Bladder cancer in Spain 2011: population based study.

PURPOSE: We estimate the annual incidence of bladder cancer in Spain and describe the clinical profile of patients with bladder cancer enrolled in a population based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the structure of the Spanish National Health System as a basis, in 2011 the AEU (Spanish Association of Urology) conducted this study with a representative sample from 26 public hospitals and a reference population of 10,146,534 inhabitants, comprising 21.5% of the Spanish population. RESULTS: A total of 4,285 episodes of bladder cancer were diagnosed, of which 2,476 (57.8%) were new cases and 1,809 (42.2%) were cases of recurrence, representing an estimated 11,539 new diagnoses annually in Spain. The incidence of bladder cancer in Spain, age adjusted to the standard European population, was 20.08 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI 13.9, 26.3). Of patients diagnosed with a first episode of bladder cancer 84.3% were male, generally older than 59 years (81.7%) with a mean ± SD age of 70.5 ± 11.4 years. Of these patients 87.5% presented with some type of clinical symptom, with macroscopic hematuria (90.8%) being the most commonly detected. The majority of primary tumors were nonmuscle invasive (76.7%) but included a high proportion of high grade tumors (43.7%). According to the ISUP (International Society of Urologic Pathology)/WHO (2004) classification 51.1% was papillary high grade carcinoma. Carcinoma in situ was found in 2.2% of primary and 5.8% of recurrent cases. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of bladder cancer in Spain, age adjusted to the standard European population, confirms that Spain has one of the highest incidences in Europe. Most primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer corresponded to high risk patients but with a low detected incidence of carcinoma in situ.

Estudio comparativo de morbimortalidad entre conducto ileal y ureterosigmoidostomía tras cistectomía radical por neoplasia vesical / Comparative Study of Morbidity and Mortality Between Ileal Conduit and Ureterosigmoidostomy After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Neoplasm

Objetivos: Pese a la tendencia creciente a la elaboración de neovejigas ortotópicas, en muchos casos no es posible su realización, manteniendo su vigencia otras técnicas. Planteamos un análisis comparativo entre pacientes con cistectomía radical por neoplasia vesical y reconstrucción mediante conducto ileal (CI) o ureterosigmoidostomía (USG). Pacientes y método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional sobre 255 pacientes con cistectomía radical entre 1985 y 2009, seleccionando las derivaciones mediante CI o USG. Análisis de características demográficas y prequirúrgicas, complicaciones periquirúrgicas, anatomía patológica y complicaciones a medio y largo plazo. Comparación entre grupos mediante «t» de Student, U Mann-Whitney y chi cuadrado, considerando significación estadística si p < 0,05. Elaboración de tablas de supervivencia según Kaplan-Meier, estableciendo comparaciones mediante el test log rank. Resultados: Cuarenta y un CI y 55 USG, con edad media aproximada de 61 años. USG realizada en un mayor número de mujeres que el CI. Sin diferencias en la necesidad de transfusión, con resultados similares a otras series. Mayor tendencia hacia la aparición de fístulas intestinales y mayor morbimortalidad en el postoperatorio en la USG, aunque no significativa. A largo plazo, mayor presencia de eventraciones en CI y pielonefritis, y necesidad de toma de alcalinizantes en USG. Aparición de hernias periestomales en CI menor que en series previas. Con seguimiento medio superior a 50 meses, supervivencia global del 40% a 5 años, sin diferencias según derivación urinaria. Conclusiones: CI y USG son 2 derivaciones urinarias aplicables en caso de no poder realizar neovejiga ortotópica, con un perfil de complicaciones y supervivencia a largo plazo similares en nuestra serie, aunque con una mayor morbilidad en las complicaciones postoperatorias de la USG (AU)

Objectives: Despite the growing trend in the development of orthotopic neobladders, the procedure cannot be performed in many cases, thereby retaining the validity of other techniques. We propose a comparative analysis between patients with radical cystectomy for bladder neoplasm and reconstruction using the ileal conduit (IC) or ureterosigmoidostomy (USG). Patients and method: Observational retrospective study on 255 patients with radical cystectomy between 1985 and 2009, selecting group assignments by the use of IC and USG. Analysis of the demographic and preoperative characteristics, perioperative complications, pathology and medium to long-term complications. Comparison of groups using T-Student, U-Mann–Whitney and chi square tests, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Preparation of survival tables according to Kaplan–Meier, establishing comparisons using the log-rank test. Results: There were 41 cases of IC and 55 cases of USG, with a mean patient age of approximately 61 years. USGs were performed on a greater number of females than ICs. There were no differences in the need for transfusion, with similar results as other series. There was a greater trend toward the appearance of intestinal fistulae and greater morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period in USG, although it was not significant. There was a greater long-term presence of eventrations in IC, and of pyelonephritis and the need for taking alkalinizing agents in USG. The appearance of peristomal hernias in IC was less than in previous series. With a mean follow-up greater than 50 months, the overall survival was 40% at 5 years, with no differences according to urinary diversion. Conclusions: IC and USG are two applicable urinary diversions in the event that orthotopic neobladder surgery cannot be performed. They have a similar long-term complication and survival profile in our series, although with a higher morbidity in postoperative complications for USG (AU)

Reparación de fístula urinaria en injerto renal mediante nefrectomía parcial y omentoplastia / Urinary Fistula Repair in a Renal Graft Throught a Partial Nephrectomy and Omentoplasty

Objetivos: Presentar el manejo mediante nefrectomía parcial e interposición del epiplón en casos de fístula urinaria en pacientes receptores de trasplante renal. Material y método: Presentamos un paciente con necrosis del polo inferior del injerto renal que afecta al sistema calicial, pero con la vascularización pieloureteral conservada, manejado de manera satisfactoria mediante nefrectomía parcial del segmento renal necrótico y sutura primaria del sistema colector con interposición del epiplón mayor. Realizamos una revisión de los casos de nefrectomía parcial en injerto renal descritos, analizando sus características y destacando la forma de presentación, los métodos diagnósticos, así como las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas y sus resultados posteriores. Resultados: Existen pocos casos en la literatura contemporánea que describan un manejo quirúrgico conservador de las fístulas urinarias por necrosis segmentaria tras un injerto renal. El abordaje mediante nefrectomía parcial en estos casos presenta buen resultado en nuestra experiencia y en los casos descritos. Conclusiones: El manejo conservador de nefronas es factible y debería aplicarse en casos en los que la función renal previa y la cantidad de parénquima sano indiquen una correcta evolución posterior del injerto renal, a pesar de la evidente complejidad quirúrgica (AU)

Objectives: We present the management with partial nephrectomy and interposition of the greater omentum in case of urinary fistulas in renal allograft. Material and method: We present a patient with necrosis at the inferior pole of the renal graft that affected calyceal system but with pyeloureteral vascularization preserved. The patient’s condition was satisfactorily managed with a partial nephrectomy of the necrotic renal segment and primary suturing of the collecting system with interposition of the greater omentum. Were viewed the cases published to date of partial nephrectomy in renal allograft, and examined their outcomes by analyzing the patient presentation, diagnostic tools, and surgical techniques used. Results: There are few cases in the current literature that describe conservative surgical management of urinary fistulas caused by segmental necrosis after renal transplantation. Surgical approach using partial nephrectomy in these cases produces favorable outcomes in our experience and reported cases. Conclusions: Despite its obvious surgical complexity, this nephron-sparing management is feasible and should be implemented in cases where the prior renal function and the quantity of healthy parenchyma indicate a favorable subsequent evolution for the renal graft (AU)

Comparative study of morbidity and mortality between ileal conduit and ureterosigmoidostomy after radical cystectomy for bladder neoplasm.

OBJECTIVES: Despite the growing trend in the development of orthotopic neobladders, the procedure cannot be performed in many cases, thereby retaining the validity of other techniques. We propose a comparative analysis between patients with radical cystectomy for bladder neoplasm and reconstruction using the ileal conduit (IC) or ureterosigmoidostomy (USG). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational retrospective study on 255 patients with radical cystectomy between 1985 and 2009, selecting group assignments by the use of IC and USG. Analysis of the demographic and preoperative characteristics, perioperative complications, pathology and medium to long-term complications. Comparison of groups using T-Student, U-Mann-Whitney and chi square tests, with P<.05 indicating statistical significance. Preparation of survival tables according to Kaplan-Meier, establishing comparisons using the log-rank test. RESULTS: There were 41 cases of IC and 55 cases of USG, with a mean patient age of approximately 61 years. USGs were performed on a greater number of females than ICs. There were no differences in the need for transfusion, with similar results as other series. There was a greater trend towards the appearance of intestinal fistulae and greater morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period in USG, although it was not significant. There was a greater long-term presence of eventrations in IC, and of pyelonephritis and the need for taking alkalinizing agents in USG. The appearance of peristomal hernias in IC was less than in previous series. With a mean follow-up greater than 50 months, the overall survival was 40% at 5 years, with no differences according to urinary diversion. CONCLUSIONS: IC and USG are two applicable urinary diversions in the event that orthotopic neobladder surgery cannot be performed. They have a similar long-term complication and survival profile in our series, although with a higher morbidity in postoperative complications for USG.

Urinary fistula repair in a renal graft through a partial nephrectomy and omentoplasty.

OBJECTIVES: We present the management with partial nephrectomy and interposition of the greater omentum in case of urinary fistulas in renal allograft. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We present a patient with necrosis at the inferior pole of the renal graft that affected calyceal system but with pyeloureteral vascularization preserved. The patient's condition was satisfactorily managed with a partial nephrectomy of the necrotic renal segment and primary suturing of the collecting system with interposition of the greater omentum. We reviewed the cases published to date of partial nephrectomy in renal allograft, and examined their outcomes by analyzing the patient presentation, diagnostic tools, and surgical techniques used. RESULTS: There are few cases in the current literature that describe conservative surgical management of urinary fistulas caused by segmental necrosis after renal transplantation. Surgical approach using partial nephrectomy in these cases produces favorable outcomes in our experience and reported cases. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its obvious surgical complexity, this nephron-sparing management is feasible and should be implemented in cases where the prior renal function and the quantity of healthy parenchyma indicate a favorable subsequent evolution for the renal graft.