Deep Equatorial Pacific Ocean Oxygenation and Atmospheric CO2 Over The Last Ice Age.

Ventilation of carbon stored in the deep ocean is thought to play an important role in atmospheric CO2 increases associated with Pleistocene deglaciations. The presence of this respired carbon has been recorded by an array of paleoceanographic proxies from various locations across the global ocean. Here we present a new sediment core from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean spanning the last 180,000 years and reconstruct high-resolution 230Th-derived fluxes of 232Th and excess barium, along with redox-sensitive uranium concentrations to examine past variations in dust delivery, export productivity, and bottom-water oxygenation, respectively. Our bottom-water oxygenation record is compared to other similar high-resolution records from across the Pacific and in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that the deep Pacific is a site of respired carbon storage associated with periods of decreased global atmospheric CO2 concentration during the LGM, confirming the conclusions from a wealth of previous studies. However, our study is the first to show a similar relationship beyond the last glacial, extending to at least 70,000 years.

Impact of abrupt deglacial climate change on tropical Atlantic subsurface temperatures.

Both instrumental data analyses and coupled ocean-atmosphere models indicate that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is tightly linked to abrupt tropical North Atlantic (TNA) climate change through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. Although a slowdown of AMOC results in an atmospheric-induced surface cooling in the entire TNA, the subsurface experiences an even larger warming because of rapid reorganizations of ocean circulation patterns at intermediate water depths. Here, we reconstruct high-resolution temperature records using oxygen isotope values and Mg/Ca ratios in both surface- and subthermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core located in the TNA over the last 22 ky. Our results show significant changes in the vertical thermal gradient of the upper water column, with the warmest subsurface temperatures of the last deglacial transition corresponding to the onset of the Younger Dryas. Furthermore, we present new analyses of a climate model simulation forced with freshwater discharge into the North Atlantic under Last Glacial Maximum forcings and boundary conditions that reveal a maximum subsurface warming in the vicinity of the core site and a vertical thermal gradient change at the onset of AMOC weakening, consistent with the reconstructed record. Together, our proxy reconstructions and modeling results provide convincing evidence for a subsurface oceanic teleconnection linking high-latitude North Atlantic climate to the tropical Atlantic during periods of reduced AMOC across the last deglacial transition.