Comparación del tipo de cirugía bariátrica sobre la reducción de peso corporal y su relación con la ghrelina / Comparison between type of bariatric surgery on reduction of body weight and its ghrelin relationship

Resumen Objetivo: La cirugía bariátrica es un procedimiento para disminuir de peso a largo plazo en pacientes con obesidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de ghrelina y la reducción del peso de acuerdo al tipo de cirugía bariátrica, comparando el bypass de una sola anastomosis y la gastrectomía formadora de manga. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte que incluyó a 50 pacientes con obesidad, 22 mini-bypass y 28 mangas gástricas. Se evaluó el peso corporal y las concentraciones de ghrelina en la etapa prequirúrgica, en el día 7 y en los meses 1, 3 y 6 después de la cirugía. Resultados: Del total de pacientes, el 86% presentaron > 50% pérdida del exceso de peso (PEPP) a los 6 meses. La concentración de ghrelina disminuyó desde la primera semana en el grupo total de participantes. A los 6 meses, se observó mayor reducción de ghrelina en los pacientes con la manga gástrica (4.636 ± 2.535 vs 1.340 ± 1.001 pg/mL, p < 0,0001). El PEPP en pacientes con mini-bypass fue superior, en comparación con manga gástrica. Conclusiones: La comparación entre las técnicas indicó que, a los 6 meses de evolución posquirúrgica, los pacientes con mini-bypass presentaron mayor reducción de peso corporal y del nivel de ghrelina, en comparación con el grupo de manga gástrica. La concentración de ghrelina es una variable que participa en el control de peso; sin embargo, el tipo de abordaje quirúrgico probablemente tiene mayor relación con la pérdida de peso en estos pacientes.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is a procedure to reduce weight in the long term in patients with obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate ghrelin levels and weight reduction according to the type of bariatric surgery, comparing the single anastomosis bypass and the sleeve-forming gastrectomy. Materials and Method: Cohort study that included 50 patients with obesity, 22 Mini-Bypass and 28 gastric sleeve. Body weight and ghrelin concentrations were evaluated in the presurgical stage, on day 7 and in months 1, 3 and 6 after surgery. Results: Of the total of patients, 86% had > 50% excess weight loss (PEPP) at 6 months. The concentration of ghrelin decreased within the first week of the intervention. At 6 months, greater reduction of ghrelin was observed in patients with gastric sleeve (4636 ± 2535 vs 1340 ± 1001 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). The PEPP in patients with Mini-Bypass was superior, compared to gastric sleeve. Conclusion: The comparison between the techniques indicated that, after 6 months of post-surgical evolution, patients with Mini-Bypass had a greater reduction in body weight and ghrelin levels, compared to the gastric sleeve group. Ghrelin concentration is a variable that participates in weight control; however, the type of surgical approach is probably more related to weight loss in these patients.

[Corrigendum] Death receptor 5 expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression.

During the preparation of the figures in the above article, the authors inadvertently duplicated in Fig. 1B, a and b (high and low magnification images) the images that had already appeared as Figs. 5A, a and c (high and low magnification images), respectively, of the following paper: Huerta-Yepez S, Baritaki S, Baay-Guzman G, Hernandez-Luna MA, Hernandez-Cueto A, Vega MI and Bonavida B: Contribution of either YY1 or BclXL-induced inhibition by the NO-donor DETANONOate in the reversal of drug resistance, both in vitro and in vivo. Nitric Oxide 29: 17-24, 2013. The revised version of Fig. 1 containing the corrected data for Fig. 1B, a and b (high and low magnification images; the YY1 data) is shown opposite protein expression. All those authors whom the corresponding author was able to contact have agreed to this Corrigendum. The authors regret this error, and apologize for any confusion that it may have caused. [the original article was published in the Molecular Medicine Reports 10: 2279-2286, 2014; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2504 ].

Death receptor 5 expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression.

Prostate carcinoma (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used to predict the outcome of PCa and screening with PSA has resulted in a decline in mortality. However, PSA is not an optimal prognostic tool as its sensitivity may be too low to reduce morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is a demand for additional robust biomarkers for prostate cancer. Death receptor 5 (DR5) has been implicated in the prognosis of several cancers and it has been previously shown that it is negatively regulated by Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in prostate cancer cell lines. The present study investigated the clinical significance of DR5 expression in a prostate cancer patient cohort and its correlation with YY1 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression distribution was performed using tissue microarray constructs from 54 primary PCa and 39 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) specimens. DR5 expression was dramatically reduced as a function of higher tumor grade. By contrast, YY1 expression was elevated in PCa tumors as compared with that in PIN, and was increased with higher tumor grade. DR5 had an inverse correlation with YY1 expression. Bioinformatic analyses corroborated these data. The present findings suggested that DR5 and YY1 expression levels may serve as progression biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Contribution of either YY1 or BclXL-induced inhibition by the NO-donor DETANONOate in the reversal of drug resistance, both in vitro and in vivo. YY1 and BclXL are overexpressed in prostate cancer.

Nitric oxide (NO) donors have been shown to activate or inhibit constitutively-activated survival/anti-apoptotic pathways, such as NF-κB, in cancer cells. We report here that treatment of drug-resistant human prostate carcinoma cell lines with high levels (500-1000 µM) of the NO-donor DETANONOate sensitized the resistant tumor cells to apoptosis by CDDP and the combination was synergistic. We hypothesized that DETANONOate inhibits previously identified NF-κB-regulated resistant factors such as Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and Bcl-2/BclXL. Lysates from tumor cells treated with DETANONOate showed inhibition of YY1 and BclXL expressions. Transfection with either YY1 or BclXL siRNA resulted in the inhibition of both YY1 and BclXL expressions and sensitized the cells to CDDP apoptosis. Mice bearing PC-3 tumor xenografts and treated with the combination of DETANONOate and CDDP resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth; treatment with single agent alone did not have any effect on tumor growth. Analysis of patients TMA tissues with prostatic cancer revealed higher expression of both YY1 and BclXL as a function of tumor grades and their levels were directly correlated. Thus, both YY1 and BclXL are potential prognostic biomarkers. Overall, the above findings suggest that one mechanism of DETANONOate-induced sensitization of resistant tumor cells to CDDP correlated with the inhibition of NF-κB and its targets YY1 and BclXL. The examination of the combination of NO donors and cytotoxic therapy in the treatment of resistant prostate cancer may be warranted.

Expression of phosphorylated raf kinase inhibitor protein (pRKIP) is a predictor of lung cancer survival.

BACKGROUND: Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been reported to negatively regulate signal kinases of major survival pathways. RKIP activity is modulated in part by phosphorylation on Serine 153 by protein kinase C, which leads to dissociation of RKIP from Raf-1. RKIP expression is low in many human cancers and represents an indicator of poor prognosis and/or induction of metastasis. The prognostic power has typically been based on total RKIP expression and has not considered the significance of phospho-RKIP. METHODS: The present study examined the expression levels of both RKIP and phospho-RKIP in human lung cancer tissue microarray proteomics technology. RESULTS: Total RKIP and phospho-RKIP expression levels were similar in normal and cancerous tissues. phospho-RKIP levels slightly decreased in metastatic lesions. However, the expression levels of phospho-RKIP, in contrast to total RKIP, displayed significant predictive power for outcome with normal expression of phospho-RKIP predicting a more favorable survival compared to lower levels (P = 0.0118); this was even more pronounced in more senior individuals and in those with early stage lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This study examines for the first time, the expression profile of RKIP and phospho-RKIP in lung cancer. Significantly, we found that phospho-RKIP was a predictive indicator of survival.

Medium-sized arterial vasculitis associated with vascular deposits of immunoglobin E. Favorable response to intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide.

Herein we describe the case of a female patient with medium-sized arterial vasculitis associated with high serum immunoglobin E (lgE) levels in the absence of eosinophilia. During occlusive vascular events, IgE deposits in the arterial muscle layer were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, suggesting a pathogenic role of this antibody in blood vessel inflammation. Combined treatment with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide was successful in reducing serum IgE levels and IgE tissue deposits and in inducing the clinical manifestations of vasculitis into remission. This primary medium-sized IgE-associated vasculitis may constitute a new syndrome not previously reported.

Inyección intraocular accidental de corticoesteroides. Presentación de un caso / Accidental intraocular injection of corticosteroids. Case Report

Los corticoesteroides son comúnmente utilizados en el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias oculares, ya que su concentración a nivel del segmento posterior del ojo es adecuada y se evitan los efectos colaterales de la administración sistémica. Sin embargo la técnica no es inocua y pueden presentarse complicaciones, como perforación del globo ocular con la subsecuente administración del medicamento en la cavidad vítrea o espacio subretiniano. En este artículo, los autores presentan el caso de un paciente en que ocurrió accidentalmente perforación ocular, su diagnóstico, evolución y manejo.

Toxicidad del perfluoro N-octano no purificado en ojos de conejo / Non-purified perfluoro N-octane toxicity in rabbit eyes

El Perfluoro-N-Octano(PFO) ha sido utilizado en ojos de pacientes humanos sin aparentes daños tóxicos a la retina. El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la toxicidad del PFO de uso no médico conocido como no purificado. A 14 conejos pigmentados se les realizó vitrectomía vía pars ciliaris en un ojo. La cavidad vítrea fue inyectada con PFO no purificado en 12 ojos y con solución salina balanceada se dejó a 2 ojos. En el grupo I permaneció en la cavidad vítrea el PFO durante 2 hrs después de la vitrectomía. En el grupo II durante 4 hrs y el grupo III con solución salina balanceada. A todos los conejos se les realizaron electrorretinogramas preoperatorios los cuales se repitieron a los 20, 40 y 60 días después de la cirugía. Todos los ojos fueron enucleados 60 días después de la inyección de PFO para examen histopatológico. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: El electrorretinograma mostró que todos los ojos con PFO tuvieron una disminución de la onda b en condiciones fotópicas y escotópicas; cambios que desaparecieron a los 20, 40 o 60 días después de la cirugía. El examen histopatológico mostró que los ojos tuvieron cambios en la capa plexiforme externa consistentes en adelgazamiento e interrupción en su continuidad, conos y bastones y demás estructuras sin alteraciones. Concluimos que el Perfluoro-N-Octano no purificado en ojos de conejo produce cambios reversibles en el electrorretinograma y alteraciones menores en la capa plexiforme externa sin alteración aparente de los fotorreceptores.

Amiloidosis de la glándula lagrimal. Reporte de un caso / Lacrimal gland amyloidosis. Case report

La amiloidosis representa un espectro de alteraciones que afecta a órganos y sistemas; la fisiopatología involucra una vía metabólica común que resulta en un depósito de proteínas en los tejidos o en múltiple órganos y sistemas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente femenino con una masa blanda en reborde orbitario superior izquierdo, bien delimitada, móvil, con diagnóstico clínico de dacrioadenitis. Se inició tratamiento con prednisolona y sulfas en gotas y ungüento, además de antibiótico por vía oral, sin mostrar cambios en la evolución clínica. Se realizó estudio de ultrasonido ocular y orbitario AO con un equipo Biovisión B-scan-S, observando la presencia de una masa sólida, bien definida, localizada a la glándula lagrimal y con extensión a la porción superior de órbita izquierda. El modo A estandarizado reveló una estructura interna regular y alta reflectividad. El estudio histopatológico reportó una tinción positiva al Rojo Congo y birrefringencia a la luz polarizada con diagnóstico de amiloidosis de la glándula lagrimal. Aunque la amiloidosis de la glándula lagrimal es rara, el estudio de ultrasonido es un método útil en el diagnóstico, aun sin signos clínicos de amiloidosis