Leche humana y su efecto sobre la mineralización del esmalte: revisión de literatura

La leche materna es el alimento que provee al niño desde su nacimiento de todos los nutrientes que necesita para su crecimiento y desarrollo físico y psicológico. Su efecto sobre el tejido dental ha sido objeto de controversias, ya que se ha visto que actúa sobre la mineralización del esmalte y se ha asociado a caries de la infancia temprana. La leche humana tiene diversos componentes protectores para el esmalte dental pero al mismo tiempo contiene factores que pueden generar la pérdida de minerales. El propósito de esta revisión es exponer los elementos que producen la desmineralización y la remineralización del esmalte y proponer algunas medidas que apoyen la integridad de este tejido, así como recomendar la lactancia materna como la alimentación principal que el infante debe recibir durante el primer año de vida. La leche humana tiene diversas proteínas y elementos que ayudan en el proceso de desmineralización y remineralización del esmalte dental de la primera dentición. Se puede concluir que, la leche materna es el alimento ideal para los niños en los primeros años de vida. Por lo que hay que promover la lactancia materna como el método preferido para alimentar a los bebés. Se debe implementar la higiene desde que el primer diente erupciona en boca. Esta medida evitará que el posible efecto desmineralizante de la leche ejerza un efecto irreversible sobre el esmalte dental. Es conveniente orientar a las madres sobre el almacenamiento de la leche materna de tal manera que al ser consumida por el niño, no se encuentre acidificada, y no produzca un efecto dañino sobre el esmalte.

Breast milk provides the child of all the nutrients he needs for his growth and physical and psychological development beginning at birth. Its effect on dental tissue has been the subject of controversy, since it has been seen to act on the mineralization of enamel and has been associated with early childhood caries. Human milk has various protective components for tooth enamel but at the same time it contains factors that can cause the loss of minerals. The purpose of this review is to review the elements that produce the demineralization and remineralization of enamel and propose some measures that support the integrity of this tissue, as well as to recommend breastfeeding as the main feeding source that the infant should receive during the first year of life. Human milk has various proteins and elements that help in the process of demineralization and remineralization of the tooth enamel of first dentition. It can be concluded that, breast milk is the ideal food for children during the first years of life. Therefore, breastfeeding should be promoted as the preferred method of feeding babies. Oral hygiene should be implemented as soon as the first tooth erupts. This measure will prevent the possible demineralizing effect of milk from exerting an irreversible effect on tooth enamel. It is advisable to guide mothers on the storage of breast milk so that when consumed by the child, it is not acidified, and does not produce harmful effects on the enamel.

Comparison of two methods of PCR followed by enzymatic restriction digestion for detection and typing of herpes simplex viruses isolated from patients with mucocutaneous or cutaneous lesions.

A multitude of different polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) have been described for detection and typing of Herpes simplex virus (HSV). This paper compares two PCRs coupled to enzymatic restriction (PCR/RFLP) to detect and type HSV. A primers set was designed to amplify a HSV DNA fragment from UL30 and UL 15 genes. Typing was done by restriction of the UL30 and UL15 amplicons with Ava II and Hpa II enzymes, respectively. This strategy was tested with two reference strains (HSV-1 McIntyre, and HSV-2 G), and 47 clinical HSV isolates. Both PCRs produced the expected amplicons (a 492 bp UL30, and 305 bp UL15). The restriction of both amplicons clearly differentiated HSV- from HSV-2, and produced equal results. Thirty one (66%) of the isolates were identified as HSV-1, and the other 16 (34%), as HSV-2. Most of the HSV-1 isolates (27/31) were from orofacial and thoracic lesions; and also, one half of the HSV-2 isolates (8/16) were from the same anatomical regions. Our results showed that either of the two PCR/RFLP could be used to detect and type HSV. Furthermore, our results of the anatomical site of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are consistent with previous reports which have shown changes in the classical anatomical localization of herpesvirus infections.