Characterization of Regolith And Trace Economic Resources (CRATER): An Orbitrap-based laser desorption mass spectrometry instrument for in situ exploration of the Moon.

RATIONALE: Characterization of Regolith And Trace Economic Resources (CRATER), an Orbitrap™-based laser desorption mass spectrometry instrument designed to conduct high-precision, spatially resolved analyses of planetary materials, is capable of answering outstanding science questions about the Moon's formation and the subsequent processes that have modified its (sub)surface. METHODS: Here, we describe the baseline design of the CRATER flight model, which requires <20 000 cm3  volume, <10 kg mass, and <60 W peak power. The analytical capabilities and performance metrics of a prototype that meets the full functionality of the flight model are demonstrated. RESULTS: The instrument comprises a high-power, solid-state, pulsed ultraviolet (213 nm) laser source to ablate the surface of the lunar sample, a custom ion optical interface to accelerate and collimate the ions produced at the ablation site, and an Orbitrap mass analyzer capable of discriminating competing isobars via ultrahigh mass resolution and high mass accuracy. The CRATER instrument can measure elemental and isotopic abundances and characterize the organic content of lunar surface samples, as well as identify economically valuable resources for future exploration. CONCLUSION: An engineering test unit of the flight model is currently in development to serve as a pathfinder for near-term mission opportunities.

Oncogenic Proteomics Approaches for Translational Research and HIV-Associated Malignancy Mechanisms.

Recent advances in the field of proteomics have allowed extensive insights into the molecular regulations of the cell proteome. Specifically, this allows researchers to dissect a multitude of signaling arrays while targeting for the discovery of novel protein signatures. These approaches based on data mining are becoming increasingly powerful for identifying both potential disease mechanisms as well as indicators for disease progression and overall survival predictive and prognostic molecular markers for cancer. Furthermore, mass spectrometry (MS) integrations satisfy the ongoing demand for in-depth biomarker validation. For the purpose of this review, we will highlight the current developments based on MS sensitivity, to place quantitative proteomics into clinical settings and provide a perspective to integrate proteomics data for future applications in cancer precision medicine. We will also discuss malignancies associated with oncogenic viruses such as Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and suggest novel mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) proteins are known to be oncogenic per se, to induce oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses, and to be released from the infected or expressing cells. HIV-1 proteins can act alone or in collaboration with other known oncoproteins, which cause the bulk of malignancies in people living with HIV-1 on ART.

Quiste dentígero maxilar: etiología, manejo quirúrgico y consideraciones especiales. Presentación de caso clínico / Maxillary dentigerous cyst: etiology, surgical management and special considerations. Presentation of a clinical case

El quiste dentígero deriva del epitelio reducido del esmalte que rodea a la corona de un diente no erupcionado, es una entidad patológica la cual se presenta en maxilar o mandíbula, siempre relacionado a la corona de un diente incluido. Presentamos un caso clínico de quiste dentígero en maxilar relacionado a un segundo premolar derecho, el cual se presentó como un hallazgo radiográfi co. El manejo fue de manera oportuna con biopsia excisional y extracción del diente incluido. Describimos su etiología, características clínicas e imagenológicas, técnica quirúrgica, análisis histopatológico y consideraciones especiales (AU)

Dentigerous cyst derives from the reduced epithelium of enamel that surrounds the crown of an unerupted tooth, is a pathological entity that occurs in maxilla and jaw. Always related to the crown of the included tooth. We present a clinical case of dentigerous cyst in the maxilla related to a second right premolar, which presented as a radiographic fi nding. Was handled in a timely manner with excisional biopsy and extraction of the included tooth. We describe its etiology, clinical and imaging characteristics, surgical technique, histopathology and special considerations (AU)

Application of stochastic system identification to the study of the compliance of electroactive polymers.

Electroactive polymers have shown promising applications as transducers that can mimic biological muscle. The modulus or the compliance of many of these devices can change significantly as they are actuated making these materials attractive for applications that require tunable stiffness. We have developed a dynamic mechanical analyzer that is capable of making in situ measurements of the dynamic compliance transfer function of conducting polymers as a function of an electrochemical stimulus. We do this by simultaneously applying a stochastic stress waveform over a potential waveform and calculating the compliance as it changes over the course of electrochemical excitation. Using these signals we can calculate the compliance transfer function between 0.1 and 100 Hz and the impulse response function with up to 3% variation in its parameters. These functions are then computed as charge is injected into the polymer and it is shown that the low frequency gain of the transfer function can change by 30%-40% in the electrochemical system tested.