ABSTRACT
Background: We previously demonstrated that brentuximab vedotin (BV) used as second-line therapy in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma is a tolerable and effective bridge to autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). Here, we report the post-AHCT outcomes of patients treated with second-line standard/fixed-dose BV and an additional cohort of patients where positron-emission tomography adapted dose-escalation of second-line BV was utilized. Patients and methods: Patients on the dose-escalation cohort received 1.8 mg/kg of BV intravenously every 3 weeks for two cycles. Patients in complete remission (CR) after two cycles received two additional cycles of BV at 1.8 mg/kg, while patients with stable disease or partial response were escalated to 2.4 mg/kg for two cycles. All patients, regardless of treatment cohort, proceeded directly to AHCT or received additional pre-AHCT therapy at the discretion of the treating physician based on remission status after second-line BV. Results: Of the 20 patients enrolled to the BV dose-escalation cohort, 8 patients underwent BV dose-escalation. BV escalation was well-tolerated, but no patients who were escalated converted to CR. Of 56 evaluable patients treated across cohorts, the overall response rate (ORR) to second-line BV was 75% with 43% CR. Twenty-eight (50%) patients proceeded directly to AHCT without post-BV chemotherapy, and a total of 50 patients proceeded to AHCT. Thirteen patients received consolidative post-AHCT therapy with either radiation, BV, or a PD-1 inhibitor. After AHCT, the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 67% and 93%, respectively. The 2-year PFS among patients in CR at the time of AHCT (n = 37) was 71% compared with 54% in patients not in CR (p = 0.12). The 2-year PFS in patients who proceeded to AHCT directly after receiving BV alone was 77%. Conclusions: Second-line BV is an effective bridge to AHCT that produces responses of sufficient depth to provide durable remission in conjunction with AHCT (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01393717).
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Hodgkin Disease/therapy , Immunoconjugates/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Brentuximab Vedotin , Combined Modality Therapy/mortality , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Female , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/mortality , Hodgkin Disease/mortality , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Progression-Free Survival , Salvage Therapy/methods , Salvage Therapy/mortality , Transplantation, Autologous , Young AdultABSTRACT
SETTING: Rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are currently as high as 7.7% in retreatment cases in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. MDR-TB prevalence is known to be high in patients categorized as treatment failures. Recent reports have questioned the effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) Category II regimen in retreatment TB cases. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment category predicts susceptibility patterns and outcomes in a hospitalized population of retreatment TB cases. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort of 197 pulmonary retreatment cases. RESULTS: Retreatment cases treated with the standard retreatment regimen had a high in-hospital mortality (19.8%), or poor outcome (26.4%) and a high rate of MDR-TB (16.2%). The 'treatment failure' category predicted resistance, with 57.1% of patients exhibiting any resistance compared to other treatment categories (P = 0.02); 53.8% of patients with any resistance experienced poor outcomes, compared to 16.6% of pan-susceptible cases (P = 0.02). There was a trend towards poor outcome in the treatment failure category (42.9%, P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: The retreatment category 'treatment failure' is associated with a high prevalence of resistance in an area of high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence. The 'treatment failure' category should be used to identify patients who may benefit from alternative regimens using directed, intensified therapy or second-line agents instead of the current standard retreatment regimen.
Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage , Cohort Studies , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retreatment , Retrospective Studies , South Africa/epidemiology , Treatment Failure , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/mortality , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/mortality , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
La criptococosis es la infeccion micotica grave mas comun en pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) (1), siendo el SIDA el factor predisponente en el 80-90 por ciento de los casos y suele ocurrir con recuentos de CD4 menores a 200/mm3 (2). Presentamos un caso de criptococosis en un paciente con serologia negativa para HIV, en el cual encotramos una hipogammaglubulinemia, que podria corresponder a una Inmunodeficiencia Comun Variable
Subject(s)
HIVABSTRACT
La criptococosis es la infeccion micotica grave mas comun en pacientes infectados por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) (1), siendo el SIDA el factor predisponente en el 80-90 por ciento de los casos y suele ocurrir con recuentos de CD4 menores a 200/mm3 (2). Presentamos un caso de criptococosis en un paciente con serologia negativa para HIV, en el cual encotramos una hipogammaglubulinemia, que podria corresponder a una Inmunodeficiencia Comun Variable
Subject(s)
HIVSubject(s)
Maxillary Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Odontoma/diagnostic imaging , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Fibroma, Ossifying/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Maxillary Neoplasms/pathology , Odontogenic Cyst, Calcifying/diagnosis , Odontogenic Tumors/diagnosis , Odontoma/pathology , Radiography, Panoramic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Bandages , Edema/therapy , Oral Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Edema/etiology , Face , Humans , LatexABSTRACT
The pulp of ripe bananas (Musa acuminata) contains an abundant thaumatin-like protein (TLP). Characterization of the protein and molecular cloning of the corresponding gene from banana demonstrated that the native protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 200 amino acid residues. Molecular modelling further revealed that the banana thaumatin-like protein (Ban-TLP) adopts an overall fold similar to that of thaumatin and thaumatin-like PR-5 proteins. Although the banana protein exhibits an electrostatically polarized surface, which is believed to be essential for the antifungal properties of TLPs, it is apparently devoid of antifungal activity towards pathogenic fungi. It exhibits a low but detectable in vitro endo-beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.x) activity. As well as being present in fruits, Ban-TLP also occurs in root tips where its accumulation is enhanced by methyl jasmonate treatment of plants. Pulp of plantains (Musa acuminata) also contains a very similar TLP, which is even more abundant than its banana homologue. Our results demonstrate for the first time that fruit-specific (abundant) TLPs are not confined to dicots but occur also in fruits of monocot species. The possible role of the apparent widespread accumulation of fruit-specific TLPs is discussed.
Subject(s)
Fruit/chemistry , Plant Proteins/chemistry , Plant Proteins/isolation & purification , Sweetening Agents , Trypsin Inhibitors , Amino Acid Sequence , DNA, Complementary , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Protein Conformation , Sequence Homology, Amino AcidABSTRACT
A primary histiocytic lymphoma arising in the esophagus and its resultant spontaneous perforation is reported in a 69-year-old female. To our knowledge esophageal perforation occurring as a complication of a primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the esophagus has not been previously reported.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophageal Perforation/etiology , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Aged , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Perforation/diagnostic imaging , Esophagoscopy , Female , Humans , Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Lymphoma/pathology , RadiographyABSTRACT
Computed tomography of the abdomen can aid the clinician in distinguishing intrahepatic from extrahepatic causes of jaundice. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease may be clearly defined. The timing and selection of further diagnostic and surgical procedures can be guided by computed tomography and unnecessary operations and prolonged hospitalization can be reduced. Computed tomography of the abdomen should not be used as a screening procedure but should be used after simpler techniques fail to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Cholestasis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adolescent , Adult , Cholestasis/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography, AbdominalABSTRACT
Treatment of asymptomatic diverticulosis is geared to the prevention of constipation, with vigilance for possible signs of complications. A bulky stool decreases colonic intraluminal pressures, probably lessening pain and the chance of development of new diverticula. Increased stool weight may be achieved by the addition of vegetables, fruits, and cereals (bran) to the diet. Foods with undigestible residues should be avoided. When dietary manipulations are not well tolerated, hydrophilic bulk laxatives are a useful alternative. Treatment of acute attacks consists of bowel rest and administration of intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Side effects of anticholinergics may outweigh their questionable usefulness. Nonabsorable oral sulfonamides have little or no place in the treatment of the acute attack (peridiverticulitis).
