Mejora de la planificación de las cirugías endoscópicas nasosinusales a partir de imágenes en 3 dimensiones con Osirix (R) y estereolitografía / Improved planning of endoscopic sinonasal surgery from 3-dimensional images with Osirix(R) and stereolithography

Introducción y objetivos: La elevada variabilidad anatómica de los senos paranasales requiere disponer del mejor conocimiento de su conformación tridimensional para afrontar la cirugía con mayor seguridad y eficiencia. El objetivo del estudio fue validar la utilidad de Osirix® y la estereolitografía en la mejora de la planificación de las cirugías endoscópicas nasosinusales. Métodos: Se utilizó Osirix® como visor y gestor de imágenes DICOM en 3 dimensiones (3D) en la planificación de 114 cirugías endoscópicas nasosinusales por poliposis (86) y rinosinusitis crónica (28) junto con prototipos rápidos estereolitográficos en 7 mucoceles frontoetmoidales. Resultados: Se identificaron mayor número de estructuras anatómicas, más rápidamente y con una correlación clínico-radiológica estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,01) a favor de Osirix y estereolitografía, que con placas en 2D de la TAC. Con una participación de los residentes superior al 75% de la cirugía, se redujo el tiempo quirúrgico en 38 ± 12,3 min en sinusitis crónicas y en 42 ± 27,9 en poliposis nasosinusales, alcanzando los residentes de cuarto año una competencia quirúrgica del 100% en los hitos quirúrgicos cruciales con 16 cirugías (IC: 12-19). Conclusiones: La utilización sistemática de Osirix® para visualización y tratamiento autónomo de imágenes nasosinusales en 3D desde archivos DICOM permite a los cirujanos efectuar las cirugías endoscópicas nasosinusales con mayor confianza y seguridad y en menos tiempo que utilizando imágenes en 2D. Los residentes también alcanzan la competencia quirúrgica más rápidamente, con mayor seguridad y con menos complicaciones. La mejora en la planificación se incrementa cuando el equipo quirúrgico dispone de prototipos rápidos estereolitográficos en los casos de mayor complejidad (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The high variability of sinonasal anatomy requires the best knowledge of its three-dimensional (3D) conformation to perform surgery more safely and efficiently. The aim of the study was to validate the utility of Osirix® and stereolithography in improving endoscopic sinonasal surgery planning. Methods: Osirix® was used as a viewer and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) 3D imaging manager to improve planning for 114 sinonasal endoscopic operations with polyposis (86) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) (28). Stereolithography rapid prototyping was used for 7 frontoethmoidal mucoceles. Results: Using Osirix® and stereolithography, a greater number of anatomical structures were identified and this was done faster, with a statistically-significant clinical-radiological correlation (P<.01) compared with 2D CT plates. With a share of more than 75% of surgery performed by residents, surgical time was reduced by 38 ± 12.3 min in CRS and 42 ± 27.9 in sinonasal polyposis. The fourth-year residents reached 100% surgical competence in critical surgical milestones with 16 surgeries (CI 12-19). Conclusions: The systematic use of Osirix® for visualisation and treatment of 3D sinonasal images from DICOM data files, along with the surgical team's ability to manipulate them as virtual reality, allows surgeons to perform endoscopic sinonasal surgery with greater confidence and in less time than using 2D images. Residents also achieve surgical competence faster, more safely and with fewer complications. This beneficial impact is increased when the surgical team has stereolithography rapid prototyping in more complex cases (AU)

Alteraciones emocionales y psicopatológicas en pacientes oncológicos laringectomizados / Emotional and psychopathological disorders in laryngectomized oncological patients

Introducción y objetivos: Se desconoce si afrontar un cáncer de laringe y someterse a laringectomía total son experiencias tan impactantes emocionalmente para el paciente como los cánceres de otras localizaciones. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la incidencia de sufrimiento emocional y psicológico en pacientes laringectomizados y describir sus matices sintomatológicos. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo de la respuesta emocional y psicopatológica de 100 pacientes oncológicos sometidos a laringectomía total, evaluados inmediatamente tras la cirugía (N = 35), al iniciar la rehabilitación comunicativa (N = 23) y a los 5 años del diagnóstico (N = 42) frente a un grupo control de 55 sujetos sanos. La batería de evaluación psicopatológica para ansiedad, depresión, trastorno por estrés postraumático, intrusión, evitación y excitación constó de una entrevista específica, la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) y el Inventario de Estrés Postraumático (IES-R). Resultados: Los pacientes laringectomizados presentaron baja incidencia de alteraciones emocionales y psicológicas como ansiedad (6,9%), depresión (5,9%) y/o trastorno por estrés postraumático (28,4%) con intensidad suficiente para constituir un diagnóstico psicopatológico. Un 57,4% de los pacientes presentaba malestar emocional difuso de carácter postraumático (el 52,6% de ellos), más prevalente e intenso en el grupo en rehabilitación. Conclusiones. Los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y trastorno por estrés postraumático tras una laringectomía total no son de suficiente intensidad y cualidad para constituir entidades clínicas diagnosticables, sino cuadros de trastorno adaptativo. Son menores que los de pacientes afectados por cáncer de otras localizaciones y se presentan fundamentalmente en la fase de rehabilitación, donde deberían centrarse las actuaciones psicológicas preventivas y de apoyo (AU)

Introduction and objectives: It is unknown if patients who suffer from laryngeal cancer and undergo total laryngectomy experience as much emotional shock and psychological distress as patients with cancers in other locations do. The aim of the study was to identify the incidence of emotional and psychological disorders in laryngectomized patients and describe their symptomatological nuances. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of emotional and psychopathological response of 100 cancer patients undergoing total laryngectomy was performed. The patients were evaluated immediately after surgery (n = 35), when initiating communicative rehabilitation (n = 23) and 5 years after diagnosis (n = 42), versus a control of 55 healthy subjects. Psychopathological assessment battery for anxiety, depression, intrusion, avoidance, arousal and posttraumatic stress disorder consisted of a specific interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results: Laryngectomized patients had low incidence of emotional and psychological disorders such as anxiety (6.9%), depression (5.9%) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (28.4%), but with sufficient intensity to constitute a psychopathological diagnosis. A significant level of distress was found in 57.4% of patients, with clear diffuse traumatic nature in 52.6% of them, which was more prevalent and intense in the rehabilitation group. Conclusions: Symptoms of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder during different stages after total laryngectomy are not of sufficient intensity and quality to be diagnosable clinical entities; they can be considered an adaptive disorder. The symptoms are less than those of patients with cancer in other locations and appear mostly in the rehabilitation stage, where preventive performances and psychological support should be focused (AU)

Improved planning of endoscopic sinonasal surgery from 3-dimensional images with Osirix® and stereolithography.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The high variability of sinonasal anatomy requires the best knowledge of its three-dimensional (3D) conformation to perform surgery more safely and efficiently. The aim of the study was to validate the utility of Osirix® and stereolithography in improving endoscopic sinonasal surgery planning. METHODS: Osirix® was used as a viewer and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) 3D imaging manager to improve planning for 114 sinonasal endoscopic operations with polyposis (86) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) (28). Stereolithography rapid prototyping was used for 7 frontoethmoidal mucoceles. RESULTS: Using Osirix® and stereolithography, a greater number of anatomical structures were identified and this was done faster, with a statistically-significant clinical-radiological correlation (P<.01) compared with 2D CT plates. With a share of more than 75% of surgery performed by residents, surgical time was reduced by 38±12.3min in CRS and 42±27.9 in sinonasal polyposis. The fourth-year residents reached 100% surgical competence in critical surgical milestones with 16 surgeries (CI 12-19). CONCLUSIONS: The systematic use of Osirix® for visualisation and treatment of 3D sinonasal images from DICOM data files, along with the surgical team's ability to manipulate them as virtual reality, allows surgeons to perform endoscopic sinonasal surgery with greater confidence and in less time than using 2D images. Residents also achieve surgical competence faster, more safely and with fewer complications. This beneficial impact is increased when the surgical team has stereolithography rapid prototyping in more complex cases.

Emotional and psychopathological disorders in laryngectomized oncological patients.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: It is unknown if patients who suffer from laryngeal cancer and undergo total laryngectomy experience as much emotional shock and psychological distress as patients with cancers in other locations do. The aim of the study was to identify the incidence of emotional and psychological disorders in laryngectomized patients and describe their symptomatological nuances. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study of emotional and psychopathological response of 100 cancer patients undergoing total laryngectomy was performed. The patients were evaluated immediately after surgery (n=35), when initiating communicative rehabilitation (n=23) and 5 years after diagnosis (n=42), versus a control of 55 healthy subjects. Psychopathological assessment battery for anxiety, depression, intrusion, avoidance, arousal and posttraumatic stress disorder consisted of a specific interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). RESULTS: Laryngectomized patients had low incidence of emotional and psychological disorders such as anxiety (6.9%), depression (5.9%) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (28.4%), but with sufficient intensity to constitute a psychopathological diagnosis. A significant level of distress was found in 57.4% of patients, with clear diffuse traumatic nature in 52.6% of them, which was more prevalent and intense in the rehabilitation group. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder during different stages after total laryngectomy are not of sufficient intensity and quality to be diagnosable clinical entities; they can be considered an adaptive disorder. The symptoms are less than those of patients with cancer in other locations and appear mostly in the rehabilitation stage, where preventive performances and psychological support should be focused.