ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We assessed the efficacy of customized foot orthotic therapy by comparing reulceration rates, minor amputation rates, and work and daily living activities before and after therapy. Peak plantar pressures and peak plantar impulses were compared with the patients not wearing and wearing their prescribed footwear. METHODS: One hundred seventeen patients with diabetes were prescribed therapeutic insoles and footwear based on the results of a detailed biomechanical study and were followed for 2 years. All of the patients had a history of foot ulcers, but none had undergone previous orthotic therapy. RESULTS: Before treatment, the reulceration rate was 79% and the amputation rate was 54%. Two years after the start of orthotic therapy, the reulceration rate was 15% and the amputation rate was 6%. Orthotic therapy reduced peak plantar pressures in patients with reulcerations and in those without (P < .05), although a significant decrease in peak plantar impulses was achieved only in patients not experiencing reulceration. Sick leave was reduced from 100% to 26%. CONCLUSIONS: Personalized orthotic therapy targeted at reducing plantar pressures by off-loading protects high-risk patients against reulceration. Treatment reduced the reulceration rate and peak plantar pressures, leading to patients' return to work or other activities.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Diabetic Foot/therapy , Foot/physiopathology , Orthotic Devices , Aged , Diabetic Foot/physiopathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pressure , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Spain , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The consumption of antibiotics for systemic use has been well studied. However, data of topical use in our country are an anecdotal reference in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outpatient use of topical antimicrobials in Spain associated with other drugs during the period December 2005 and November 2007. METHODS: A descriptive quantitative study was conducted between December 1, 2005 to November 30, 2007. The sample amounted to a total of 112 drugs, representing 131 dosage forms. The data on consumption of drugs were sold by the company Intercontinental Marketing Services (IMS), while demographic data were obtained from the municipal census of 2006 and 2007. The study variables were grouped into three categories: those relating to consumption, those on medications and other variables such as geographic location and time period. RESULTS: During the study period the outpatient consumption of topical antimicrobials in Spain was 41.755.951 vials (130.637.368 euros) whose composition included associations between antimicrobials or antimicrobials with other drugs. The average monthly consumption amounted to 1.739.831 vials and 5.443.223 euros. The dermal route of administration was the most dispensed and according to the Anatomical, Therapeutic, Chemical classification system (ATC) and the D07CC subgroup was the most used. The association between tobramycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic suspension as 30% was the drug most used in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of topical antimicrobials in Spain during the period 2006-2007 increased by 2.36% in the number of vials and 7.28% in economic cost. These antimicrobials were more used in summer. The average cost of a topical antimicrobial was half (3.13 euros) compared to the average cost of a drug (7.89 euros).
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local , Administration, Topical , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/economics , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Dosage Forms , Drug Combinations , Drug Utilization , Humans , Ophthalmic Solutions , Outpatients , Spain/epidemiology , Tobramycin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
We examined trends and associated factors of disability among Spanish elderly with diabetes from data of three National Health Surveys (NHS) from 2000 to 2007. Prevalence of disability was higher among diabetic elderly versus non-sufferers and increased over time. Adjusted OR for activities of daily living 1.66 (1.37-2.00); instrumental activities of daily living 1.52 (1.31-1.77) and mobility disability 1.7 (1.45-1.98).
