[Circumferences to evaluate changes in body mass and amount of total fat of women in second and third trimester of pregnancy]. / Circunferencias para valorar cambios en la masa corporal y cantidad de grasa total en gestantes del segundo y tercer trimestre.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maternal nutritional state through simple anthropometric indicators as middle-arm circumference (MAC), half thigh (HTC) and calf (CC), to value changes in the body mass and quantity of total fat, in women on second and third pregnancy trimester. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 76 pregnant aged between 18 and 40 years, from suburban communities of the municipalities Baruta and The Hatillo, Venezuela were evaluated. Weigh, height, MAC, HTC and CC, besides triceps, biceps, subscapular, half thigh and calf skinfolds were measured that allowed the construction of indicators of mass and quantity of total body fat. RESULTS: The HTC and CC showed differences (p < 0.05) between second and third pregnancy trimester. Average values of MAC presented no statistical significance among the evaluated trimesters, neither the arm fat area, but the thigh fat area and calf what could explain the differences observed in the circumferences of these members among the evaluated trimesters. CONCLUSIONS: Circumferences of inferior members (half thigh and calf), probably be the variables that can be used for evaluate the anthropometric nutritional maternal status, allow to predict the possible changes in the fat component, and therefore in the body composition of pregnant.

[Muscle mass, muscle strength, and other functionality components in institutionalized older adults from Gran Caracas-Venezuela]. / Masa muscular, fuerza muscular y otros componentes de funcionalidad en adultos mayores institucionalizados de la Gran Caracas-Venezuela.

The present study has as objective to describe behavior of the different components of functionality and muscular mass, in institutionalized older people. Because levels of muscular mass have been associated with reduced levels of force, activity, functionality, depression of the immune function and increase of the morbidity and mortality risk. Were evaluated 152 elderly people older than 60 years old, men and women, of 14 geriatric centers of the Gran Caracas. Anthropometrical variable was measured to value the muscular mass and the body mass index. It was evaluated: hand isometric force, walking time 4.88 m and getting up of a seat. Descriptive statistic was carried out for all the variables, t of Student, Anova and Scheffé. It was observed that 80 years older elderly as well as, women present higher levels of disability, performed motor activities (to walk and to get up of a seat and a impair in physical conditions (lean mass and muscular strength) that interfere with functional status.