ABSTRACT
Introducción. Una considerable proporción de pacientes muy ancianos con deterioro cognitivo son atendidos en las consultas generales de neurología, pero existen pocos estudios acerca de las características clínicas de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir los antecedentes y rasgos clínicos de los pacientes muy ancianos que acuden a consulta general de neurología por quejas o sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudio retrospectivamente a 336 pacientes (296 pacientes < 85 años frente a 40 pacientes ≥ 85 años) que habían sido remitidos en su mayoría desde la atención primaria. El rendimiento cognitivo se midió mediante el test minimental de Folstein, y la situación clínica global (cognitiva y funcional), mediante la escala de estatificación clínica de la demencia. Resultados. Los pacientes de más edad presentaban con mayor frecuencia deterioro cognitivo (alteración cognitiva leve o demencia), tanto en la primera visita como en la visita de seguimiento al cabo de un ano (p < 0,0005). No se encontraron diferencias en el tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas (2,0 +/- 2,1 frente a 1,5 +/- 1,4 años), el tipo de síntomas ni la comorbilidad. La enfermedad de Alzheimer fue el diagnostico etiológico final más frecuente en los dos grupos de edad (82,4% frente a 75%; p > 0,05). Conclusiones. Los pacientes muy ancianos estudiados en la consulta de neurología presentan con mayor frecuencia deterioro cognitivo, a pesar de tener un tiempo de evolución y una sintomatología similares. Estos resultados podrían explicarse desde la hipótesis de la reserva cerebral y de la patología cerebral combinada
Introduction. A considerable proportion of very elderly patients with cognitive impairment are attended in the general neurology offices. There are few studies about the clinical characteristics of these patients. Aim. To describe the background and clinical features of very elderly patients who come to the general neurology clinic due to cognitive complaints or suspected cognitive impairment. Patients and methods. We retrospectively studied 336 patients (296 patients < 85 years vs. 40 patients ≥ 85 years of age) who had been mostly referred by primary care physicians. Cognitive performance was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination and the overall (i.e., cognitive and functional) clinical situation was measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Results. Older patients had more frequently cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment or dementia), both at the first visit and at the one-year follow-up visit (p < 0.0005). No differences were found in symptom duration (2.0 +/- 2.1 vs. 1.5 +/- 1.4 years), type of symptoms, or comorbidity. Alzheimer's disease was the most frequent etiological diagnosis in both age groups (82.4% vs. 75.0%; p > 0.05). Conclusions. Very elderly patients studied in the neurology office have a higher risk of presenting cognitive impairment, despite being comparable in terms of symptoms and time of evolution. These results could be explained from the hypotheses of brain reserve and combined brain pathology
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Primary Health Care , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Dementia/etiology , Mental Status ScheduleABSTRACT
Ante el hecho de que las preferencias de las personas muy mayores no son consideradas en la planificación sanitaria, se realiza una revisión de la literatura médica para aumentar su conocimiento. Ellos piensan que la atención sanitaria que reciben es buena. Luchan por construir una relación de confianza, en la que el médico controle sus decisiones. Priman la calidad frente a la cantidad de vida, y dan importancia al bienestar y la seguridad. La mayoría expresa el deseo de ser cuidado y morir en casa. Pero cuando enferman de gravedad, quieren ser trasladados al hospital. Se debe potenciar la planificación anticipada de los cuidados para satisfacer sus necesidades, a través de conversaciones repetidas centradas en los resultados y en los objetivos del paciente. Un sistema sanitario diseñado para el anciano muy mayor debe basarse en la flexibilidad y continuidad en los cuidados, de modo que favorezca la atención en el lugar elegido (AU)
The preferences of the very elderly are not taken into account in healthcare planning. For this reason, a medical literature review was performed in order to fill the gap in appropriate information on this issue. The majority of them think that they receive good healthcare. They favour building a trusting relationship, with the physician handling their decision-making. They also maximise their quality of life at the expense of quantity, and give great importance to comfort and safety. Most of them express the wish to be cared for and die at home. But when an acute event occurs, they want to be transferred to hospital. More explicit communication must be encouraged between very elderly patients, providers, and families to meet their subjective needs, through on-going discussions, focused on expected outcomes and patient care goals. A healthcare system designed to look after them should be based on individual and flexible care, with coordination between healthcare services. Such a healthcare system could enable a growing number of them to die in their preferred conditions (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patient Preference/statistics & numerical data , Delivery of Health Care , Hospice Care/methods , Advance Care Planning/ethics , Advance Care Planning/organization & administration , Hospice Care , Terminal Care/ethics , Terminal Care/organization & administration , Social Values , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introducción. La depresión y el deterioro cognitivo mantienen una estrecha y compleja relación, que podría verse alterada por el tratamiento antidepresivo. Objetivo. Analizar la influencia de la depresión y del tratamiento antidepresivo en el diagnóstico cognitivo inicial y evolutivo de los pacientes remitidos a neurología por quejas o sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudió a todos los pacientes remitidos a una consulta de neurología por quejas o sospecha de deterioro cognitivo durante un período de nueve años. Se analizó la influencia de las variables demográficas y de las variables relacionadas con la depresión en el diagnóstico cognitivo y en la situación cognitivo-funcional inicial y tras un año de seguimiento. Resultados. Se incluyó a 582 pacientes (edad media: 77,6 ± 7 años; mujeres, 64,9%). La frecuencia de depresión actual o en el pasado era, respectivamente, del 25,4% y 17,2%. El 20,6% de los pacientes recibía tratamiento con fármacos antidepresivos y el 31,2% tomaba ansiolíticos/hipnóticos. Se dispuso de seguimiento al cabo de un año en 320 pacientes (59,8%). En el análisis ajustado, el tratamiento ansiolítico/hipnótico se asoció a una peor situación cognitiva y funcional inicial, mientras que la depresión en el pasado y la presencia de distimia en la visita inicial se asociaron a una evolución favorable (p < 0,05). Conclusiones. La depresión pasada o actual no es un factor de mal pronóstico en los pacientes remitidos al neurólogo por posible deterioro cognitivo (AU)
Introduction. Depression and cognitive impairment maintain a close and complex relationship, which could be modified by pharmacological treatment. Aim. To analyze the influence of depression and antidepressive medication on the initial diagnosis and the evolution of cognitive impairment. Patients and methods. All the patients derived to a Neurology clinic due to complaints or suspicion of cognitive impairment, during a period of nine years, were studied. The influence of demographic and depression-related variables on initial cognitive diagnosis, cognitive-functional situation and 1-year evolution were analyzed. Results. A total of 582 patients were included (mean age: 77.6 ± 7.0; 64.9% women). Frequency of current and past depression were, respectively, 25.4% and 17.2%. In addition, 20.6% of the patients were taking antidepressant medication and 31.2% were on anxiolytic/hypnotic treatment. One-year follow-up visit was available in 320 (59.8%) of patients. In the adjusted analysis, anxiolytic/hypnotic treatment was associated with a worse cognitive-functional situation in the initial visit, while past depression and presence of dystimia were associated with a favorable evolution (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Past or current depression are not associated with bad prognosis in patients derived to neurologist due to possible cognitive impairment (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression/complications , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Dementia/diagnosis , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The preferences of the very elderly are not taken into account in healthcare planning. For this reason, a medical literature review was performed in order to fill the gap in appropriate information on this issue. The majority of them think that they receive good healthcare. They favour building a trusting relationship, with the physician handling their decision-making. They also maximise their quality of life at the expense of quantity, and give great importance to comfort and safety. Most of them express the wish to be cared for and die at home. But when an acute event occurs, they want to be transferred to hospital. More explicit communication must be encouraged between very elderly patients, providers, and families to meet their subjective needs, through on-going discussions, focused on expected outcomes and patient care goals. A healthcare system designed to look after them should be based on individual and flexible care, with coordination between healthcare services. Such a healthcare system could enable a growing number of them to die in their preferred conditions.
