ABSTRACT
We formulate a technique for the detection of functional clusters in discrete event data. The advantage of this algorithm is that no prior knowledge of the number of functional groups is needed, as our procedure progressively combines data traces and derives the optimal clustering cutoff in a simple and intuitive manner through the use of surrogate data sets. In order to demonstrate the power of this algorithm to detect changes in network dynamics and connectivity, we apply it to both simulated neural spike train data and real neural data obtained from the mouse hippocampus during exploration and slow-wave sleep. Using the simulated data, we show that our algorithm performs better than existing methods. In the experimental data, we observe state-dependent clustering patterns consistent with known neurophysiological processes involved in memory consolidation.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Cluster Analysis , Neurons/physiology , Action Potentials , Animals , Artificial Intelligence , Computer Simulation , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Hippocampus/physiology , Information Theory , Memory/physiology , Mice , Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods , Poisson Distribution , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Sleep/physiologyABSTRACT
The thoracic perioperative specialty team members at Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Va, designed guidelines to improve the management of patients with esophageal perforations. They performed a retrospective analysis of 41 patients who were diagnosed with thoracic esophageal perforations from Sept 1, 1979, through Sept 1, 1996. The review affirmed their philosophy of aggressive, surgical intervention for perforations, particularly for patients diagnosed early (i.e., within 24 hours). The process of examining and communicating the results among OR nurses, anesthesia care providers, and surgeons resulted in the increased efficiency and appropriateness with which patients were incorporated into the hospital's surgical and medical treatment groups.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Perforation/nursing , Perioperative Nursing , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Esophageal Perforation/diagnosis , Esophageal Perforation/etiology , Esophageal Perforation/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Perioperative Nursing/organization & administration , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A new surgical approach, bilateral lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), offers hope for select patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE). Bilateral LVRS procedures involve excision of emphysematous alveoli, which results in a 20% to 30% reduction in the volume of each lung. The goal of LVRS is to improve the respiratory mechanics of patients with CPE by reexpanding functional lung tissue compressed by overdistended emphysematous alveoli, restoring diaphragmatic mobility, and improving the bellows function of the chest wall structures. Patients undergoing bilateral LVRS procedures experience relief from chronic dyspnea and may note improved pulmonary functions and better quality of life.
