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1.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(7): 433-441, oct. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-93364

ABSTRACT

La importancia de la parada cardiaca como problema sanitario hace que la formación en las técnicas de resucitación constituya un tema de gran interés. Es necesario potenciarla formación en resucitación de todos los ciudadanos y que ésta se inicie en las escuelas y en los institutos, siendo dianas de la formación para convertirse en futuros instructores los maestros y los enfermeros. Parece demostrado que el modelo de cursos cortos con video instrucción y utilización de maniquíes es de gran utilidad para la difusión de las técnicas de resucitación. Parece conveniente la liberalización de la utilización de los desfibriladores externos automáticos (DEA) y la reducción de las exigencias formativas en soporte vital básico y DEA para aquellos profesionales no sanitarios que puedan utilizarlos. La formación a nivel sanitario debe mejorarse en las escuelas de medicina y enfermería a nivel de pregrado. Los profesionales sanitarios deberán recibir una formación acorde a sus necesidades y deberá destacarse el desarrollo de habilidades no técnicas, como el liderazgo y el trabajo en equipo. El modelo formativo con la utilización de instructores y maniquíes de baja fidelidad sigue siendo un elemento básico y fundamental en la formación. La formación mediante la evaluación del desempeño es una técnica que debe implantarse en todas aquellas áreas donde se presenten casos de parada cardiaca y el equipo de profesionales sanitarios haya intervenido. La simulación parece orientarse como la técnica actual y futura para la formación en distintos ámbitos sanitarios y, cómo no, dentro de este importante campo como es el de la resucitación. Finalmente, la investigación en formación en resucitación debe ser considerada como un claro ejemplo de ciencia translacional, en la que estudios rigurosos de adquisición de habilidades con medida de resultados, trasladen las mismas al entorno clínico, para el análisis de su repercusión sobre la atención de los pacientes (AU)


Abstract The importance of cardiac arrest as a health problem makes training in resuscitationa topic of great interest. It is necessary to enhance resuscitation training for all citizens,starting in schools and institutes, targeting teachers and nurses for training, to in turn become future trainers. The model of short courses with video-instruction and the use of mannequins isuseful for the dissemination of resuscitation techniques. Liberalization of the use of automated external defibrillators (AED) and reduction of the training requirements in basic life support and AED for those non-health professionals who can use them, seems appropriate. Training must be improved in schools of medicine and nursing schools at undergraduate level. Health professionals should be trained according to their needs, with emphasis on non-technical skills such as leadership and teamwork. The model based on the use of trainers and low-fidelity mannequinsremains a basic and fundamental element in training. Training through performance evaluationis a technique that should be implemented in all areas where cases of cardiac arrest are seen and the healthcare team has intervened. Simulation appears to be defined as the current and future modality for training in various medical areas, including of course the important field of resuscitation. Lastly, research in resuscitation training should be considered an example of translational science, where rigorous studies of skill acquisition with outcome measures serveto transfer the results to the clinical environment for analysis of their impact upon patient care(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Arrest/therapy , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Health Education/methods , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/education , Professional Training
2.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(6): 373-387, ago.-sept. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-98599

ABSTRACT

Se presentan a continuación algunas de las novedades más importantes en soporte vital avanzado que incorporan las nuevas recomendaciones internacionales en resucitación de 2010. Se destacan los aspectos relacionados con la prevención y detección precoz de la parada cardiaca intrahospitalaria, la resucitación en el hospital, el nuevo algoritmo de soporte vital avanzado, las técnicas y dispositivos de resucitación cardiopulmonar, los cuidados posresucitación, la valoración del pronóstico de los pacientes que sobreviven inicialmente a la parada y aspectos específicos relativos a la donación de órganos a corazón parado y la creación de centros de referencia de parada cardiaca (AU)


We present some of the most important developments in advanced life supportin corporating the new international recommendations for resuscitation 2010. The study highlights aspects related to prevention and early detection of in-hospital cardiac arrest, resuscitation in the hospital, the new advanced life support algorithm, the techniques and devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, post-resuscitation care, assessment of the prognosis of patients who survive initially, and specific aspects of non-beating heart organ donation and the creation of cardiac arrest referral centers (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/methods , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/standards , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/instrumentation , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Heart Arrest/therapy , Prognosis , Algorithms
3.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(5): 299-306, jun.-jul. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-92810

ABSTRACT

Durante la resucitación, el soporte vital básico (SVB) y la desfibrilación externa automática hacen referencia a las maniobras de mantenimiento de la permeabilidad de la vía aérea, el apoyo de la respiración y de la circulación, sin el uso de otro equipo que un dispositivo de barrera, y el uso de un desfibrilador externo automático (DEA). Se presentan a continuación algunas de las novedades más importantes que incorporan las nuevas recomendaciones internacionales en resucitación de 2010. Se destacan los aspectos relacionados con la prevención y detección precoz de la parada cardiaca, el papel importante de los teleoperadores de los servicios de emergencias médicas, la importancia de la resucitación cardiopulmonar de alta calidad y de los programas de acceso público a la desfibrilación. Se presentan las secuencias de actuación y algoritmos de soporte vital básico y desfibrilación externa semiautomática (AU)


During resuscitation, basic life support (BLS) and automated external defibrillationrefer to maneuvers designed to maintain airway patency and support breathing and circulationwithout equipment other than a barrier device and the use of an automated external defibrillator(AED). We present some of the most important developments incorporated to the newinternational recommendations for resuscitation 2010. Aspects related to prevention and earlydetection of cardiac arrest are highlighted, along with the important role of dispatchers ofemergency medical services, the importance of high quality CPR and programs of public accessdefibrillation. We likewise describe sequences of action and basic life support algorithms, andsemi-automated external defibrillation (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Arrest/therapy , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Electric Countershock/methods , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/methods , Hotlines , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Universal Access to Health Care Services
4.
Med Intensiva ; 35(7): 433-41, 2011 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21543134

ABSTRACT

The importance of cardiac arrest as a health problem makes training in resuscitation a topic of great interest. It is necessary to enhance resuscitation training for all citizens, starting in schools and institutes, targeting teachers and nurses for training, to in turn become future trainers. The model of short courses with video-instruction and the use of mannequins is useful for the dissemination of resuscitation techniques. Liberalization of the use of automated external defibrillators (AED) and reduction of the training requirements in basic life support and AED for those non-health professionals who can use them, seems appropriate. Training must be improved in schools of medicine and nursing schools at undergraduate level. Health professionals should be trained according to their needs, with emphasis on non-technical skills such as leadership and teamwork. The model based on the use of trainers and low-fidelity mannequins remains a basic and fundamental element in training. Training through performance evaluation is a technique that should be implemented in all areas where cases of cardiac arrest are seen and the healthcare team has intervened. Simulation appears to be defined as the current and future modality for training in various medical areas, including of course the important field of resuscitation. Lastly, research in resuscitation training should be considered an example of translational science, where rigorous studies of skill acquisition with outcome measures serve to transfer the results to the clinical environment for analysis of their impact upon patient care.


Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education , Age Factors , Audiovisual Aids , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Defibrillators , Electric Countershock/methods , First Aid/methods , Health Personnel/education , Heart Arrest/therapy , Humans , Manikins , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Spain , Teaching Materials , Volunteers/education , Volunteers/legislation & jurisprudence
5.
Med Intensiva ; 35(6): 373-87, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21543133

ABSTRACT

We present some of the most important developments in advanced life support incorporating the new international recommendations for resuscitation 2010. The study highlights aspects related to prevention and early detection of in-hospital cardiac arrest, resuscitation in the hospital, the new advanced life support algorithm, the techniques and devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, post-resuscitation care, assessment of the prognosis of patients who survive initially, and specific aspects of non-beating heart organ donation and the creation of cardiac arrest referral centers.


Subject(s)
Advanced Cardiac Life Support/methods , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/standards , Algorithms , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/instrumentation , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Heart Arrest/therapy , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prognosis
6.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(4): 249-255, mayo 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-92798

ABSTRACT

Resumen El documento de Consenso sobre la Ciencia de la Resucitación y Cuidados Cardiacosde Emergencia con Recomendaciones de Tratamiento del ILCOR constituye una herramientainestimable para conocer de una manera rápida, sencilla y rigurosa la evidencia en la quese basan las Guías de Resucitación 2010. Se presenta el método que se ha utilizado en elprocedimiento de revisión según la medicina basada en la evidencia, que puede considerarseun modelo a seguir para la utilización tanto individual como colectiva en la práctica clínica nosólo en el campo de la resucitación, sino en otras áreas de la medicina (AU)


Abstract The consensus document on the Science of Resuscitation and Emergency CardiacCare with ILCOR Treatment Recommendations is an invaluable tool for quickly, simply and rigorouslyestablishing the evidence on which the Resuscitation Guidelines 2010 are fundamented.We present a method that has been used in the review process according to evidence-basedmedicine, which can be considered a role model for both individual and collective use in clinicalpractice, not only in the field of resuscitation but also in other areas of medicine (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Arrest/therapy , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Evidence-Based Medicine , Consensus , Practice Patterns, Physicians'
7.
Med Intensiva ; 35(4): 249-55, 2011 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21496962

ABSTRACT

The consensus document on the Science of Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care with ILCOR Treatment Recommendations is an invaluable tool for quickly, simply and rigorously establishing the evidence on which the Resuscitation Guidelines 2010 are fundamented. We present a method that has been used in the review process according to evidence-based medicine, which can be considered a role model for both individual and collective use in clinical practice, not only in the field of resuscitation but also in other areas of medicine.


Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Consensus , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Practice Guidelines as Topic , American Heart Association , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/standards , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/trends , Conflict of Interest , Europe , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Heart Arrest/therapy , Humans , Organizational Policy , Policy Making , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Quality of Health Care/standards , Societies, Medical/standards , United States
8.
Med Intensiva ; 35(5): 299-306, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21496965

ABSTRACT

During resuscitation, basic life support (BLS) and automated external defibrillation refer to maneuvers designed to maintain airway patency and support breathing and circulation without equipment other than a barrier device and the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). We present some of the most important developments incorporated to the new international recommendations for resuscitation 2010. Aspects related to prevention and early detection of cardiac arrest are highlighted, along with the important role of dispatchers of emergency medical services, the importance of high quality CPR and programs of public access defibrillation. We likewise describe sequences of action and basic life support algorithms, and semi-automated external defibrillation.


Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Defibrillators , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic
9.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(2): 107-126, mar. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-81255

ABSTRACT

Desde el advenimiento de la resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP), hace más de 40 años, se ha conseguido que cada vez una mayor proporción de pacientes con parada cardiorrespiratoria logren la recuperación de la circulación espontánea (RCE). Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos pacientes fallecen en los primeros días tras su ingreso en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), y esta situación no ha mejorado en estos años. La mortalidad de estos pacientes se asocia en gran medida a daño cerebral. Posiblemente, el reconocimiento de que la RCP no se acaba con la RCE, sino con el retorno de la función cerebral normal y la estabilización total del paciente, nos ayudará a mejorar el tratamiento terapéutico de estos pacientes en las UCI. En este sentido, parece más apropiado el término «resucitación cardiocerebral», como proponen algunos autores. Recientemente, el Internacional Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) ha publicado un documento de consenso sobre el «síndrome posparada cardíaca» y diversos autores han propuesto que los cuidados posparada se integren como un quinto eslabón de la cadena de supervivencia, tras la alerta precoz, la RCP precoz por testigos, la desfibrilación precoz y el soporte vital avanzado precoz. El manejo terapéutico de los pacientes que recuperan la circulación espontánea tras las maniobras de RCP basada en medidas de soporte vital y una serie de actuaciones improvisadas basadas en el «juicio clínico» puede que no sea la mejor forma de tratar a los pacientes con «síndrome posparada cardíaca». Estudios recientes indican que el tratamiento de estos pacientes mediante protocolos guiados por objetivos -incluyendo las medidas terapéuticas que han demostrado su eficacia, como la hipotermia terapéutica inducida leve y la revascularización precoz, cuando esté indicada- puede mejorar notablemente el pronóstico de éstos. Dado que en el momento actual no existe un protocolo basado en la evidencia universalmente aceptado, el Comité Directivo del Plan Nacional de RCP de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), tras una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica sobre el tema, seguida de una discusión en línea entre todos los miembros del comité y una reunión de consenso, ha elaborado el presente documento con la intención de que pueda servir como base para el desarrollo de protocolos locales en las diferentes UCI de nuestro país, teniendo en cuenta sus medios y sus características propias (AU)


Since the advent of cardiopulmonary resuscitation more than 40 years ago, we have achieved a return to spontaneous circulation in a growing proportion of patients with cardiac arrest. Nevertheless, most of these patients die in the first few days after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and this situation has not improved over the years. Mortality in these patients is mainly associated to brain damage. Perhaps recognizing that cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not end with the return of spontaneous circulation but rather with the return of normal brain function and total stabilization of the patient would help improve the therapeutic management of these patients in the ICU. In this sense, the term cardiocerebral resuscitation proposed by some authors might be more appropriate. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recently published a consensus document on the «Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome» and diverse authors have proposed that post-arrest care be integrated as the fifth link in the survival chain, after early warning, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation by witnesses, early defibrillation, and early advanced life support. The therapeutic management of patients that recover spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers based on life support measures and a series of improvised actions based on «clinical judgment» might not be the best way to treat patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Recent studies indicate that using goal-guided protocols to manage these patients including therapeutic measures of proven efficacy, such as inducing mild therapeutic hypothermia and early revascularization, when indicated, can improve the prognosis considerably in these patients. Given that there is no current protocol based on universally accepted evidence, the Steering Committee of the National Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Plan of the Spanish Society of Intensive Medicine and Cardiac Units has elaborated this document after a thorough review of the literature and an online discussion involving all the members of the committee and a consensus meeting with the aim of providing a platform for the development of local protocols in different ICSs in our country to fit their own means and characteristics (AU)


Subject(s)
Critical Care/methods , Heart Arrest/therapy , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/methods , Algorithms , Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage , Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Heart Arrest/complications , Hypothermia, Induced , Intensive Care Units , Advanced Cardiac Life Support/standards , Myocardial Revascularization , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Monitoring, Physiologic/standards , Syndrome
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