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1.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) ; 72(2): 216-224, 2020 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31529686

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and analyze any cancer-associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), differentiating between hormone-sensitive (HS) and non-HS cancers. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter study of a patient cohort from the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Registry of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. Included were the first cancer post-SLE diagnosis, clinical and sociodemographic information, cumulative damage, severity, comorbidities, treatments, and refractoriness. Cancers were classified as HS (prostate, breast, endometrium, and ovarian) and non-HS (the remainder). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated and logistic regression models were built. RESULTS: A total of 3,539 patients (90.4% women) were included, 154 of whom had cancer (91% female), and 44 had HS cancer (100% female). The cancer SIR was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.15-1.59), with higher values in women age <65 years (SIR 2.38 [95% CI 1.84-2.91]). The SIR in women with HS versus non-HS cancer was 1.02 (95% CI 0.13-1.91) and 1.93 (95% CI 0.98-2.89). In HS versus non-HS cancers, SLE diagnostic age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 [P = 0.002] versus 1.04 [P = 0.019]), and period of disease evolution (OR 1.01 [P < 0.001] versus 1.00 [P = 0.029]) were associated with cancer. The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (OR 1.27 [P = 0.022]) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescriptions (OR 2.87 [P = 0.048]) were associated with non-HS cancers. CONCLUSION: Cancer incidence in patients with SLE was higher than in the Spanish population, particularly among young women. This increase might be due to non-HS cancers, which would be associated with SLE involving greater cumulative damage where more ACE inhibitors are prescribed.


Subject(s)
Hormones/blood , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Neoplasms/blood , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Young Adult
2.
Clin Exp Rheumatol ; 35(6): 1047-1055, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28628467

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) features and to establish its differences compared to adult-onset SLE (aSLE) from a large national database. METHODS: Data from patients (≥4 ACR criteria) included in Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry (RELESSER) were analysed. Sociodemographic, clinical, serological, activity, treatment, cumulative damage, comorbidities and severity data were collected. Patients with disease onset <18 years were described and compared to those with disease onset ≥18 years. RESULTS: We reviewed 3,428 aSLE patients (89.6% women) and 484 jSLE patients (89.8% girls), 93% Caucasian (both groups). Mean age at diagnosis was 38.1±14 and 16.6±6.3 years (p<0.001) and mean age at the end of follow-up was 48.8±14.3 and 31.5±30 years (p<0.001), respectively. jSLE showed significantly more clinical (including lymphadenopathy, fever, malar rash, mucosal ulcers, pericarditis, pleuritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, lupus nephritis, recurrent nephritis, histologic nephritis changes, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, seizures, lupus headache and organic brain syndrome) and immunological (a-dsDNA and a-Sm antibodies, hypocomplementaemia) involvement than did aSLE, except for secondary Sjögren's syndrome, a-Ro antibodies, fibromyalgia and osteoporosis. jSLE also showed more SLE family history, longer diagnosis delay, higher SLEDAI and Katz scores, but lower Charlson scores than aSLE. Several specific domains were more frequently involved in SLICC/ACR DI in jSLE. jSLE patients more frequently underwent all SLE-related treatment and procedures, as well as dialysis and kidney transplantations. CONCLUSIONS: jSLE shares many clinical and serological features with aSLE. However, jSLE patients typically manifested more activity, severity, cumulative damage in certain areas, than their aSLE counterparts.


Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Registries , Severity of Illness Index , Young Adult
3.
Semin Arthritis Rheum ; 47(1): 38-45, 2017 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28259425

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of severe infection and investigate the associated factors and clinical impact in a large systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) retrospective cohort. METHODS: All patients in the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) who meet ≥4 ACR-97 SLE criteria were retrospectively investigated for severe infections. Patients with and without infections were compared in terms of SLE severity, damage, comorbidities, and demographic characteristics. A multivariable Cox regression model was built to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the first infection. RESULTS: A total of 3658 SLE patients were included: 90% female, median age 32.9 years (DQ 9.7), and mean follow-up (months) 120.2 (±87.6). A total of 705 (19.3%) patients suffered ≥1 severe infection. Total severe infections recorded in these patients numbered 1227. The incidence rate was 29.2 (95% CI: 27.6-30.9) infections per 1000 patient years. Time from first infection to second infection was significantly shorter than time from diagnosis to first infection (p < 0.000). Although respiratory infections were the most common (35.5%), bloodstream infections were the most frequent cause of mortality by infection (42.0%). In the Cox regression analysis, the following were all associated with infection: age at diagnosis (HR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.009-1.023), Latin-American (Amerindian-Mestizo) ethnicity (HR = 2.151, 95% CI: 1.539-3.005), corticosteroids (≥10mg/day) (HR = 1.271, 95% CI: 1.034-1.561), immunosuppressors (HR = 1.348, 95% CI: 1.079-1.684), hospitalization by SLE (HR = 2.567, 95% CI: 1.905-3.459), Katz severity index (HR = 1.160, 95% CI: 1.105-1.217), SLICC/ACR damage index (HR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.031-1.108), and smoking (HR = 1.332, 95% CI: 1.121-1.583). Duration of antimalarial use (months) proved protective (HR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.997-0.999). CONCLUSIONS: Severe infection constitutes a predictor of poor prognosis in SLE patients, is more common in Latin-Americans and is associated with age, previous infection, and smoking. Antimalarials exerted a protective effect.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Infections/epidemiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Incidence , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Male , Mycophenolic Acid , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Rheumatology (Oxford) ; 55(7): 1243-50, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27018057

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify patterns (clusters) of damage manifestations within a large cohort of SLE patients and evaluate the potential association of these clusters with a higher risk of mortality. METHODS: This is a multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study of a cohort of 3656 SLE patients from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry. Organ damage was ascertained using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index. Using cluster analysis, groups of patients with similar patterns of damage manifestations were identified. Then, overall clusters were compared as well as the subgroup of patients within every cluster with disease duration shorter than 5 years. RESULTS: Three damage clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (80.6% of patients) presented a lower amount of individuals with damage (23.2 vs 100% in clusters 2 and 3, P < 0.001). Cluster 2 (11.4% of patients) was characterized by musculoskeletal damage in all patients. Cluster 3 (8.0% of patients) was the only group with cardiovascular damage, and this was present in all patients. The overall mortality rate of patients in clusters 2 and 3 was higher than that in cluster 1 (P < 0.001 for both comparisons) and in patients with disease duration shorter than 5 years as well. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of SLE patients, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal damage manifestations were the two dominant forms of damage to sort patients into clinically meaningful clusters. Both in early and late stages of the disease, there was a significant association of these clusters with an increased risk of mortality. Physicians should pay special attention to the early prevention of damage in these two systems.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/mortality , Musculoskeletal Diseases/mortality , Severity of Illness Index , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Musculoskeletal Diseases/etiology , Registries , Spain , Time Factors
5.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 12(1): 34-38, ene.-feb. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-149357

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar el cumplimiento de las directrices t2t en la práctica clínica. Métodos. Estudio observacional transversal en pacientes consecutivos con artritis reumatoide (AR) de 5 hospitales canarios. Los pacientes cumplimentaron escalas de actividad, el HAQ y respondieron si el médico les había explicado el objetivo del tratamiento. El médico recogió además: visitas en el último año, empleo de índices y HAQ, DAS28 de la visita actual y fecha de la siguiente consulta. Se analizó el porcentaje de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones t2t (R) 1, 3, 5-7 y 10. Resultados. Se reclutó a 343 pacientes, 77% mujeres, con edad promedio de 57 años y duración de la AR de 10 años. La mediana de visitas en el último año fue de 3 y el promedio de meses entre la visita anterior y la actual de 5,6. El 93% estaba en tratamiento con FAME y el 44% en remisión por DAS (R1). Se había realizado recuento articular en la visita previa al 85%, HAQ al 19%, EVA actividad del paciente al 41% y DAS28 al 35% (R6). La siguiente visita se programó en un promedio entre uno y 3 meses (R5) al 64% de los pacientes con DAS28>3,2. El 96% de los pacientes dijo haber sido informado del objetivo del tratamiento (R10). La variabilidad entre centros era moderada, pero existía. El único factor que determinaba la realización de un DAS28 en la última consulta era el centro de procedencia del paciente. Conclusiones. Los centros canarios estudiados logran altas cotas de remisión y baja actividad en sus pacientes; la realización de índices compuestos y la frecuencia de seguimiento recomendado por el t2t se cumplen, aunque hay oportunidad de mejora (AU)


Objective. To analyze compliance with t2t clinical practice guidelines. Methods. Cross-sectional observational study in consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 5 hospitals in the Canary Islands. Patients filled out activity scales, HAQ and answered the question of whether the doctor had explained the treatment target. The rheumatologist also collected: visits in the past year, use of activity indices and HAQ, DAS28 of current visit and date of the next visit. The percentage of compliance to indicators based on the t2t recommendations (R) 1, 3, 5-7 and 10 was analyzed. Results. A total of 343 patients were recruited, 77% female, mean age 57, RA duration of 10 years. Median visits in the last year were 3 and mean time between last and current visit was 5.6 months. A total of 93% of the patients were treated with DMARDs and 44% were in remission by DAS (R1). In the previous visit, documented joint count was present in 85%, a HAQ in 19%, patient VAS in 41%, and a DAS28 in 35% of the patients (R6). The next visit was scheduled at an average of 4.3 months (R5). In 64% of patients with DAS28> 3.2 a visit between one and 3 months was scheduled (R5). A total of 96% of patients said they had been informed of the treatment target (R10). Variability between centers existed but was moderate. The only factor determining the performance of a DAS28 in the last visit was the patient's center of origin. Conclusions. The Canary Island centers studied achieved high levels of remission and low activity in their patients. The performance of composite indices and follow-up frequency recommended by the t2t are met, although there is room for improvement (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology , Clinical Medicine/education , Observational Study , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Clinical Medicine/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Reumatol Clin ; 12(1): 34-8, 2016.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25869900

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze compliance with t2t clinical practice guidelines. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study in consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 5 hospitals in the Canary Islands. Patients filled out activity scales, HAQ and answered the question of whether the doctor had explained the treatment target. The rheumatologist also collected: visits in the past year, use of activity indices and HAQ, DAS28 of current visit and date of the next visit. The percentage of compliance to indicators based on the t2t recommendations (R) 1, 3, 5-7 and 10 was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 343 patients were recruited, 77% female, mean age 57, RA duration of 10 years. Median visits in the last year were 3 and mean time between last and current visit was 5.6 months. A total of 93% of the patients were treated with DMARDs and 44% were in remission by DAS (R1). In the previous visit, documented joint count was present in 85%, a HAQ in 19%, patient VAS in 41%, and a DAS28 in 35% of the patients (R6). The next visit was scheduled at an average of 4.3 months (R5). In 64% of patients with DAS28> 3.2 a visit between one and 3 months was scheduled (R5). A total of 96% of patients said they had been informed of the treatment target (R10). Variability between centers existed but was moderate. The only factor determining the performance of a DAS28 in the last visit was the patient's center of origin. CONCLUSIONS: The Canary Island centers studied achieved high levels of remission and low activity in their patients. The performance of composite indices and follow-up frequency recommended by the t2t are met, although there is room for improvement.


Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aftercare/methods , Aftercare/standards , Aftercare/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Monitoring/standards , Drug Monitoring/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Induction Chemotherapy , Male , Middle Aged , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Severity of Illness Index , Spain , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rheumatol Int ; 35(11): 1851-5, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26238094

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to analyse the patterns of treatment adjustment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with active disease in routine clinical care. This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with RA conducted in five hospitals. Activity scales (DAS28-ESR) and function (HAQ) were measured, as well as whether ultrasound was performed as part of the assessment. Treatment decision (no changes/reduction/intensification) and time to the next scheduled visit were the outcomes variables. Associated factors were analysed by multilevel regression models. A total of 343 patients were included (77 % women, mean age 57 years, mean RA duration 10 years), of whom 44 % were in remission by DAS28. Treatment was continued in 202 (59 %) patients, reduced in 57 (16 %), and intensified in 83 (24 %). In the 117 patients with active RA (DAS28 ≥ 3.2), treatment was intensified in 61 (52 %). Factors associated with treatment intensification were physician and patient VAS, and DAS28, but not the centre. In the multilevel regression analysis with intensification of treatment as dependent variable, the following factors were significantly associated: DAS28 [OR 3.67 (95 % CI 2.43-5.52)], patient VAS [OR 1.04 (95 % CI 1.01-1.08)], and have performed an ultrasound [OR 3.36 (95 % CI 1.47-7.68)]. Factors associated with time to the next scheduled visit (an average of 4.3 months) were patient and physician VAS, DAS28, and centre. In clinical practice, half of the patients with active RA maintain or reduce the treatment. The decision to intensify treatment in active RA as recommended by a treat-to-target strategy is complex in practice.


Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends , Adult , Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Utilization Review , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Office Visits/trends , Remission Induction , Severity of Illness Index , Spain , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
8.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 94(1): e267, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25569641

ABSTRACT

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement and pronounced racial and ethnic heterogeneity. The aims of the present work were (1) to describe the cumulative clinical characteristics of those patients included in the Spanish Rheumatology Society SLE Registry (RELESSER), focusing on the differences between patients who fulfilled the 1997 ACR-SLE criteria versus those with less than 4 criteria (hereafter designated as incomplete SLE (iSLE)) and (2) to compare SLE patient characteristics with those documented in other multicentric SLE registries.RELESSER is a multicenter hospital-based registry, with a collection of data from a large, representative sample of adult patients with SLE (1997 ACR criteria) seen at Spanish rheumatology departments. The registry includes demographic data, comprehensive descriptions of clinical manifestations, as well as information about disease activity and severity, cumulative damage, comorbidities, treatments and mortality, using variables with highly standardized definitions.A total of 4.024 SLE patients (91% with ≥4 ACR criteria) were included. Ninety percent were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 35.4 years and a median duration of disease of 11.0 years. As expected, most SLE manifestations were more frequent in SLE patients than in iSLE ones and every one of the ACR criteria was also associated with SLE condition; this was particularly true of malar rash, oral ulcers and renal disorder. The analysis-adjusted by gender, age at diagnosis, and disease duration-revealed that higher disease activity, damage and SLE severity index are associated with SLE [OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20 (P < 0.001); 1.29; 95% CI: 1.15-1.44 (P < 0.001); and 2.10; 95% CI: 1.83-2.42 (P < 0.001), respectively]. These results support the hypothesis that iSLE behaves as a relative stable and mild disease. SLE patients from the RELESSER register do not appear to differ substantially from other Caucasian populations and although activity [median SELENA-SLEDA: 2 (IQ: 0-4)], damage [median SLICC/ACR/DI: 1 (IQ: 0-2)], and severity [median KATZ index: 2 (IQ: 1-3)] scores were low, 1 of every 4 deaths was due to SLE activity.RELESSER represents the largest European SLE registry established to date, providing comprehensive, reliable and updated information on SLE in the southern European population.


Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Registries , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Spain/epidemiology
9.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 8(3): 143-144, mayo-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-100163

ABSTRACT

La fiebre constituye un reto diagnóstico en el paciente lúpico. Algunas infecciones pueden imitar un brote de la enfermedad, lo que complica aún más la orientación diagnóstica. Por otra parte, el tratamiento inmunodepresor del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) puede favorecer la aparición de infecciones y su mala evolución. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con LES en tratamiento con antipalúdicos y dosis bajas de esteroides, cuyo diagnóstico inicial fue de brote lúpico y que resultó tener fiebre Q, presentando una respuesta excelente al tratamiento con doxiciclina (AU)


Fever is a diagnostic challenge in the patient with lupus. Infections can mimic a lupus flare which further complicates the diagnostic approach. Moreover, immunosuppressive treatment of SLE may promote the development of infections and poor outcome. We report the case of a patient with SLE with an initial diagnosis of lupus flare, who was found to have Q fever showing an excellent response to treatment with doxycycline (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Q Fever/complications , Q Fever/diagnosis , Q Fever/drug therapy , Infections/complications , Infections/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Q Fever/metabolism , Q Fever/physiopathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology , Radiography, Thoracic
10.
Reumatol Clin ; 8(3): 143-4, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22137637

ABSTRACT

Fever is a diagnostic challenge in the patient with lupus. Infections can mimic a lupus flare which further complicates the diagnostic approach. Moreover, immunosuppressive treatment of SLE may promote the development of infections and poor outcome. We report the case of a patient with SLE with an initial diagnosis of lupus flare, who was found to have Q fever showing an excellent response to treatment with doxycycline.


Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Q Fever/diagnosis , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Q Fever/complications
11.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 7(6): 401-403, nov.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-91560

ABSTRACT

Adalimumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal recombinante humano que bloquea el efecto del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa. Actualmente se emplea como tratamiento para la artritis reumatoide, siendo la desmielinización un potencial efecto adverso. Nuestro caso trata de un varón de 31 años con artritis reumatoide seropositiva que presentó un cuadro diarreico después de la segunda dosis de adalimumab. Tras tratamiento con ciprofloxacino el paciente desarrolló un síndrome de Guillain-Barrè confirmado por electromiografía. El estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo sugirió un síndrome meníngeo o una posible meningitis bacteriana decapitada. El tratamiento con adalimumab puede asociarse con el desarrollo de enfermedades desmielinizantes e infecciosas y afectar simultáneamente al sistema nervioso central y al periférico (AU)


Adalimumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that blocks the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and is presently used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, with demyelination being a potential adverse effect. A 31 year-old male with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis presented with diarrhea after the second injection of adalimumab. He was treated with ciprofloxacin. In a few days he developed a Guillain-Barrè syndrome confirmed by electromyography, and his cerebrospinal fluid was compatible with meningeal syndrome or partially treated bacterial meningitis. Adalimumab may be associated with the development of demyelination and infectious diseases. Moreover, both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system can be affected (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/administration & dosage , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/physiopathology , Demyelinating Diseases/complications , Demyelinating Diseases/therapy , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Immunosuppression Therapy/trends , Immunosuppression Therapy
12.
Reumatol Clin ; 7(6): 401-3, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22078700

ABSTRACT

Adalimumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that blocks the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and is presently used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, with demyelination being a potential adverse effect. A 31 year-old male with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis presented with diarrhea after the second injection of adalimumab. He was treated with ciprofloxacin. In a few days he developed a Guillain-Barrè syndrome confirmed by electromyography, and his cerebrospinal fluid was compatible with meningeal syndrome or partially treated bacterial meningitis. Adalimumab may be associated with the development of demyelination and infectious diseases. Moreover, both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system can be affected.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/chemically induced , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Meningitis, Bacterial/complications , Adalimumab , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Gastroenteritis/chemically induced , Gastroenteritis/complications , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Male , Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis
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