ABSTRACT
Preoperative evaluation of medication is important as part of the anesthetic plan. The aim of this manuscript is to evaluate and compare through literature review the existing evidence to support optimal perioperative medication management.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia/methods , Intraoperative Care/methods , Perioperative Care/methods , Humans , Perioperative PeriodABSTRACT
A persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium was diagnosed in an adult patient, scheduled for surgical correction of a large inferiorly located sinus venosus atrial septal defect. In the majority of cases a persistent left superior vena cava is found incidentally and causes little or no symptoms. Nevertheless, anaesthesiologist should be aware of its occurrence; because of different technical difficulties and clinical problems that can be encountered. Echocardiography plays an key role in the detection of a persistent left superior vena cava.
Subject(s)
Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/pathology , Vena Cava, Superior/abnormalities , Adult , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Female , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Humans , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
Acute and chronic pain are of major concern after orthopedic surgery. The increasing trend toward day case surgery induced the development of different techniques in postoperative pain control. One commonly used strategy in pain management after knee and shoulder joint surgery is the intra-articular (IA) use of local anesthetics (LA). Recent attention has been drawn to the possible toxicity on chondrocytes of local anesthetics. The aim of this manuscript is to evaluate and compare through literature review the existing evidence on the clinical use and possible adverse effects of intra-articular injection of local anesthetics peri-operatively.
