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1.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 39(7): 194, 2023 May 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37169980

ABSTRACT

Terpenes and terpenoids are a group of isoprene-derived molecules that constitute the largest group of natural products and secondary metabolites produced by living things, with more than 25,000 compounds reported. These compounds are synthesized by enzymes called terpene synthases, which include several families of cyclases and enzymes. These are responsible for adding functional groups to cyclized structures. Fungal terpenoids are of great interest for their pharmacological properties; therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate their synthesis (regulation of the mevalonate pathway, regulation of gene expression, and availability of cofactors) is essential to direct their production. For this reason, this review addresses the detailed study of the biosynthesis of fungal terpenoids and their regulation by various physiological and environmental factors.


Subject(s)
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases , Fungal Proteins , Fungi , Terpenes , Terpenes/metabolism , Fungi/enzymology , Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/metabolism , Fungal Proteins/metabolism
2.
Syst Appl Acarol ; 28(2): 298-308, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38464458

ABSTRACT

Arthropods from class Arachnida constitute a large and diverse group with over 100,000 described species, and they are sources of many proteins that have a direct impact on human health. Despite the importance of Arachnida, few proteins originating from these organisms have been characterized in terms of their structure. Here we present a detailed analysis of Arachnida proteins that have their experimental structures determined and deposited to the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Our results indicate that proteins represented in the PDB are derived from a small number of Arachnida families, and two-thirds of Arachnida proteins with experimental structures determined are derived from organisms belonging to Buthidae, Ixodidae, and Theraphosidae families. Moreover, 90% of the deposits come from just a dozen of Arachnida families, and almost half of the deposits represent proteins originating from only fifteen different species. In summary, our analysis shows that the structural analysis of proteins originating from Arachnida is not only limited to a small number of the source species, but also proteins from this group of animals are not extensively studied. However, the interest in Arachnida proteins seems to be increasing, which is reflected by a significant increase in the related PDB deposits during the last ten years.

3.
MEDICC Rev ; 24(1): 40-43, 2022 Jan 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35157639

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In Cuba, 29,939 deaths from ischemic heart disease were recorded in 2020. Myocardial revascularization surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are well-established methods of treating patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. These methods can reduce overall deaths, but choosing the optimal strategy for treating left main coronary ischemia is a source of debate among specialists. OBJECTIVE: Estimate survival and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention versus myocardial revascularization surgery and their relationships with pre-existing patients' clinical and angiographic characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 41 patients; 35 men and 6 women aged 40-85 years who had been diagnosed with multivessel coronary artery disease and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 17) or myocardial revascularization surgery (n = 24) at the Medical-Surgical Research Center in Havana, Cuba, in 2016. The main variable under consideration was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events over a four-year period following these interventions. We collected clinical and angiographic characteristics, and used the Kaplan-Meier test to calculate survival curves. Survival probabilities were compared using the log-rank test. A value of p ⟨ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio, with 95% confidence intervals used for both procedures. RESULTS: There were a total of 20 major adverse cardiovascular events, 75% (15/20) of which occurred in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 5% in patients who had myocardial revascularization surgery. The probability of survival was 70.6% in surgery and 37.5% in interventionism; p = 0.043; hazard ratio 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.987-2.530), p = 0.047. The need to repeat a revascularization procedure was the only major cardiovascular event that showed significant differences between methods (log-rank p = 0.015), and was more frequent in percutaneous intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial revascularization surgery offers a better chance of survival than percutaneous coronary intervention. Major adverse cardiovascular events are more frequent in patients with coronary interventionism, due to the need to repeat revascularization.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronary Artery Bypass , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Cuba/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
4.
Microb Cell Fact ; 20(1): 88, 2021 Apr 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33888152

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel ß-coronavirus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic disease, which spread rapidly, infecting more than 134 million people, and killing almost 2.9 million thus far. Based on the urgent need for therapeutic and prophylactic strategies, the identification and characterization of antibodies has been accelerated, since they have been fundamental in treating other viral diseases. Here, we summarized in an integrative manner the present understanding of the immune response and physiopathology caused by SARS-CoV-2, including the activation of the humoral immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore, the synthesis of antibodies. Furthermore, we also discussed about the antibodies that can be generated in COVID-19 convalescent sera and their associated clinical studies, including a detailed characterization of a variety of human antibodies and identification of antibodies from other sources, which have powerful neutralizing capacities. Accordingly, the development of effective treatments to mitigate COVID-19 is expected. Finally, we reviewed the challenges faced in producing potential therapeutic antibodies and nanobodies by cell factories at an industrial level while ensuring their quality, efficacy, and safety.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry , Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Viral/blood , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/virology , Humans , Immunity, Humoral , Immunity, Innate , Immunoglobulins/chemistry , Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Single-Chain Antibodies/chemistry , Single-Chain Antibodies/therapeutic use
5.
Insects ; 10(5)2019 May 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31083484

ABSTRACT

Several commercial products and home-made attractants have been developed for monitoring and mass-trapping of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Growers in Mexico have adopted an attractant based on a fermenting mixture of raspberry pulp and sucrose, with anecdotally promising results. We compared the capture rates of traps baited with raspberry pulp + sucrose with captures from a range of alternative attractants. Raspberry pulp alone or with sucrose was more attractive than apple cider vinegar (ACV) or SuzukiiTrap and similar to baker's yeast + sucrose in laboratory cage studies. Synthetic raspberry aroma (0.1-10% concentration), in water or mixed with ACV, did not improve capture rates in the laboratory. Traps baited with raspberry + sucrose or ACV had similar captures of D. suzukii in raspberry or blackberry polytunnels in Michoacán, Mexico. Raspberry + sucrose baited traps captured significantly higher numbers of other drosophilid species, leading to higher total numbers of captured flies (all species), which may explain why Mexican growers favor the raspberry-based attractant. The commercial products SuzukiiTrap and Z-Kinol had lower captures than ACV in polytunnels, although SuzukiiTrap had the highest selectivity in captures of D. suzukii (81% of flies captured). A two-component trap (2C trap) baited with ACV + ethanol as the drowning solution and raspberry pulp + sucrose or baker's yeast + sucrose in a ventilated tube device was markedly more effective than the trap currently used by growers. We conclude that raspberry pulp + sucrose is as effective for the attraction of D. suzukii as ACV under commercial polytunnel conditions. The 2C trap performed better than the transparent cup trap currently used by berry producers in Mexico.

7.
PLoS One ; 12(11): e0188350, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29149190

ABSTRACT

The improvement of trap-lure combinations is an important part of integrated pest management programs that involve monitoring pests for timely insecticide applications, or for their use in control strategies such as mass trapping or bait stations. In this study improvements in the capture of Drosophila suzukii were not observed following the inclusion of different color stimuli with respect to a red-black stripe cup trap. This red-black stripe trap with a hemispherical dome-shaped lid had a significantly improved physical retention of flies compared to traps fitted with a flat lid. Retention was further improved when an additional tube device, which could be baited with a supplemental attractant, was introduced through the dome-shaped lid. Under laboratory conditions, this trap, in which apple cider vinegar + 10% ethanol was present as the drowning solution and the additional tube device was baited with a fermenting mixture of sugar and yeast, was significantly more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than other conventional attractants or a commercial lure. The capture rate of this trap-lure combination remained higher than that of a commercial lure, even after 20 days of use under laboratory conditions. In a guava orchard this trap was 15-fold more effective in catching D. suzukii flies than similar traps baited with apple cider vinegar alone, 4 to 7 fold more effective than similar traps baited with a commercial lure, and 1.7-fold more effective than a fermenting mixture of yeasts and wheat flour. In commercial blackberry orchards, this trap was 6-fold more effective in trapping D. suzukii flies than the clear trap baited with apple cider vinegar used by growers. The efficacy of this trap presents a promising line of future research for monitoring and control of D. suzukii and likely other drosophilid pests.


Subject(s)
Drosophila/drug effects , Insect Control/methods , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Pheromones/pharmacology , Acetic Acid , Animals , Drosophila/physiology , Ethanol , Fermentation , Humans , Insect Control/instrumentation , Pest Control, Biological/instrumentation , Psidium/parasitology , Rubus/parasitology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Sucrose/metabolism
8.
Respir Med Case Rep ; 20: 125-128, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28210540

ABSTRACT

We describe a case of an unusual fast growing lung micropapillary-predominant adenocarcinoma in a nonsmoker male patient without pre-existing lung disease. Adenocarcinomas have been described to be slow growing tumors, however our patient presented a fast-growing rate over a period of 21 days. When the patient failed broad spectrum antibiotic coverage, malignancy became part of the differential diagnosis. Once malignancy was detected, prompt identification and treatment was started in order to improve prognosis of the patients.

9.
CorSalud ; 8(2)abr.-jun. 2016.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-69264

ABSTRACT

La nefropatía inducida por contraste representa un importante efecto adverso derivado de la administración de medios de contraste. Los factores favorecedores han sido ampliamente descritos entre los que destacan la diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad renal preexistente. La fisiopatología constituye un proceso complejo en el que la hipoxia medular constituye el elemento detonante. Las medidas preventivas mayormente recomendadas son la hidratación previa y el empleo de contraste de baja osmolalidad(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Hypoxia , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control
10.
CorSalud ; 6(3)sept. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-60550

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cáncer es la enfermedad más temible conocida por la humanidad. La cardiotoxicidad, es una complicación del tratamiento antineoplásico, la cual puede ser detectada precozmente mediante ecocardiograma. Objetivo: Identificar las variables ecocardiográficas relacionadas con la aparición de cardiotoxicidad por antraciclinas. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal con todos los pacientes que ingresaron en el servicio de Hematología del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 2010 hasta enero de 2012. Fueron estudiados 28 pacientes, los cuales recibieron quimioterapia con antraciclinas. La información general de cada paciente, así como la inherente al ecocardiograma transtorácico, fue obtenida durante el ingreso hospitalario, al mes, a los 6 y a los 12 meses. Resultados: El 69,3 por ciento de los pacientes que desarrollaron cardiotoxicidad eran mayores de 45 años y existió un predominio del sexo masculino (76,9 por ciento). El 56,8 por ciento presentó cardiotoxicidad a dosis menor de 550 mg/m2 (p=0.032). Los valores del strain rate / ε* en los pacientes que presentaron cardiotoxicidad, se redujeron significativamente al mes [0.8638/0.2 (p= 0.043) y 13.77/4.1 (p=0.031)]; mientras que la FEVI, permaneció normal [54,6±4 (p=0.036)]. En relación al volumen/presión de la aurícula izquierda, existió un incremento en los valores de referencia (21,13 ± 5,08ml y 10,91 ± 0,57mmHg), aunque sin significación estadística (p=0.217 y p=0.728). Conclusiones: Para el diagnóstico precoz de cardiotoxicidad la técnica de strain rate / ε* ha sido útil(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiotoxins , Anthracyclines , Echocardiography
11.
CorSalud ; 6(3)sept. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-60549

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 está considerada como una epidemia del siglo XXI, es bien conocido el efecto beneficioso que produce el ejercicio físico en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del ejercicio físico en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 incluidos en un programa de rehabilitación, caracterizar la evolución de los factores de riesgo asociados y modificar algunos parámetros bioquímicos y ergométricos. Método: Se realizó un estudio de intervención en 50 pacientes diabéticos incluidos en un programa de rehabilitación. A cada uno se le realizó examen físico, así como análisis de glucemia, colesterol y triglicéridos al inicio del programa y a intervalos de 6 meses hasta los 24 meses. Al culminar cada semestre, se realizó una prueba ergométrica evaluativa, según el protocolo de Bruce. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino (29/50, 58 por ciento), color blanco de piel (48 por ciento) y edad entre 35-59 años (60,0 por ciento). Se logró el control de la hipertensión arterial y el sedentarismo en todos los casos afectados, y el tabaquismo se redujo de 34 a 8,2 por ciento. Además, se redujeron significativamente los valores promedio de glucemia (5,8 ± 1,0), hemoglobina glucosilada (5,9 ± 1,0) y triglicéridos (1,7 ± 0,4). Conclusiones: En los pacientes diabéticos estudiados se logró mejorar el control de su enfermedad y de los factores de riesgo asociados, y se modificaron favorablemente algunos parámetros de la ergometría(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Exercise , Risk Factors , Rehabilitation
12.
CorSalud ; 6(3)sept. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-60546

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El intervencionismo coronario percutáneo en la enfermedad multivaso constituye una válida opción de revascularización. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del intervencionismo coronario percutáneo multiarterial en pacientes con enfermedad multivaso, e identificar variables predictoras de complicaciones cardíacas graves. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo y de supervivencia a largo plazo en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. El seguimiento mínimo fue de un año. La función de supervivencia fue estimada por el método de Kaplan-Meier y se aplicaron análisis uni y multivariado para la identificación de los factores predictores de complicaciones cardíacas graves. Resultados: Fueron tratadas 191 lesiones en 87 pacientes, el 11,5 por ciento presentó enfermedad de tres vasos. El procedimiento fue exitoso en el 97,7 por ciento de los casos y el acceso radial fue el más empleado (67,8 por ciento). La arteria descendente anterior resultó la más frecuentemente tratada (41 por ciento) y el 77 por ciento de las lesiones abordadas fueron complejas (B2 y C). El 14,9 por ciento de los casos presentó alguna complicación cardíaca grave; 3,4 por ciento fallecieron por causa cardíaca, 2,3 por ciento padeció un infarto agudo de miocardio no fatal y el 10,3 por ciento requirió nueva revascularización. La tasa de supervivencia libre de sucesos adversos al año de seguimiento fue de 89,16 por ciento. La enfermedad de tres vasos resultó la única variable que predijo, de forma independiente, la aparición de complicaciones cardíacas graves al año [p=0.01, OR 5,03 (1,18-21,3; 95 por ciento IC)]. Conclusiones: El intervencionismo coronario percutáneo multiarterial, en casos adecuadamente seleccionados, deriva en buenos resultados al año de la intervención. La enfermedad de tres vasos se asoció, de forma independiente, a la ocurrencia de complicaciones cardíacas graves durante el seguimiento(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Angioplasty, Balloon
13.
CorSalud ; 6(4)2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-60854

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los procedimientos intervencionistas se pueden realizar por varias vías de acceso como son: la femoral, la braquial, la cubital y la radial. Esta última es una alternativa aceptable y segura. Sin embargo, no se realiza evaluación de la integridad de la arteria radial después del procedimiento. Objetivo: Determinar con la técnica de ecocardiografía Doppler, el daño de la arteria radial después de un procedimiento intervencionista. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal en 111 pacientes a los que se les realizó procedimiento intervencionista por vía radial, en el período comprendido entre julio de 2009 y septiembre de 2010, y ecocardiografía Doppler de dicha arteria, en las primeras 72 horas después del procedimiento. Resultados: Existió un predominio de los pacientes del sexo masculino de 55 a 64 años (45,9 por ciento), 24 pacientes (21,6 por ciento) presentaron complicaciones detectadas a través de la ecocardiografía Doppler, de los cuales 9 (8,1 por ciento) mostraron lesiones vasculares, y fue la estenosis de la arteria radial la más representativa (5,4 por ciento). La hipertensión arterial (33,4 por ciento), la diabetes mellitus (29,4 por ciento), el tiempo del procedimiento entre 25-30 minutos (58,3 por ciento), y el grupo etario de 45 - 54 años fueron factores predisponentes para la aparición de complicaciones de tipo vascular (77,8 por ciento) y relacionadas con el sitio de punción (54,1 por ciento). Conclusiones: La utilización de la vía de acceso radial constituye una alternativa segura para el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo, que ocasiona, en un bajo porcentaje, la aparición de complicaciones vasculares y relacionadas con el sitio de punción(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Radial Artery/injuries , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic , Prospective Studies
14.
CorSalud ; 6(3)2014.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-60557

ABSTRACT

Entre los diferentes fenómenos, que influyen en la aparición de nuevos aspectos éticos en la medicina y su impacto en el ICP se encuentra la autonomía del paciente, que exige del especialista, brindar una adecuada información de los procedimientos a realizar y sus alternativas técnicas para que, a partir de esto, el paciente pueda decidir y consentir. El consentimiento informado es un proceso, no un acontecimiento aislado, de encuentro y diálogo entre el equipo médico y el paciente, desde que se ven por primera vez, donde se brinda información por parte del médico al paciente, para que éste pueda tomar una decisión responsable. Por ello, el concepto no se reduce a simplemente aceptar o rechazar un tratamiento o una intervención, sino que se centra en llegar a un acuerdo(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Informed Consent
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