Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 3 de 3
Filter
1.
Dig Dis ; 38(3): 240-250, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31578013

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the main causes of reentry to the emergency department. Oxidative stress (OxS) regulated by ammonia leads to cerebral edema and astrocytes senescence in animal models, but seems to be different in humans. OBJECTIVE: To analyze if OxS and ammonia in plasma are related to each other in the different grades of HE-CLD and to compare them with healthy volunteers (HV). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we included 60 subjects in 2 groups: (a) 30 HV and (b) 30 HE patients. Plasma levels of oxidation lipids/proteins, ammonia, and West-Haven score were evaluated. Student t test, Spearman's correlation, and ANOVA with Dunn's post hoc test were performed. RESULTS: Ammonia in HV and HE patients was 39-49 vs. 95-345 µmol/L, respectively (p < 0.0001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) in HV was 6.58 ± 3.11 compared to 16.69 ± 6.19 µmol/L in HE (p < 0.0001). Protein oxidation by osazone (carbonyls), formazan, and dityrosines was higher in HE than in HV (p < 0.0001). Ammonia level was directly associated to HE severity, but without correlation with lipid MDA or protein OxS formazan, carbonyls, and dityrosines. Lipid peroxidation showed higher levels at degree 2 and protein oxidation at degree 3 of HE. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that OxS accompanies hyperammonemia in HE; however they contribute in different proportions to their natural progression. Early reduction of OxS in HE could contribute to minimize the neurotoxicity into CLD.


Subject(s)
Ammonia/metabolism , Hepatic Encephalopathy/metabolism , Hepatic Encephalopathy/pathology , Oxidative Stress , Adult , Aged , Ammonia/blood , Animals , Biomarkers/blood , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Hepatic Encephalopathy/blood , Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology , Humans , Lipids/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , Malondialdehyde/blood , Middle Aged , Oxidation-Reduction , Proteins/metabolism
2.
Iatreia ; 27(2): 135-146, Apr.-June 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-712464

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar la expresión y la función de receptores de reconocimiento de patrones como los de tipo Toll y los de tipo NOD, RIG-I/MDA5, la dectina-1 y moléculas adaptadoras, en neutrófilos humanos. Métodos: a partir de sangre periférica de individuos sanos se purificaron y cultivaron neutrófilos en el medio RMPI-1640, en presencia o ausencia de los agonistas específicos de los receptores de interés. La expresión de los receptores de reconocimiento de patrones se determinó por RT-PCR y la secreción de citocinas proinflamatorias, por ELISA. Resultados: los neutrófilos expresan un amplio espectro de receptores de reconocimiento de patrones y de moléculas adaptadoras. La estimulación de TLR4, TLR5, TLR7/8 induce la secreción de IL-1β e IL-6; la activación de la dectina-1 induce una alta producción de TNF-α, pero bajos niveles de IL-1β e IL-6. Conclusión: los neutrófilos expresan un amplio número de receptores de reconocimiento de patrones y su activación lleva a la expresión de diferentes citocinas proinflamatorias.


Objective: To evaluate the expression and function of pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors, RIG-I/MDA5, NOD-like receptors, Dectin-1 and adaptor proteins, in human neutrophils. Methods: Neutrophils from peripheral blood of healthy individuals were purified and cultured in RPMI-1640, in the presence or absence of specific agonists of the receptor of interest. The expression of pattern recognition receptors was determined by RT-PCR and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, by ELISA. Results: We observed that neutrophils express diverse patterns recognition receptors and adaptor molecules. Stimulation of TLR4, TLR5 and TLR7/8 induces the production of IL-1β and IL-6, and activation of Dectin-1 leads to secretion of high levels of TNF-α, but low levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusion: Neutrophils express a large number of pattern recognition receptors and their activation leads to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cytokines , Neutrophils , NLR Proteins , Receptors, Pattern Recognition , Toll-Like Receptors
3.
Iatreia ; 25(4): 380-390, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-659358

ABSTRACT

La inflamación es una respuesta inmune frente a los agentes infecciosos y las señales moleculares de peligro, de estrés celular o que son producto del daño tisular. Muchos receptores de la inmunidad innata participan en la respuesta inflamatoria e inducen la activación transcripcional para la producción de una gran cantidad de citocinas, quimiocinas y otros mediadores inflamatorios. Sin embargo, las citocinas de la familia IL-1β son excepcionales, porque no solo requieren la activación transcripcional, sino también un procesamiento proteolítico para generar las citocinas con actividad biológica. Este paso es la activación mediada por la caspasa-1, que a su vez es controlada por varios complejos multimoleculares citosólicos denominados inflamasomas. El inflamasoma NLRP3 puede ser activado por material agregado o cristalino (partículas) y por varios microorganismos o toxinas derivadas de estos; sin embargo, aún no se entienden completamente sus mecanismos de activación. La importancia de este complejo de señalización innata se manifiesta por la existencia de varios mecanismos que regulan la activación de NLRP3 a diferentes niveles. En este artículo se revisan dichos mecanismos.


Inflammation is an immune response to infectious agents and to signals that arise from host molecules in stress situations or after tissue damage. Many innate immune receptors take part in the inflammatory response and induce transcriptional activation leading to the production of a host of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators. The IL-1β cytokines are exceptional in that they not only require transcriptional activation but also a proteolytic processing into biologically active cytokines. This activation step is mediated by caspase-1, which in turn is controlled by cytosolic multimolecular complexes named inflammasomes. The NLRP3 inflammasome responds to aggregated or crystalline material, as well as to microbes or pore-forming toxins, but activation mechanisms are not fully understood. The importance of this innate signaling complex is highlighted by the existence of several mechanisms that regulate NLRP3 activation at different levels. In this article we review such mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases , Immune System , Inflammation , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...