Comparación del rendimiento entre biopsia transrectal clásica y biopsia "cognitiva" ecodirigida en la rebiopsia de la próstata / Comparison of classical transrectal prostate biopsy versus cognitive registration in rebiopsy

Introducción: El objetivo es comparar el rendimiento de la secuencia resonancia magnética (RM) y biopsia transrectal «cognitiva» (BTRCog) frente a la biopsia transrectal clásica (BTRCl) en pacientes con al menos una biopsia de próstata (BP) negativa. Material y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 205 pacientes con al menos una BP negativa. A 144 (70,2%) pacientes se les realizó antes de la biopsia una RM y a 61 (29,8%) no. Los nódulos se clasificaron según la clasificación PI-RADS v2 agrupando pZa, pZpl y pZpm como zona periférica (ZP), Tza, Tzp y CZ como zona transicional (ZT) y áreas AS como zona anterior (ZA). A los pacientes con RM se les realizó BTRCog. A los pacientes sin RM se les realizó una BTRCl de la ZP y de la ZT. Comparación de variables cualitativas con test de la chi2 y de cuantitativas con t de Student. Análisis multivariante (regresión logística) para identificar variables predictoras. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 68 (IQR 62-72%) años, de PSA 8,3 (IQR 6,2-11,7) ng/ml y del número de biopsias previas fue 1 (IQR 1-2). En 169 (82,4%) el tacto rectal (TR) fue normal, mientras que en 36 (17,6%) sospechoso (cT2a-b en 34 y cT2c en 2). La mediana del volumen prostático (VP) fue de 48 (IQR 38-65) cc. Existió diferencia en el PSAD (p = 0,03) entre ambos grupos. En la ETR se identificó nódulo hipoecoico en 8 (13,1%) pacientes con BTRCl y en 62(43,1%) (p = 0,0001) con BTRCog. La mediana de cilindros extraídos en BTRCl fue 10 (IQR 10-10) y en el grupo BTRCog fue 11 (IQR 9-13) (p = 0,75). Se diagnosticó cáncer en 74 (36,1%) pacientes. En BTRCl 10 (16,4%) y en BTRCog 64 (44,4%) (p = 0,0001). Los tumores diagnosticados fueron clasificados: ISUP-1: 34 (45,9%), ISUP-2: 21 (28,4%), ISUP-3: 9 (12,2%), ISUP-4: 7 (9,5%), ISUP-5: 3 (4,1%). No existieron diferencias (p = 0,89). La mediana de cilindros afectados en BTRCl fue 1 (IQR 1-5) frente a 2 (IQR 1-4) en el grupo BTRCog (p = 0,93). Variables predictoras independientes de cáncer: edad (OR = 12,05, p = 0,049). TR sospechoso (OR = 2,64, p = 0,04), nódulo hipoecoico en ecografía (OR = 2,20, p = 0,03) y la secuencia RM + BTRCog (OR = 3,49, p = 0,003). Conclusiones: La secuencia RMNmp + BTRCog en pacientes con al menos una BP previa negativa multiplica casi por 3,5 (OR = 3,49) la probabilidad de diagnosticar un cáncer frente a la BTRCl

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare performance of two biopsy approaches in patients with at least one previous negative prostate biopsy (PB): classical transrectal biopsy (ClTB) versus cognitive registration biopsy (COG-TB). Material and methods: A retrospective study of 205 patients with at least one negative PB. 144 (70.2%) patients underwent a prior mpMRI and 61 (29.8%) patients did not. Nodule classification was carried out according PI-RADS version 2. Peripheral zone (PZ) grouped pZa, pZpl and pZpm areas, transition zone (TZ) Tza, Tzp and Cz areas, and anterior zone (AZ) AS areas. COG-TB was conducted in patients with previous mpMRI (144); while in the remaining 61 (29.8%) patients a ClTB of PZ and TZ was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square and T-student tests for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. Multivariate analysis was carried out in order to identify predictive variables of prostate cancer. Results: Median patient age was 68 (IQR 62-72) years, median PSA was 8.3 (IQR 6.2-11.7) ng/ml and median previous biopsies was 1 (IQR 1-2). Digital rectal examinations (DRE) findings were normal in 169 (82.4%) patients and suspicious in 36 (17.6%) patients (cT2a-b in 34 patients and cT2c in 2). Median prostate volume was 48 (IQR 38-65) cc. Statistically significant differences in PSAD between both groups were found (P = .03). Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) showed hypoechoic nodules in 8 (13.1%) ClTB patients and in 62 (43.1%) COG-TB patients (P=.0001). The median number of biopsy cylinders per set of prostate biopsies was 10 (IQR 10-10) in ClTB group and 11 (IQR 9-13) in COG-TB group (P = .75). Cancer was diagnosed in 74 (36.1%) patients: of them, 10 (16.4%) were ClTB patients and 64 (44.4%) COG-TB (P = .0001). Tumors classification was as follow: ISUP-1: 34 (45.9%), ISUP-2: 21 (28.4%), ISUP-3: 9 (12.2%), ISUP-4: 7 (9.5%) and ISUP-5: 3 (4.1%). No significant statistical differences were found (P = .89). The median number of biopsy cylinders impaired per set of prostate biopsies was 1 (IQR 1-5) in ClTB group and 2 (IQR 1-4) in COG-TB group (P = .93). Regarding independent predictive variables for prostate cancer the results were: age (OR = 12.05; P = .049), suspicious DRE (OR = 2.64; P = .04), hypoechoic nodule (OR = 2.20; P = .03) and mpMRI + COG-TB sequence (OR = 3.49; P = .003). Conclusions: In patients with at least one negative PB, mpMRI + COG-TB sequence improves 3.5 (OR=3.49) times the diagnosis prostate vs. ClTB

Comparison of classical transrectal prostate biopsy versus cognitive registration in rebiopsy. / Comparación del rendimiento entre biopsia transrectal clásica y biopsia «cognitiva¼ ecodirigida en la rebiopsia de la próstata.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to compare performance of two biopsy approaches in patients with at least one previous negative prostate biopsy (PB): classical transrectal biopsy (ClTB) versus cognitive registration biopsy (COG-TB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 205 patients with at least one negative PB. 144 (70.2%) patients underwent a prior mpMRI and 61 (29.8%) patients did not. Nodule classification was carried out according PI-RADS version 2. Peripheral zone (PZ) grouped pZa, pZpl and pZpm areas, transition zone (TZ) Tza, Tzp and Cz areas, and anterior zone (AZ) AS areas. COG-TB was conducted in patients with previous mpMRI (144); while in the remaining 61 (29.8%) patients a ClTB of PZ and TZ was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square and T-student tests for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. Multivariate analysis was carried out in order to identify predictive variables of prostate cancer. RESULTS: Median patient age was 68 (IQR 62-72) years, median PSA was 8.3 (IQR 6.2-11.7) ng/ml and median previous biopsies was 1 (IQR 1-2). Digital rectal examinations (DRE) findings were normal in 169 (82.4%) patients and suspicious in 36 (17.6%) patients (cT2a-b in 34 patients and cT2c in 2). Median prostate volume was 48 (IQR 38-65) cc. Statistically significant differences in PSAD between both groups were found (P=.03). Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) showed hypoechoic nodules in 8 (13.1%) ClTB patients and in 62 (43.1%) COG-TB patients (P=.0001). The median number of biopsy cylinders per set of prostate biopsies was 10 (IQR 10-10) in ClTB group and 11 (IQR 9-13) in COG-TB group (P=.75). Cancer was diagnosed in 74 (36.1%) patients: of them, 10 (16.4%) were ClTB patients and 64 (44.4%) COG-TB (P=.0001). Tumors classification was as follow: ISUP-1: 34 (45.9%), ISUP-2: 21 (28.4%), ISUP-3: 9 (12.2%), ISUP-4: 7 (9.5%) and ISUP-5: 3 (4.1%). No significant statistical differences were found (P=.89). The median number of biopsy cylinders impaired per set of prostate biopsies was 1 (IQR 1-5) in ClTB group and 2 (IQR 1-4) in COG-TB group (P=.93). Regarding independent predictive variables for prostate cancer the results were: age (OR=12.05; P=.049), suspicious DRE (OR=2.64; P=.04), hypoechoic nodule (OR=2.20; P=.03) and mpMRI +COG-TB sequence (OR=3.49; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with at least one negative PB, mpMRI +COG-TB sequence improves 3.5 (OR=3.49) times the diagnosis prostate vs. ClTB.

Efectividad de la biopsia "cognitiva" en el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata en los pacientes con biopsia previa negativa / Effectiveness of the "cognitive" biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with a previous negative biopsy

Introducción: Evaluación de la efectividad de la biopsia cognitiva (BC) en los pacientes con sospecha clínica de cáncer de próstata (caP) y al menos una biopsia negativa (BTR). Material y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 144 pacientes con al menos una BTR y una resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) previa. Los nódulos de la RMN se clasificaron según la clasificación PI-RADS v2 agrupando pZa, pZpl y pZpm como zona periférica (ZP), Tza, Tzp y CZ como zona transicional (ZT) y áreas AS como zona anterior (ZA). Se indicó biopsia en nódulos ≥ PI-RADS 3. Se llevó a cabo análisis uni y multivariante (regresión logística) tratando de identificar variables relacionadas con tumor en biopsia de PI-RADS 3. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 67 (IQR: 62-72) años, la de PSA 8,2 (IQR: 6,2-12)ng/ml. Se identificó nódulo en la RMN en la ZP en 97 (67,4%) casos, en la ZT en 29 (20,1%) casos y en ZA en 41 (28,5%) casos. Se diagnosticó caP en la biopsia en 64 (44%) pacientes. En PI-RADS 3 se obtuvo un 17,5% (7/40) de cáncer, PI-RADS 4 un 47,3% (35/73) y en los PI-RADS 5 un 73,3% (22/29) (p = 0,0001). Análisis multivariable con variables que pudieran influir en el resultado de la biopsia en pacientes con PI-RADS 3: ninguno (edad, PSA, número de biopsias previas, tacto rectal, PSAD, volumen prostático ni número de cilindros extraídos) se comportó como factor predictor independiente de tumor. Conclusiones: El rendimiento diagnóstico de la BC en pacientes con al menos una biopsia previa negativa fue del 44% incrementándose según el grado de PI-RADS, siendo en PI-RADS 3 bajo. No se identificó ninguna variable clínica predictora de caP en pacientes con PI-RADS 3

Introduction: Evaluation of the effectiveness of cognitive biopsy (CB) in patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PC), and at least one negative biopsy (TRB). Material and method: Retrospective study of 144 patients with at least one previous TRB and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI nodules were classified based on PI-RADS v2 grouping pZa, pZpl and pZpm as the peripheral zone(PZ), Tza, Tzp and CZ as the transitional zone (TZ), and the AS zones as the anterior zone (AZ). A biopsy was indicated for nodules ≥ PI-RADS 3. Uni and multivariate analysis was undertaken (logistic regression) to identify variables relating to a PI-RADS 3 tumour on biopsy. Results: The median age was 67 (IQR: 62-72) years, the median PSA was 8.2 (IQR: 6.2-12) ng/ml. A nodule was identified on MRI in the PZ in 97 (67.4%) cases, in the TZ in 29 (20.1%), and in the AZ in 41 (28.5%). PC was diagnosed on biopsy in 64 (44%) patients. The cancer rate in the PI-RADS 3 lesions was 17.5% (7/40), in the PI-RADS 4 47.3% (35/73), and in the PI-RADS 5 lesions it was 73.3% (22/29) (p = .0001). Multivariable analysis with variables that could influence the biopsy result in patients with PI-RADS 3: None (age, PSA, number of previous biopsies, rectal examination, PSAD, prostate volume or number of extracted cylinders) behaved as an independent tumour predictor. Conclusions: The diagnostic performance of CB in patients with at least one previous negative biopsy was 44%, increasing according to the PI-RADS grade, and low in PI-RADS 3. No clinical variable predictive of cancer was found in patients with PI-RADS 3

Effectiveness of the «cognitive¼ biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with a previous negative biopsy. / Efectividad de la biopsia «cognitiva¼ en el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata en los pacientes con biopsia previa negativa.

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of the effectiveness of cognitive biopsy (CB) in patients with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PC), and at least one negative biopsy (TRB). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of 144 patients with at least one previous TRB and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI nodules were classified based on PI-RADS v2 grouping pZa, pZpl and pZpm as the peripheral zone(PZ), Tza, Tzp and CZ as the transitional zone (TZ), and the AS zones as the anterior zone (AZ). A biopsy was indicated for nodules ≥PI-RADS 3. Uni and multivariate analysis was undertaken (logistic regression) to identify variables relating to a PI-RADS 3 tumour on biopsy. RESULTS: The median age was 67 (IQR: 62-72) years, the median PSA was 8.2 (IQR: 6.2-12) ng/ml. A nodule was identified on MRI in the PZ in 97 (67.4%) cases, in the TZ in 29 (20.1%), and in the AZ in 41 (28.5%). PC was diagnosed on biopsy in 64 (44%) patients. The cancer rate in the PI-RADS 3 lesions was 17.5% (7/40), in the PI-RADS 4 47.3% (35/73), and in the PI-RADS 5 lesions it was 73.3% (22/29) (p=.0001). Multivariable analysis with variables that could influence the biopsy result in patients with PI-RADS 3: None (age, PSA, number of previous biopsies, rectal examination, PSAD, prostate volume or number of extracted cylinders) behaved as an independent tumour predictor. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of CB in patients with at least one previous negative biopsy was 44%, increasing according to the PI-RADS grade, and low in PI-RADS 3. No clinical variable predictive of cancer was found in patients with PI-RADS 3.