groups: fetuses from control rats (n=28), uterine opening and closing (n=7), band creation (n=28), band creation and subsequent removal (n=14) and not intervened fetuses of the litters in which the band was created (n=19) and that the band was created and removed (n=17). Comparisons between groups were made using parametric tests considering p<0.05 as a threshold for significance. RESULTS: Operated fetuses (band creation and band creation and removal) showed statistically significant differences in weight (mean=4.56 g and 4.4 g) and length of their hind limbs (mean=3.97 mm and 5.34 mm) compared to the rest of the groups. The rate of abortions in operated fetuses was 16.6% and the rate of amputations was 8.3%. DISCUSSION: A viable and reproducible experimental model of amniotic band is described, with potential applications in both the study of the disease and the role of fetal surgery thereon.


Subject(s)
Amniotic Band Syndrome/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Fetal Therapies/methods , Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology , Amputation, Traumatic/epidemiology , Animals , Female , Hindlimb/embryology , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reproducibility of Results
19.
Cir Pediatr ; 25(2): 103-8, 2012 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23113399

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Our objective is to analyze the variables that influence the outcome of Small Bowel Transplantation (SBT) in rats in an experimental microsurgery program. The surgical technique and perioperative care are described in detail. METHODS: Retrospective study of the SBT in rats conducted in our experimental surgery laboratory from 2002 to 2010. The animals were divided into group A (those who survived more than 48 hours) and group B (those who died earlier without justificable cause). We compared in both groups: number of transplants performed by the surgeon, warm ischemia time, cold ischemia time and duration of the procedure. RESULTS: Five surgeons with different degrees of microsurgical training participated in the study. A total of 521 SBT were performed with an overall survival of 48%. The first successful transplant was performed after a median of 46 (25-68) transplants. Total procedure time (3.5 vs 2.9 hours) and warm ischemia time (51 vs 35 minutes) were higher in group B (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The number of transplants required for learning the technique is high. However, survival is acceptable when the time needed for vascular anastomosis is reduced. The SBT in rats is a valuable model for surgical training and research of the phenomena related to SBT.


Subject(s)
Intestines/transplantation , Animals , Models, Animal , Organ Transplantation/methods , Rats , Rats, Inbred BN , Rats, Wistar
20.
Cir. pediátr ; 25(2): 103-108, abr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107322

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las variables que in-fluyen en los resultados del trasplante de intestino delgado (TID) en ratas en un programa de microcirugía experimental. Se describe con detalle la técnica quirúrgica y los cuidados perioperatorios con objeto de favorecer el aprendizaje de la técnica. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los TID en ratas realizados en nuestro laboratorio de cirugía experimental desde el año 2002 al 2010. Dividimos los animales en grupo A (los que sobrevivieron más de 48 horas) y grupo B (los que fallecieron precozmente sin causa justificable). Comparamos en ambos grupos: número de trasplantes realizados por el cirujano, tiempo de isquemia caliente, tiempo de isquemia fría y duración total del procedimiento. Resultados. Cinco cirujanos con distinto grado de formación microquirúrgica participaron en el estudio. Se realizaron en total 521 TID con una supervivencia global del 48%. El primer trasplante con éxito se realizó tras una mediana de 46 (25-68) trasplantes. El tiempo total del procedimiento (3,5 vs. 2,9 horas) y el tiempo de isquemia caliente (51 vs. 35 minutos) fueron superiores en el grupo B (p<0,05). Discusión. El número de trasplantes necesarios para el aprendizaje de la técnica es elevado. Sin embargo, la supervivencia es aceptable al reducir el tiempo empleado en las anastomosis vasculares. El TID en ratas constituye un modelo muy valioso para la formación del cirujano y para la investigación de los fenómenos relacionados con el TID (AU)


Purpose. Our objective is to analyze the variables that influence the outcome of Small Bowel Transplantation (SBT) in rats in an experimental microsurgery program. The surgical technique and perioperative care are described in detail. Methods. Retrospective study of the SBT in rats conducted in our experimental surgery laboratory from 2002 to 2010. The animals were divided into group A (those who survived more than 48 hours) and group B (those who died earlier without justificable cause). We compared in both groups: number of transplants performed by the surgeon, warm ischemia time, cold ischemia time and duration of the procedure. Results. Five surgeons with different degrees of microsurgical training participated in the study. A total of 521 SBT were performed with an overall survival of 48%. The first successful transplant was performed after a median of 46 (25-68) transplants. Total procedure time (3.5 vs 2.9 hours) and warm ischemia time (51 vs 35 minutes) were higher in group B (p<0.05).Discussion. The number of transplants required for learning the technique is high. However, survival is acceptable when the time needed for vascular anastomosis is reduced. The SBT in rats is a valuable model for surgical training and research of the phenomena related to SBT (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Intestines/transplantation , /methods , Organ Transplantation/education , Retrospective Studies , Models, Animal , Anastomosis, Surgical/education
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