ABSTRACT
This allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction that is triggered by contact with latex. Symptoms vary depending on factors such as route, frequency, and exposure dose, as well as individual susceptibility. The clinical manifestations can be localized at the site of contact with latex or generalized. Exposure can occur directly as a result of contact with the skin and mucous membranes, that is by touching or being touched by objects with latex, or by inhaling (breathing) particles from objects with latex. Contact can also be indirect; for example, by ingesting food that has been handled by a worker wearing latex gloves or by having contact with a person who has been blowing up balloons. The diagnosis of latex allergy is made based on the patient's medical history and on what has been reported in the interrogation, and it is complemented with in vivo studies (such as skin tests and provocation tests) or in vitro studies (determination of specific IgE). The fundamental pillar in the treatment of latex allergy is the education of the patient to achieve the avoidance of products made with this material or the contact and intake of food that has had contact with latex. In view of the foregoing, latex allergy has a great medical and social relevance due to all the safety measures that the patient must take.
La alergia es una reacción de hipersensibilidad desencadenada tras el contacto con el látex. Los síntomas varían dependiendo de factores como la ruta, frecuencia y dosis de exposición, además de la susceptibilidad individual. Las manifestaciones clínicas pueden darse de forma localizada, en el sitio de contacto con el látex, o generalizadas. La exposición puede ocurrir de forma directa como resultado del contacto con la piel y mucosas, por tocar o ser tocado por objetos con látex, o al inhalar partículas provenientes de objetos con látex. El contacto también puede ser indirecto, al ingerir alimentos que fueron manipulados por un trabajador con guantes de látex, al tener contacto con una persona que ha estado inflando globos, por ejemplo. El diagnóstico de alergia al látex se realiza basado en la historia clínica del paciente, lo reportado en el interrogatorio y se complementa con estudios in vivo (como las pruebas cutáneas y las pruebas de provocación) o estudios in vitro (determinación de IgE específica). El pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de la alergia al látex es la educación del paciente para lograr la evitación de productos elaborados con este producto o el contacto e ingesta de alimentos que tuvieron contacto con el látex. Por lo anterior, la alergia al látex tiene una gran relevancia médica y social por todas las medidas de seguridad que debe llevar el paciente.
Subject(s)
Latex Hypersensitivity , Humans , Latex Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Latex Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Latex Hypersensitivity/etiology , Skin TestsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Asthma patients show lower exercise tolerance. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of functional capacity in children with asthma. METHODS: Girls and boys from 6 to 17 years old were included in two groups: asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. PSPQ was applied and vital signs, peak expiratory flow and Modiï¬ed Borg Dyspnea Scale were measured at the beginning and the end of 6MWD. RESULTS: Participants included 58 subjects, including 32 asthmatic patients, and 55.2 % male subjects. Mean age: 10.6 years ± 3.1. Asthmatic group: mean distance covered in meters 456.04 ± 54.05, meters covered by gender 456.31 ± 48.73 male and 455.74 ± 61.29 female (p = 0.28). Control group: the mean was 468.28 ± 54.52 meters, meters covered by gender 465.98 ± 58.04 male, 471.44 ± 51.95 female (p = 0.35). The difference between asthmatic group and control group was 12.24 meters in favor of control group (p = 0.378). There was no association between body mass index (BMI) and distance covered (p = 0.53), but a Pearson correlation p = -0.445. In the male gender, CF was positively associated with self-perception in CAF variables: physical condition, physical attractiveness, strength (p = 0.04) and physical self-concept in general (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the distance covered between the two groups. The main impact factor was the body mass index with an inverse relation to the distance. Males had better physical self-perception, which is positively associated with CF.
Antecedentes: los pacientes con asma muestran menor tolerancia al ejercicio. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad funcional en niños con asma. Métodos: se incluyeron pacientes con asma de 6 a 17 años y un grupo control sano. Se registraron signos vitales, flujometría, escala de disnea y fatiga de Borg antes y después de prueba de marcha de seis minutos; se aplicó el Cuestionario de Autopercepción Física. Resultados: participaron 58 sujetos, 32 con asma, 55.2 % del sexo masculino. La edad fue de 10.6 años ± 3.1 años. En el grupo con asma, la distancia media recorrida fue de 456.04 ± 54.05 m; en los hombres de 456.31 ± 48.73 m y en las mujeres de 455.74 ± 61.29 m (p = 0.28). En el grupo control, la distancia media fue de 468.28 ± 54.52 m; en niños de 465.98 ± 58.04 m y en las niñas de 471.44 ± 51.95 m (p = 0.35). La diferencia entre los grupos con asma y control fue de 12.24 m, a favor del control (p = 0.378). No hubo asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y la distancia recorrida (p = 0.53). En el sexo masculino, la capacidad funcional se asoció positivamente con la condición física, atractivo físico, fuerza (p = 0.04) y autoconcepto físico en general (p = 0.02) del Cuestionario. Conclusiones: no hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en la distancia recorrida. El principal factor de impacto fue el índice de masa corporal, con una relación inversa a la distancia recorrida. El sexo masculino tuvo mejor autopercepción física, asociada positivamente con la capacidad funcional.
Subject(s)
Asthma/physiopathology , Physical Functional Performance , Walk Test , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Self Concept , Self Report , Time Factors , Walk Test/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: When a child develops asthma symptoms, several changes in his/her behavior, in his/her family and in his/her social environment begin. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent personality traits and psychological disturbances in asthmatic children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A transversal, observational and descriptive study was performed on 85 asthmatic children and adolescents ages from 5 to 18 years old that attended a questionnaire, and a graphic test on 77 of those children, which consisted on drawing two pictures. Such pictures were analyzed by a psychotherapist to determine the personality traits and the psychological disturbance present in these individuals. RESULTS: All the children answered positively at least one of the questions which detect data related to depression in the questionnaire, being the more frequent: easy anger (40%), insomnia (29%), sadness (15%), auto-aggression or suicide ideas (11%) and loss of appetite (6%). According to graphic test interpretation, 39% of children showed a depression disturbance, 29% adaptation disturbance with depression symptoms, and 12% an adaptation disturbance. In addition, we found that 2 children were victim of abuse and negligence into their families. CONCLUSION: The 100% of the evaluated asthmatic children and adolescents, showed data related to depression presence.
