ABSTRACT
Las investigaciones sobre obesidad se centran fundamentalmente en buscar estrategias de prevención y tratamientos encaminados a los cambios de hábitos de estilos de vida. Sin embargo, con nuevas investigaciones, empieza a asumirse que el comportamiento alimentario es una conducta regulada no solo por mecanismos homeostáticos, sino que también es necesario valorar la vía hedónica que regula los procesos de apetito y saciedad. Los factores cognitivos, emocionales, sociales, económicos y culturales y las propiedades organolépticas de los alimentos son aspectos básicos a valorar para comprender la conducta alimentaria y su impacto sobre la salud. Esta revisión realiza una integración multisensorial en referencia a la percepción de los alimentos, tanto a nivel homeostático como no homeostático, y de esta manera poder interpretar científicamente las conductas que conducen a una sobrealimentación y a proponer medidas eficaces tanto a nivel individual como poblacional en la obesidad y enfermedades metabólicas asociadas (AU)
Research in obesity has traditionally focused on prevention strategies and treatments aimed at changing lifestyle habits. However, recent research suggests that eating behavior is a habit regulated not only by homeostatic mechanisms, but also by the hedonic pathway that controls appetite and satiety processes. Cognitive, emotional, social, economic, and cultural factors, as well as organoleptic properties of food, are basic aspects to consider in order to understand eating behavior and its impact on health. This review presents a multisensory integrative view of food at both the homeostatic and non-homeostatic levels. This information will be of scientific interest to determine behavior drivers leading to overeating and, thus, to propose effective measures, at both the individual and population levels, for the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic diseases (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Feeding Behavior , Life Style , Metabolic Diseases/diet therapy , Eating , Hyperphagia/metabolism , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Appetite Regulation , Eye Health , Smell , Touch , EarABSTRACT
Research in obesity has traditionally focused on prevention strategies and treatments aimed at changing lifestyle habits. However, recent research suggests that eating behavior is a habit regulated not only by homeostatic mechanisms, but also by the hedonic pathway that controls appetite and satiety processes. Cognitive, emotional, social, economic, and cultural factors, as well as organoleptic properties of food, are basic aspects to consider in order to understand eating behavior and its impact on health. This review presents a multisensory integrative view of food at both the homeostatic and non-homeostatic levels. This information will be of scientific interest to determine behavior drivers leading to overeating and, thus, to propose effective measures, at both the individual and population levels, for the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
Subject(s)
Feeding Behavior/physiology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Pleasure , Appetite , Hearing , Homeostasis , Humans , Hunger , Satiety Response , Smell , Taste , Touch , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
Las medidas de composición corporal son herramientas normalmenteempleadas para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la obesidad.En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las diferencias entre el índice demasa corporal (IMC), contenido de grasa medido por pliegues cutáneos(PT), impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) y absorciometría dual derayos-X (DEXA), como métodos de medida de composición corporalen mujeres adultas (n = 91). Aunque la estimación de grasa corporalentre los métodos fue diferente, la correlación entre las medidasde composición corporal fue positiva (IMC-BIA, DEXA, PT: 0,902,0,780, 0,722, respectivamente; BIA-DEXA, PT: 0,794 y 0,674 respectivamente;DEXA-PT: 0,787, todas las correlaciones p < 0,001) yestadísticamente significativa. En cuanto a la concordancia entremétodos para clasificar individuos en normopeso o sobrepeso, fueen general baja, excepto en el caso del índice de masa corporal conla bioimpedancia, que fue buena, y el índice de masa corporalcon la medida del pliegue tricipital, que fue aceptable. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio apuntan a que la medida delcontenido de grasa puede ser diferente en función del método deestimación empleado, pero la buena correlación entre ellos permitecomparar la evolución del contenido de grasa durante una intervencióndietética, siempre y cuando se tome como referencia el mismoaparato para un mismo individuo(AU)
Comparative study of body composition measures by dualX-ray absortiometry, bioimpedance and skinfolds in womenBody composition assessments are important importantmeasurements for the diagnosis and monitoring of obesity. Thepresent study compared the body mass index (IMC) with body fatcontent estimated by skinfold (PT), bioelectric impedance (BIA) anddual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in adult women (n = 91).Although body fat estimations between methods differed, correlationbetween the various body composition methods was positive andstatistically significant (IMC-BIA, DEXA, PT: 0.902, 0.780, 0.722,respectively; BIA-DEXA, PT: 0.794 y 0.674 respectively; DEXA-PT:0.787, all correlations p < 0.001). In relation to concordance indexesbetween measurements to classify individuals in normo- oroverweight, it was globally low, with the exception of theconcordance between body mass index with bioimpedance, whichwas good, and body mass index with triceps skinfold, which wasacceptable. In conclusion, the outcomes obtained in the present studysuggest that body fat content estimation can be very differentdepending on the method employed but the good correlation existingbetween methods permits to compare body fat content evolutionduring a dietary intervention, if the analysis is always performed bythe same method in the same individual(AU)
