ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrument to detect violence against women that has been widely used in several countries. Despite this instrument's importance in identifying intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW), it has not been adapted for the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the WHO violence against women instrument in a sample in Spain, facilitating the detection of IPVAW in this context and comparisons between countries. METHOD: After the instrument was translated and adapted into Spanish, 532 women from the general population in Spain completed it. The initial instrument consisted of 28 items. We deleted three items due to low internal consistency, resulting in 25 items in the final version. RESULTS: Suitable internal consistency was obtained through Confirmatory Factorial Analysis for physical (α = .92), psychological (α = .91), sexual (α = .86), and control behaviors subscales (α = .91) as well as for the total scale (α = .95). The instrument revealed highly prevalent IPVAW in our sample (79.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Spanish version of the WHO violence against women instrument in Spain seems justified.
Subject(s)
Intimate Partner Violence , Humans , Female , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Violence , Spain , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrument to detect violence against women thathas been widely used in several countries. Despite this instruments importance in identifying intimate partner violenceagainst women (IPVAW), it has not been adapted for the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to adaptand validate the WHO violence against women instrument in a sample in Spain, facilitating the detection of IPVAWin this context and comparisons between countries. Method: After the instrument was translated and adapted intoSpanish, 532 women from the general population in Spain completed it. The initial instrument consisted of 28 items.We deleted three items due to low internal consistency, resulting in 25 items in the final version. Results: Suitableinternal consistency was obtained through Confirmatory Factorial Analysis for physical (α = .92), psychological (α =.91), sexual (α = .86), and control behaviors subscales (α = .91) as well as for the total scale (α = .95). The instrumentrevealed highly prevalent IPVAW in our sample (79.7%). Conclusions: The use of the Spanish version of the WHOviolence against women instrument in Spain seems justified.(AU)
Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) desarrolló un instrumento para detectar la violenciade género (VG) que ha sido ampliamente utilizado en varios países. A pesar de la importancia del instrumento paraidentificar la VG, éste no ha sido adaptado en población española. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validarel instrumento de VG de la OMS en España, facilitando la detección de la VG en este contexto y la comparaciónentre países. Método: 532 mujeres de la población general en España completaron el instrumento tras su traducción yadaptación al español. El instrumento inicial constaba de 28 ítems. Se eliminaron tres ítems debido a su baja consistenciainterna, resultando un total de 25 ítems en la versión final. Resultados: Se obtuvo una adecuada consistencia internamediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio para las subescalas de violencia física (α = .92), psicológica (α = .91), sexual(α = .86) y en conductas de control (α = .91), así como en la escala total (α = .95). El instrumento reveló alta prevalenciade VG (79,7%). Conclusiones: El uso de la versión española del instrumento de VG contra las mujeres de la OMS,justifican su uso en España.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Psychometrics , Gender-Based Violence , Violence Against Women , Spouse Abuse , Spain , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative arterial hypotension is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. The Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) developed using machine learning techniques, allows the prediction of arterial hypotension analysing the arterial pressure waveform. The use of this index may reduce the duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery. This study aims to determine whether a treatment protocol based on the prevention of arterial hypotension using the HPI algorithm reduces the duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension compared with the recommended goal-directed fluid therapy strategy and may improve tissue oxygenation and organ perfusion. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (N=80) in high-risk surgical patients scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery. All participants will be randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. Haemodynamic management in the control group will be based on standard haemodynamic parameters. Haemodynamic management of patients in the intervention group will be based on functional haemodynamic parameters provided by the HemoSphere platform (Edwards Lifesciences), including dynamic arterial elastance, dP/dtmax and the HPI. Tissue oxygen saturation will be recorded non-invasively and continuously by using near-infrared spectroscopy technology. Biomarkers of acute kidney stress (cTIMP2 and IGFBP7) will be obtained before and after surgery. The primary outcome will be the intraoperative time-weighted average of a mean arterial pressure <65 mm Hg. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hospital Gregorio Marañón (Meeting of 27 July 2020, minutes 18/2020, Madrid, Spain). Findings will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04301102.
Subject(s)
Hypotension , Arterial Pressure , Elective Surgical Procedures , Hemodynamics , Humans , Hypotension/diagnosis , Hypotension/etiology , Hypotension/prevention & control , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Perfusion , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
El consumo de sustancias con el fin de producir algún tipo de alteración de la percepción y de la conducta es inherente a la especie humana, tal y como podemos comprobar en los distintos periodos temporales de la historia humana. Desde la recolección de miel y la elaboración de hidromiel, el consumo de adormidera o de plantas antiálgicas en la prehistoria; pasando por el vino, la cerveza, el opio, el beleño y la mandrágora en la antigüedad; los destilados del vino y el café en la edad media; el láudano, el aguardiente, las colas y el tabaco en el renacimiento; hasta la cocaína en el s. XIX, parece que el ser humano siempre ha tenido cerca la ayuda de sustancias estimulantes, sedantes, anestésicas o alucinógenas, con usos que van desde fines ritualísticos hasta fines sociales, y que eran consumidos tanto de forma institucionalizada como de forma casera, observando que es habitual el inicio del consumo con cierto control hasta que deviene a un consumo casero o lúdico. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar cómo estas sustancias caseras o cotidianas se han venido presentando en los principales periodos históricos y que, aunque pudieran considerarse alimentos, producían otros efectos muy oportunos en ocasiones (AU)
Substance use in order to produce some kind of alteration of perception and behaviour is inherent in the human species, as we can see in the different periods in human history. From honey collection and hydromel making, consumption of poppy or antalgic plants in prehistory, through wine, beer, opium, henbane and mandrake in ancient times, wine distillates and coffee in the Middle Ages, laudanum, spirits, cola nuts and tobacco in the Renaissance, to cocaine in the XIX century, it seems that humans have always had at hand the aid of stimulants, sedatives, anaesthetic or hallucinogenic substances, with uses ranging from ritualistic to social purposes, and that they were consumed on both an institutionalized basis or at home, noting that the usual pattern is initiation with some control until this turns into domestic or recreational use. The aim of this paper is to present how these commonplace or household substances have come forward in the main historical periods and, although they could be considered foodstuffs, to show how they occasionally produced other very opportune effects (AU)
