A divertor scraper observation system for the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator.

Two graphite divertor elements called scrapers have been installed on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator in the throat of the magnetic island divertor. To diagnose one, we have designed, built, calibrated, and installed a new infrared/visible imaging endoscope system to enable detailed observations of the plasma interactions and heat loads at one of the scrapers and the nearby divertor surfaces. The new system uses a shuttered pinhole-protected pair of 90° off-axis 228 mm focal length aluminum parabolic mirrors, and two flat turning metal mirrors, to send light to a sapphire vacuum window 1.6 meters away, beyond which we have co-located telephoto lens-based infrared and visible cameras. The back-to-back off-axis parabolas serve to cancel out most aberrations, enabling the use of off-the-shelf commercial optics outside of the vessel. For the infrared, we use a 3-5 µm 1-megapixel FLIR SC8303HD camera and for the visible, a 5-megapixel CMOS PCO 5.5 edge camera. A short 1-m quartz pickoff fiber is used to send 200-1100 nm light to a compact spectrometer, also located in the same iron shield box as the cameras. The camera field of view covers the 700 mm length of the scraper, and includes locations monitored by thermocouples and Langmuir probes embedded in some of the scraper tiles. Predicted and actual optical test performances of the overall system are compared.

Comparison of equilibration times when freezing epididymal sperm from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) using Triladyl or AndroMed.

Because of risks of disease transmission, it is not possible to move African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) within South Africa. Therefore, new ways must be found to enable exchange of genetic material and to increase genetic diversity. In this study epididymal sperm from 11 African buffaloes was exposed to 8 different pre-freezing equilibration times, using 2 different semen extenders. To test the influence of equilibration time and to find a practical way of freezing sperm in the field equilibration times between 2 and 9 h were compared. The extenders used were Triladyl and the totally defined extender AndroMed (both Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany). Post-thaw motility, longevity and acrosomal integrity were compared. Different equilibration times did not result in different post-thaw qualities. The use of Triladyl resulted almost always in higher post-thaw motilities and in better acrosomal integrity. Individual bulls had a significant influence on measured parameters. Results indicate that sperm flushed in the field can be stored in freezing medium for up to 9 h before being further processed and that Triladyl is superior to AndroMed when freezing epididymal African buffalo sperm. This knowledge is important to plan fieldwork, since working conditions are usually far from the ideal of a laboratory.

Comparison of three different media for freezing of epididymal sperm from the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and influence of equilibration time on the post-thaw sperm quality.

Assisted reproductive techniques might prove themselves useful tools in producing buffaloes free of specific diseases (BFSD), which are in demand in South Africa. Freezing protocols for African buffalo semen must not only result in good post-thaw qualities, but must also be practical. Epididymal sperm from six mature African buffalo bulls was collected, diluted with three different semen extenders and frozen. Pre-freezing equilibration times between 2 and 9 h were tested. Total and progressive motility, longevity and acrosomal integrity were measured and compared. The use of Triladyl proved to result in better post-thaw parameters than the other two diluents. Equilibration times of between 4 and 9 h did not influence post-thaw sperm qualities significantly. For some of the treatments, exposure to semen extenders before freezing for less than 4 h resulted in inferior post-thaw semen parameters.

Synthesis of new hexahydro- and octahydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine derivatives with an arylpiperazine moiety as ligands for 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors, Part 2.

The synthesis of new of 4-aryl-hexahydro- (11-16) and (R,R)(S,S)4-aryl-octahydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine (23-27) derivatives bearing a aryl- or heteroarylpiperazinyl moiety in position 2 is described. The derivatives of 4-aryl-hexahydro- (1-5) and (R,R)(S,S)4-aryl-octahydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidin-1,3-dion (17-19) served as starting compounds for further synteses. The N-alkylation of the imide moiety in compounds 1-5 and 17-19 by 1,4-dibromobutane gave the respective monbromobutyl derivatives 6-10 and 20-22. The final derivatives 11-16 and 23-27 have been produced by condensation of the obtained bromoderivatives with selected 1-aryl and 1-heteroarylpiperazines. Compounds 11-16 and 23-27 were tested for their affinity towards 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A) and alpha1 receptors, using a radioligand binding assay.

[Growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) composite improves the healing of necrosis of the femoral head in a sheep model. Analysis of an animal model]. / Das Wachstumsfaktorkomposit aus GDF-5 und mineralisiertem Kollagen verbessert die Ausheilung einer Hüftkopfnekrose. Eine Untersuchung im Tiermodell.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: After creation of necrosis in 23 sheep, the composites were implanted in half of the animals. The animals were sacrificed 6 and 12 weeks after implantation and the femora were harvested. The specimens were investigated by microradiography, computed tomography, and histologically. RESULTS: The GDF-5 composites were effective in the necrosis model. Osseous regeneration of the necrosis and the drill track were accelerated and enhanced by the composites. In treated animals the necrosis was nearly healed and the drill track was filled with bone after 12 weeks. In the control group the track was partially filled with fibrous tissue and necrotic lesions were still present. Specific side effects of the growth factor or the matrix were not documented. This was documented by histological scoring and CT investigation. DISCUSSION: The application of an absorbable GDF-5 composite in combination with a core decompression procedure may enhance the healing of devitalized bone defects and is a promising approach for further studies.

Epididymal sperm from the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) can be frozen successfully with AndroMed and with Triladyl but the addition of bovine seminal plasma is detrimental.

Numerous diseases are carried and can be transmitted from the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to livestock. Buffaloes free of specific diseases (BFSD) are thus in demand amongst game farmers. Current BFSD derive from a small genetic pool and hence there is a special interest in bringing new genetic material into such herds. In this study epididymal sperm from 16 mature African buffalo bulls was frozen with Triladyl and AndroMed extender (Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany) with and without addition of bovine seminal plasma. Post-thaw motility, longevity and acrosomal integrity were compared. In all but one animal, post-thaw motility was higher, although not always significant, if sperm was frozen with Triladyl than with AndroMed. Seminal plasma was detrimental to the post-thaw motility. Neither semen extender nor seminal plasma had an influence on post-thaw acrosomal integrity. It can be concluded that bovine seminal plasma at a concentration of 10% is detrimental rather than beneficial for the post-thaw motility of African buffalo sperm. Even though being inferior AndroMed does, however, have the advantage that it is a defined semen extender and therefore clearly has a lower risk of contamination.

Synthesis and conformational analysis of 3-substituted derivatives of 1H, 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one of expected depressive activity on central nervous system. Part II.

Two series of new 1-aryl piperazinylacetyl derivatives of 1H, 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidyn-4-one were synthesized. The compounds were prepared by chloroacetylation; when made to react with respective arylpiperazine, then yielded VIa-o. The structures of compounds VIa-o were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. For selected compounds, acute toxicity and anticonvulsant activity were determined.

Synthesis of pyridylethenyl derivatives of 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidyn-4-on of expected depressive activity on central nervous system. Part I.

Synthesis of 2-(pyridylethenyl) derivatives of 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-on [Va-k] by condensation of selected 2-methyl-3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones [IVa-k] with nicotinic aldehyde is described. Compounds [Vh] and [Vi] showed weak analgetic activities.

[Synthesis of selected derivatives of 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-on and potential depressive action on OUN]. / Synteza wybranych pochodnych 3H-pirydo[2,3-d]pirymidyn -4-onu o potencjalnym dzialaniu depresyjnym na OUN.

2-Methyl-4H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-one (III) was reacted with amines IVa-j to give corresponding 2-methyl-3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones (Va-j) substituted at position 3. These reactions afforded non-cyclic by-products VIa', VIg', and VIh' which were converted into compounds Va, Vg and Vh by the action of POCl3. Structures of the newly obtained compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis for C, H and N, and by IR and 1H NMR spectra.

[Synthesis and pharmacological properties of fluorostyryl derivatives of 3H-pyrido[2,3]pyrimidine-4-one]. / Synteza i badania farmakologiczne pochodnych fluorostyrylowych 3H-pirydo[2,3-d]pirymidyn-4-onu.

The synthesis of fluorostyryl derivatives of 3H-pyrido[2,3]pyrimidine-4-one was described.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 2-methyl-3(2-pyridyl-methyl)-3H-pyrido-[2,3-D]-pyrimidin-4-on dihydrochloride.

Qualitative and quantitative methods for analysis of 2-methyl-3(2-pyridyl-methyl)-3H-pyrido-[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-on dihydrochloride were developed. Qualitative analysis included characteristic reactions, chromatographic investigations, interpretation of IR and UV spectra and quantitative analysis included spectrophotometric, argentometric and alkalimetric methods.

[Synthesis of derivatives of 2,4-bis(arylmethino)-8-butyl-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one]. / Syntezy pochodnych 2,4-bis(arylometino)-8-butylo-8-azabicyklo [3.2.1] oktan-3-onu.

In the frame-work of continued search for novel compounds with potential cholagogic or antitumour activity, some derivatives of 2,4-bis-(arylmethino)-8-butyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one were synthesized. 8-Butyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one was condensed with selected tolualdehydes, methoxybenzaldehydes and chlorobenzaldehydes, as well as with piperonal, furfural, dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 3-pyridine-carboxaldehyde and 4-pyridine-carboxaldehyde. Products of these reactions were isolated in the form of free bases or their hydrochlorides. The obtained compounds were subjected to pharmacological studies. Two as yet investigated compounds failed to induce statistically significant increase in the volume of secreted bile, but one of them was found to display cholinergic activity.