ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for urinary retention (UR) in frail, elderly patients, to determine its prevalence, and to assess the validity of the use of the BladderScan BVI 2500+ ultrasound scanner to measure postvoid residual urine volumes of > or = 150 ml. Probable UR was defined as two consecutive ultrasound scans with postvoid residual urine estimations of > or = 150 ml. The estimates were confirmed by in- and out-catheterization of actual postvoid residual urine (PVR). Risk factors for UR were the independent variables used in the regression analysis. Nineteen of the 167 people (11%) had UR. The risk of UR was greatest among patients who were older, or who were on anticholinergic medication, or who had diabetes of long standing, or who had fecal impaction. The correlation between paired scans and catheter volumes of > or = 150 ml was 0.87. The results suggest that the BladderScan BVI 2500+ ultrasound scanner, when used by trained nursing staff, provides conservative and valid estimates of PVR of > or = 150 ml in people undergoing geriatric rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Geriatric Assessment , Geriatric Nursing/standards , Nursing Homes , Urinary Retention , Aged , Female , Frail Elderly , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Rehabilitation Nursing , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Urinary Bladder/ultrastructure , Urinary Retention/diagnosis , Urinary Retention/epidemiology , Urinary Retention/rehabilitationABSTRACT
Six models of single-use dust respirators were evaluated for NaCl aerosol leakage while being worn by human test subjects. The respirators were evaluated for their ability to fit a wide range of facial sizes, for changes in efficiency after storage in a humid atmosphere; and for consistency of protection when worn for a six-hour work shift. Results indicate that only two of the six models tested provided a protection factor of 5 to all members of a 10 person test panel. Storage in a humid atmosphere had no detectable effect on five of the models, while one showed a decrease in the level of protection offered. Throughout a 6 hour work shift, four of the six models provided a consistent level of protection, while two showed variations in the level of protection offered.
