Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in University Students at the University of Extremadura: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. The aim of our study was to detect people susceptible to DM among a university population aged 18 to 45 years and analyze the existence of modifiable risk factors in order to implement prevention programs, in addition to analyzing BMI data related to the variables under study. We proposed a descriptive, cross-sectional study following the recommendations of cross-sectional studies (STROBE), with a sample of 341 subjects, students enrolled at the University of Extremadura, carried out by two researchers. The research protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of Extremadura (165/2021). The study considered the Findrisk questionnaire in Spanish, validated by the Blackboard Study, a stadiometer to measure height, a bioimpedance meter to evaluate weight and body composition parameters, and a blood pressure monitor to measure blood pressure. The results indicated that the participants had a low risk of suffering T2DM. The highest Findrisk test scores were found in those with a BMI value above 25, lower physical activity, poor dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, and increased fat mass. Our future research will be the implementation of T2DM prevention programs, acting on modifiable factors.

Assessment of Diabetic Foot Prevention by Nurses.

Diabetic foot is a severe complication of diabetes, with serious consequences such as amputations and high mortality rates as well as elevated economic costs. To evaluate whether or not nursing staff follow the recommendations of national and international organizations regarding diabetic foot prevention, a cross-sectional and observational descriptive study was carried out using an ad hoc self-administered questionnaire validated by seven experts, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.731. Of the total 164 participants, 157 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that 96.58% asked their patients to remove their footwear, 78.34% performed thorough examinations, and 80.25% assessed the risk of developing diabetic foot. Participants educated their patients in self-care and evaluated skills related to diabetic foot control either frequently (84.07%) or very frequently (62.42%), and only 19.11% of them carried out group activity workshops. Significant statistical differences were found in the performance of activities in the groups by participant age intervals, whether working in primary health care or a hospital, having specific training, and the participant's DM patient ratio. We obtained high percentages of compliance in the assessed activities in comparison to other studies. Nevertheless, we believe it is necessary to encourage screening in specialized care, skills testing, and the implementation of educational group activities and workshops.

Onychomycosis in Two Populations with Different Socioeconomic Resources in an Urban Nucleus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Onychomycosis is one of the most common foot conditions. Mixed onychomycosis and onychomycosis caused by non-dermatophyte moulds are increasing in incidence, especially in vulnerable populations, hence the importance of this study, which presents the prevalence of onychomycosis in a population of homeless people, comparing the findings with a sample of a well-resourced population. The total sample consisted of 70 participants, divided into two separate groups, a homeless population and a second group in which we included people attending a private clinic. The average age of the sample is [49.19 ± 28.81] with an age range of 18 to 78 years. In the homeless group, the most prevalent infectious agents were non-dermatophyte fungi, with a total of 48%, compared to 28% in the group housed. The most common site of infection in both groups was the nail of the first finger. We, therefore, conclude that there is a difference in the infecting agent in the homeless population and the population with homes.

Efficacy of an Online Educational Intervention in Reducing Body Weight in the Pre-Diabetic Population of 18-45 Years Old, a Randomized Trial Protocol.

Aim: to analyze the efficacy of an educational online intervention focused on lifestyle changes in reducing body weight from baseline to 6 months in the pre-diabetic population of 18−45 years old in Extremadura (Spain). Methods: a single-blind, multicenter randomized parallel-comparison trial with two intervention groups in a 1:1 ratio will be carried out. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention A or B with 37 cases in each group according to inclusion criteria of being enrolled or working at Extremadura University, scoring >7 points on the Findrisc test and not having diagnosed diabetes mellitus or physical disabilities. Intervention-A group will have access to online information about healthy diet and exercise. Intervention-B group will have access to a six-session educational program regarding behavioral changes in diet and exercise habits. They will complete follow-up activities and have a personal trainer and motivation. The primary outcome will be identifying changes in body weight from baseline to 1 and 6 months and between groups. The secondary outcomes will be accomplishing regular physical activity (>30 min/day or >4 h/week), decreasing sugary food intake or avoiding it altogether, increasing vegetable/fruit intake and lowering HbA1c levels to non-diabetic status when necessary.

Association between the Use of Backpack and Static Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with Static Pronated Foot Posture: A 36-Month Cohort Study.

Background: Schoolchildren often spend a lot of time carrying a backpack with school equipment, which can be very heavy. The impact a backpack may have on the pronated feet of schoolchildren is unknown. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the backpack use on static foot posture in schoolchildren with a pronated foot posture over 36 months of follow-up. Methods: This observational longitudinal prospective study was based on a cohort of consecutive healthy schoolchildren with pronated feet from fifteen different schools in Plasencia (Spain). The following parameters were collected and measured in all children included in the study: sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, metatarsal formula, foot shape, type of shoes, and type of schoolbag (non-backpack and backpack). Static foot posture was determined by the mean of the foot posture index (FPI). The FPI was assessed again after 36 months. Results: A total of 112 participants used a backpack when going to school. Over the 36-month follow-up period, 76 schoolchildren who had a static pronated foot posture evolve a neutral foot posture. Univariate analysis showed that the schoolchildren using backpacks were at a greater risk of not developing neutral foot (odds ratio [OR]: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.08-4.09). The multivariate analysis provided similar results, where the schoolchildren using a backpack (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.02-3.82) had a significantly greater risk of not developing a neutral foot posture. Conclusions: A weak relationship was found between backpack use and schoolchildren aged from five to eleven years with static pronated feet not developing a neutral foot posture over a follow-up period of 36 months.

Backpacks Effect on Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with a Neutral Foot Posture: A Three-Year Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the relationship between backpack use and foot posture in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a backpack on foot posture in children with neutral foot posture during three years of follow-up. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted in a sample of 627 children with neutral foot. For each participant included in the study, age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, type of schoolbag (backpack or non-backpack), foot shape, metatarsal formula and type of shoes were recorded. Foot posture was described by the mean of the foot posture index (FPI) and reassessed after three years in a follow-up study. RESULTS: The average age of the children was 8.32 ± 1.32 years. A total of 458 used a backpack when going to school. Over the three-year follow-up period, 50 children who had neutral foot developed supinated foot (n = 18) or pronated foot (n = 32). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the children using a backpack were at a higher risk of developing pronated foot (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.05, 95% IC: 1.08-3.89, p = 0.028). Backpack use was not associated with the change from neutral foot to supinated foot. CONCLUSIONS: We found a positive association between using a backpack and the risk of developing pronated but not supinated foot. Clinical trials should be conducted to analyze the effect of backpack use on the foot among schoolchildren.

Estudio de la altura recomendada del tacón / No disponible

En el presente artículo se analizan los resultados obtenidos en estudios de diversos investigadores sobre la altura máxima de tacón aconsejada y la diferencia observada entre el tacón alto de aguja o el alto y ancho. Además de aportar esta información nosotros queremos ir un poco más allá cuantificando el efecto que tiene la altura del tacón con respecto al pie para poder certificar así cual es la altura más adecuada. Para ello utilizaremos el sistema de plantillas instrumentadas Bioofot que nos permitirá poder observar como se reparten las presiones en retropié y antepié, haciendo comparativas con calzado de diferente altura de tacón en una misma paciente. Pretendemos ofrecer como resultado de este estudio una altura de tacón máxima recomendada. También se pormenorizan las alturas máximas de tacón recomendadas para las diferentes edades del niño, calzado masculino, calzado femenino y calzado de estar por casa, basándonos en las recomendaciones realizadas por el Dr. Ramiro del Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia. Como última parte se exponen los efectos nocivos producidos por el uso de tacones altos tanto a nivel del pie como del tobillo, rodilla, pierna, cadera, columna y de la marcha

In the present article, the results obtained in studies of diverse investigators are analyzed on the advised peak altitude of shoe heel and the difference observed between the needle high heel and the high and wide heel. Besides, to contribute to this information we want to go a little further on quantifying the effect that has the height of the heel on the foot, to be able to certify which is the more suitable height. For this purpose, we will use the Bioofot insoles system, that will allow us to be able to observe how are distributed the plantar pressures on the rear foot and fore foot, doing a comparative with different heel height footwear in the same patient. We try to offer as a result of this study, a peak heel height recommended. Also, the peak heel heights for the different ages ofthe childhood, masculine footwear, feminine footwear and house footwear, are detailed recommended, attending to the recommendations made by the Dr Ramiro of the Institute of Biomechanics of Valencia. At last we expose the injurious effects produced by the use of high heels on the foot, ankle, knee, hips, spine and on the gait

Terapias complementarias en cirugía podológica

Este artículo presenta una serie de terapias complementarias, como son la homeopatía, la fitoterapia y la oligoterapia, en relación con la cirugía del pie. Éstas terapias nos serán de gran ayuda como coadyuvantes en las terapias prequirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas, así como en el mismo transcurso de la cirugía (AU)

Halterofilia. Análisis del gesto podológico / Wightlifting. Analysis of the foot expression

No disponible

Halterofilia. Análisis del gesto podológico / Weight-lifting. Analysis of podologic gesture

Este artículo trata de explicar brevemente los aspectos técnicos de un deporte poco conocido por el público en general, pero de una gran tradición olímpica y practicado desde la antigüedad. Orientamos el trabajo a aquellos profesionales que traten con deportistas para dar a conocer los aspectos podológicos de este deporte, tanto en cuestión de posibles lesiones que podamos tratar como en los tratamientos ortésicos que podamos efectuar. (AU)